喷漏同存条件下堵漏压井技术——以四川盆地九龙山构造龙探1井为例
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摘要
龙探1井在对四川盆地九龙山构造深部中二叠统栖霞组超高压气藏的钻进中,受井身结构的限制,同一裸眼井段内面临高温超高压复杂压力剖面,?190.5 mm井眼钻进至栖霞组发生溢流,在控压循环加重的情况下引起下喷上漏,如何安全处理成为该井能否顺利完成的关键。为此,在仔细分析龙探1井喷漏同存复杂情况和处理技术难点的基础上,确定出把上部漏层与下部高压气层进行隔离、提高漏层的承压能力以满足平衡钻井要求的处理技术思路,制定出GZD刚性颗粒+核桃壳+HHH堵漏配方的具体处理实施办法:(1)通过正、反推压井液将气体污染钻井液推回漏层,降低关井的井口压力,再采用隔离法注水泥封隔喷、漏地层,阻断井下内循环;(2)堵漏施工中采用井口压力升高的时间和堵漏浆的注入量推算出漏层大致位置,推测漏失通道的大小、漏层对堵浆的吸收能力等漏层性质,作为后续作业调整堵漏浆的粒度、浓度、使用量的依据。采取上述措施成功地将龙探1井上三叠统飞仙关组承压能力提高到2.35 g/cm~3并顺利钻穿栖霞组,下?168 mm套管固井。结论认为,适宜的堵漏配方能有效地扩大钻井液安全密度窗口,该实例可为该区及其他地区处理此类问题提供有益的经验。
Due to the restriction of the casing program, Well Longtan 1 is faced with the following problems in the drilling of the ultra-high pressure gas reservoir of Permian Qixia Fm in the deep area of Jiulongshan structure of the Sichuan Basin. The complex pressure profile of high temperature and ultra-high pressure occurs in the same open hole section. Overflow happens when the ?190.5 mm borehole drills into Qixia Fm. And blowout in the lower part and circulation loss in the upper part is induced with the increase of pressure control circulation. In this situation, the key to the successful completion of Well Longtan 1 is to deal with these difficulties. In this paper, the complex coexistence of blowout and circulation loss in Well Longtan 1 was analyzed and the difficulties related to treatment technologies were researched. Then, the technical idea of separating the upper thief zone from the lower high-pressure gas reservoir and increasing the bearing capacity of the thief zone to satisfy the drilling fluid density required by balanced drilling was figured out. In addition, the specific treatment measures of GZD rigid particles + walnut shells + HHH plugging formula were worked out as follows. First, drive the gas-contaminated drilling fluid back into the thief zone by impelling the kill fluid forward and backward so as to reduce the shut-in wellhead pressure. And then inject the cement by using the isolation method to plug blowout layer and thief zone and stop the downhole internal circulation. Second, the time for wellhead pressure rising and the injection amount of plugging slurry in the process of plugging are used to predict the approximate location of the thief zone and estimate the characteristics of the thief zone, e.g. the size of the leak channel and the absorption capacity of the thief zone to plugging slurry, so as to provide a basis for adjusting the size, concentration and usage of plugging slurry in the subsequent operations. With these measures, the bearing capacity of Well Longtan 1 in Feixianguan Fm was successfully increased to 2.35 g/cm~3, and Qixia Fm was smoothly drilled and cementing was conducted by using the ?168 mm casing. In conclusion, this appropriate plugging formula can effectively enlarge the safe density window of drilling fluid and provide useful experience for dealing with similar problems in this block and other areas.
Due to the restriction of the casing program, Well Longtan 1 is faced with the following problems in the drilling of the ultra-high pressure gas reservoir of Permian Qixia Fm in the deep area of Jiulongshan structure of the Sichuan Basin. The complex pressure profile of high temperature and ultra-high pressure occurs in the same open hole section. Overflow happens when the ?190.5 mm borehole drills into Qixia Fm. And blowout in the lower part and circulation loss in the upper part is induced with the increase of pressure control circulation. In this situation, the key to the successful completion of Well Longtan 1 is to deal with these difficulties. In this paper, the complex coexistence of blowout and circulation loss in Well Longtan 1 was analyzed and the difficulties related to treatment technologies were researched. Then, the technical idea of separating the upper thief zone from the lower high-pressure gas reservoir and increasing the bearing capacity of the thief zone to satisfy the drilling fluid density required by balanced drilling was figured out. In addition, the specific treatment measures of GZD rigid particles + walnut shells + HHH plugging formula were worked out as follows. First, drive the gas-contaminated drilling fluid back into the thief zone by impelling the kill fluid forward and backward so as to reduce the shut-in wellhead pressure. And then inject the cement by using the isolation method to plug blowout layer and thief zone and stop the downhole internal circulation. Second, the time for wellhead pressure rising and the injection amount of plugging slurry in the process of plugging are used to predict the approximate location of the thief zone and estimate the characteristics of the thief zone, e.g. the size of the leak channel and the absorption capacity of the thief zone to plugging slurry, so as to provide a basis for adjusting the size, concentration and usage of plugging slurry in the subsequent operations. With these measures, the bearing capacity of Well Longtan 1 in Feixianguan Fm was successfully increased to 2.35 g/cm~3, and Qixia Fm was smoothly drilled and cementing was conducted by using the ?168 mm casing. In conclusion, this appropriate plugging formula can effectively enlarge the safe density window of drilling fluid and provide useful experience for dealing with similar problems in this block and other areas.
引文
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[8]何龙.塔河油田奥陶系油气层喷漏同层处理技术[J].西部探矿工程,2001,13(增刊1):144-145.He Long.Oil-gas layer spraying and leaky-layer treatment technology of Ordovician in Tahe Oilfield[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2001,13(S1):144-145.
[9]陈华,李志豪,黄建刚.压回法压井技术在北部扎奇油田的运用[J].西部探矿工程,2008,20(10):96-98.Chen Hua,Li Zhihao&Huang Jiangang.Application of pressure-return method in the North Zach Oilfield[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2008,20(10):96-98.
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[11]石油天然气钻井井控编写组.石油天然气钻井井控[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008.Oil and Gas Drilling Well Control Preparation Group.Oil and gas drilling well control[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
[12]张希文,李爽,张洁,孙金声,杨枝.钻井液堵漏材料及防漏堵漏技术研究进展[J].钻井液与完井液,2009,26(6):52-55.Zhang Xiwen,Li Shuang,Zhang Jie,Sun Jinsheng&Yang Zhi.Research progress on lost circulation materials and lost circulation control technology[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2009,26(6):52-55.
[13]黄进军,罗平亚,李家学,王书琪,张桂英,张宾.提高地层承压能力技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2009,26(2):69-71.Huang Jinjun,Luo Pingya,Li Jiaxue,Wang Shuqi,Zhang Guiying&Zhang Bin.A study on the enhancement of formation bearing resistance[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2009,26(2):69-71.
[14]李伟.裂缝性地层堵漏技术研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2013.Li Wei.Study on leakage stoppage technology in fractured formation[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2013.
[15]张蔚,廖礼.气井喷漏同存堵漏压井技术的探讨[J].新疆石油天然气,2009,5(4):85-87.Zhang Wei&Liao Li.The discussion about technology of plugging and pressing well as coexistence of blowout and leaking[J].Xinjiang Oil&Gas,2009,5(4):85-87.
[16]张敬荣.喷漏共存的堵漏压井技术[J].钻采工艺,2008,31(5):30-33.Zhang Jingrong.Well killing technology for wells with blowout and lost circulation coexisting[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2008,31(5):30-33.
[17]郑述全,欧云东,曾明昌,王仕水.高含硫喷漏同存气井钻井与完井工艺技术研究[J].天然气工业,2006,26(9):65-67.Zheng Shuquan,Ou Yundong,Zeng Mingchang&Wang Shishui.Study on drilling and completion technology applied to high sulfur-content gas wells where well kicks and losses coexist[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(9):65-67.
[18]赵向阳,孟英峰,杨顺辉,魏纳,李皋,何青水.钻井液液压作用下裂缝性定容封闭体地层压力的变化规律[J].天然气工业,2018,38(6):91-96.Zhao Xiangyang,Meng Yingfeng,Yang Shunhui,Wei Na,Li Gao&He Qingshui.Changing laws of formation pressure of constant-volume fractured enclosed reservoirs under the hydraulic pressure of drilling fluid[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(6):91-96.
[19]刘绘新,樊东昌,刘璞.井漏失返条件下的吊灌作业安全时间计算方法[J].天然气工业,2016,36(7):63-67.Liu Huixin,Fan Dongchang&Liu Pu.Calculation of safe time in"Hang's Mudding-off"technique of circulation loss in return[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(7):63-67.
[2]刘伟,周英操,王瑛,郭庆丰,翟小强,周泊奇,等.国产精细控压钻井系列化装备研究与应用[J].石油机械,2017,45(5):28-32.Liu Wei,Zhou Yingcao,Wang Ying,Guo Qingfeng,Zhai Xiaoqiang,Zhou Boqi,et al.Domestic accurate managed pressure drilling series equipment and technology[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(5):28-32.
[3]晏凌,吴会胜,晏琰.精细控压钻井技术在喷漏同存复杂井中的应用[J].天然气工业,2015,35(2):59-63.Yan Ling,Wu Huisheng&Yan Yan.Application of precise MPDin kick&loss wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(2):59-63.
[4]高德伟,王强,李文哲,邓广东,周剑,易斌,等.川西地区深井非常规井身结构设计与实践--以九龙山构造H004-X1井为例[J].天然气工业,2015,35(4):82-87.Gao Dewei,Wang Qiang,Li Wenzhe,Deng Guangdong,Zhou Jian,Yi Bin,et al.Design and application of unconventional casing program in deep wells,western Sichuan Basin:A case study of Well Long-004-X1 in the Jiulongshan Structure[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(4):82-87.
[5]于洋,韩新龙,于浩,高琛杰.新型钻井堵漏系统设计[J].石油机械,2017,45(12):23-27.Yu Yang,Han Xinlong,Yu Hao&Gao Chenjie.Design of a new lost circulation control system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(12):23-27.
[6]贾红军,孟英峰,李皋,舒刚,赵向阳,魏纳,等.钻遇多压力系统气层溢漏同存规律研究[J].断块油气田,2012,19(3):359-363.Jia Hongjun,Meng Yingfeng,Li Gao,Shu Gang,Zhao Xiangyang,Wei Na,et al.Research on well kick accompanied with lost circulation during drilling of gas formation with multi-pressure system[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2012,19(3):359-363.
[7]刘绘新,李锋.裂缝性储层井控技术体系探讨[J].天然气工业,2011,31(6):77-80.Liu Huixin&Li Feng.Well control technologies for fractured gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(6):77-80.
[8]何龙.塔河油田奥陶系油气层喷漏同层处理技术[J].西部探矿工程,2001,13(增刊1):144-145.He Long.Oil-gas layer spraying and leaky-layer treatment technology of Ordovician in Tahe Oilfield[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2001,13(S1):144-145.
[9]陈华,李志豪,黄建刚.压回法压井技术在北部扎奇油田的运用[J].西部探矿工程,2008,20(10):96-98.Chen Hua,Li Zhihao&Huang Jiangang.Application of pressure-return method in the North Zach Oilfield[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2008,20(10):96-98.
[10]何博逾.裂缝性储层堵漏压井井控技术研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2014.He Boyu.Research on well control technology of fractured reservoir plugging and leaking wells[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2014.
[11]石油天然气钻井井控编写组.石油天然气钻井井控[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008.Oil and Gas Drilling Well Control Preparation Group.Oil and gas drilling well control[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
[12]张希文,李爽,张洁,孙金声,杨枝.钻井液堵漏材料及防漏堵漏技术研究进展[J].钻井液与完井液,2009,26(6):52-55.Zhang Xiwen,Li Shuang,Zhang Jie,Sun Jinsheng&Yang Zhi.Research progress on lost circulation materials and lost circulation control technology[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2009,26(6):52-55.
[13]黄进军,罗平亚,李家学,王书琪,张桂英,张宾.提高地层承压能力技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2009,26(2):69-71.Huang Jinjun,Luo Pingya,Li Jiaxue,Wang Shuqi,Zhang Guiying&Zhang Bin.A study on the enhancement of formation bearing resistance[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2009,26(2):69-71.
[14]李伟.裂缝性地层堵漏技术研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2013.Li Wei.Study on leakage stoppage technology in fractured formation[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2013.
[15]张蔚,廖礼.气井喷漏同存堵漏压井技术的探讨[J].新疆石油天然气,2009,5(4):85-87.Zhang Wei&Liao Li.The discussion about technology of plugging and pressing well as coexistence of blowout and leaking[J].Xinjiang Oil&Gas,2009,5(4):85-87.
[16]张敬荣.喷漏共存的堵漏压井技术[J].钻采工艺,2008,31(5):30-33.Zhang Jingrong.Well killing technology for wells with blowout and lost circulation coexisting[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2008,31(5):30-33.
[17]郑述全,欧云东,曾明昌,王仕水.高含硫喷漏同存气井钻井与完井工艺技术研究[J].天然气工业,2006,26(9):65-67.Zheng Shuquan,Ou Yundong,Zeng Mingchang&Wang Shishui.Study on drilling and completion technology applied to high sulfur-content gas wells where well kicks and losses coexist[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(9):65-67.
[18]赵向阳,孟英峰,杨顺辉,魏纳,李皋,何青水.钻井液液压作用下裂缝性定容封闭体地层压力的变化规律[J].天然气工业,2018,38(6):91-96.Zhao Xiangyang,Meng Yingfeng,Yang Shunhui,Wei Na,Li Gao&He Qingshui.Changing laws of formation pressure of constant-volume fractured enclosed reservoirs under the hydraulic pressure of drilling fluid[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(6):91-96.
[19]刘绘新,樊东昌,刘璞.井漏失返条件下的吊灌作业安全时间计算方法[J].天然气工业,2016,36(7):63-67.Liu Huixin,Fan Dongchang&Liu Pu.Calculation of safe time in"Hang's Mudding-off"technique of circulation loss in return[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(7):63-67.