机场鸟类群落的组成与动态
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摘要
为了减少机场鸟撞事故的发生,2017年4月至2018年3月,采用样线法对河北南部机场鸟类群落与动态进行了研究.结果显示:共记录鸟类12目29科66种,雀形目(Passeriformes)鸟类的密度、活动频率和Shannon-Weiner多样性指数(H′)最高.在空间动态分布上,各样区的鸟类在物种数量、密度、活动频率、多样性指数和Pielou均匀性指数(E)上均存在着显著性差异(P<0.05),其中样区4的鸟类物种数和活动频率最高;样区6的鸟类密度、多样性指数和均匀性指数最大;样区1和样区4的相似性系数(S)最高.在季节动态分布上,各季节的鸟类在物种数量、密度、活动频率和均匀性指数上差异性不显著(P>0.05),但是在多样性指数上存在着显著性差异(P<0.05).春季鸟类物种数最高;春季和秋季鸟类多样性指数、均匀性指数最高;夏季和冬季鸟类密度、活动频率最高;春夏两季的相似性系数最高.因此,根据此特点和机场生境,结合对机场有威胁的29种鸟类,提出有关鸟类防治对策.
In order to reduce the bird strike at airport,the bird community and dynamic in the southern airport of Hebei Province were studied by using the route survey in April 2017 to March 2018.The results showed that:66 species of birds belonging to 29 families and 12 orders were recorded,the density,activity frequency and Shannon-Weiner diversity index(H′)of Passeriformes were the highest.In terms of spatial dynamic distribution,bird in various regions showed significant differences in species number,density,activity frequency,diversity index and Pielou evenness index(E)(P<0.05).Species number and activity frequency of sample area 4 were the highest;the bird density,diversity index and evenness index were the largest in the sample area 6.The similarity coefficients(S)of sample area 1 and sample area 4 were the highest.There were no significant differences in species number,density,activity frequency and evenness index among different seasons(P>0.05),but there was significant differences in diversity index(P<0.05).The highest species number was found in spring,diversity index and evenness index were the highest in spring and autumn,density and activity frequency were the highest in summer and winter,the highest similarity coefficient in spring and summer.Therefore,according to the characteristic and airport habitat,and 29 kinds of birds threatening the airport,a bird control strategy can be proposed.
In order to reduce the bird strike at airport,the bird community and dynamic in the southern airport of Hebei Province were studied by using the route survey in April 2017 to March 2018.The results showed that:66 species of birds belonging to 29 families and 12 orders were recorded,the density,activity frequency and Shannon-Weiner diversity index(H′)of Passeriformes were the highest.In terms of spatial dynamic distribution,bird in various regions showed significant differences in species number,density,activity frequency,diversity index and Pielou evenness index(E)(P<0.05).Species number and activity frequency of sample area 4 were the highest;the bird density,diversity index and evenness index were the largest in the sample area 6.The similarity coefficients(S)of sample area 1 and sample area 4 were the highest.There were no significant differences in species number,density,activity frequency and evenness index among different seasons(P>0.05),but there was significant differences in diversity index(P<0.05).The highest species number was found in spring,diversity index and evenness index were the highest in spring and autumn,density and activity frequency were the highest in summer and winter,the highest similarity coefficient in spring and summer.Therefore,according to the characteristic and airport habitat,and 29 kinds of birds threatening the airport,a bird control strategy can be proposed.
引文
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[2]吴琦,唐思贤,乐观.机场鸟击事故灾害的生态防治[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2006,2(1):40-44.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-193x.2006.01.008.
[3]李敏,杨贵生,邢璞,等.内蒙古乌海民航机场鸟类多样性与鸟撞防范[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(8):1678-1685.DOI:10.13292/j.1000-4890.2011.0270.
[4]钟福生,杨春苑,彭娜,等.广东梅县机场鸟类群落结构研究[J].井冈山大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(4):99-106.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8085.2014.04.022.
[5]周璐璐,周立志,万政云,等.合肥新桥国际机场鸟类多样性及鸟击风险评价[J].四川动物,2013,32(4):619-626.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2013.04.029.
[6]吴雪,杜杰,李晓娟,等.重庆江北机场鸟类群落结构及鸟击防范[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(7):2015-2024.DOI:10.13292/j.1000-4890.20150615.021.
[7]郑佳,贾晓东,杨兴中.西安咸阳国际机场鸟类区系和种群年活动格局的变化研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(10):138-143.DOI:10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2015.10.053.
[8]李益得,杨道德,张志强,等.湖南常德桃花源机场鸟类的时空分布与鸟击防范[J].四川动物,2010,29(3):446-451.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2010.03.027.
[9]张世峰,杨贵生,李新,等.呼和浩特白塔机场鸟类生态学研究[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2008,39(1):85-91.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1638.2008.01.016.
[10]李永民,姜双林,聂传朋,等.阜阳机场鸟类多样性及其危险性[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(7):1914-1920.DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.2011.0273.
[11]杨锡涛,王玲,袁倩敏,等.三峡机场鸟类多样性及鸟类危险系数评估[J].福建林业科技,2016,43(4):111-116.DOI:10.13428/j.cnki.fjlk.2016.04.024.
[12]赵焕乐,王彤,扬帆,等.扎兰屯成吉思汗机场鸟类多样性与鸟击防范[J].生态学杂志,2016(12):3344-3352.DOI:10.13292/j.1000-4890.201612.033.
[13]李晓娟,周材权,金立广.四川南充高坪机场秋冬季节鸟类多样性与鸟撞预防[J].动物学研究,2007,28(6):615-625.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0254-5853.2007.06.006.
[14]祃来坤,刘建平,侯建华,等.火烧对机场草地鸟类群落的影响[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版),2015,35(2):177-181.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2015.02.012.
[15]柳毅,徐焕然,袁红,等.天津滨海国际机场鸟类群落结构及多样性特征[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(3):740-746.DOI:10.13292/j.1000-4890.201703.029.
[16]胡超超,杨瑞东,张保卫,等.安庆天柱山机场鸟类群落季节性变化与鸟击防范[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),2011,34(2):70-89.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4616.2011.02.014.
[17]黄才斌.南宁吴圩国际机场鸟类群落结构和鸟击防范研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2016.
[18]宋涛.池州九华山机场鸟类群落结构及鸟击防治措施初步研究[D].合肥:安徽大学,2015.
[19]赵焕乐.扎兰屯成吉思汗机场鸟类生态学及鸟击风险评估[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2017.
[20]李晓娟,周材权.重庆江北机场鸟击特点分析及防范建议[J].四川动物,2016,35(1):154-160.DOI:10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20150224.