中国东海、黄海及南海捕捞能力的比较分析
|
摘要
以《中国渔业统计年鉴》中2009~2014年东海、黄海、南海的海洋捕捞渔船数、总功率、总吨位作为不变投入,专业劳动力作为可变投入,海洋捕捞产量为产出,使用数据包络分析法(data envelopment analysis,DEA)对捕捞能力利用度以及理想投入进行分析,总结2009~2014年各海域的规模效率和纯技术效率,计算无偏能力利用度,评价投入配置的合理性以及各生产投入因素对能力利用度的影响。结果表明:黄海海域捕捞纯技术效率较高,但能力利用度受资源衰退的影响明显,并有下降趋势,存在大比例的生产浪费,生产规模亟需优化;东海海域能力利用度和纯技术效率都呈稳定增长趋势,近年对生产投入的控制有一定成效,可变投入配置比例也较合理;南海海域能力利用度和技术效率趋势与东海海域相同,但减船转产实施的不明显,生产投入还有一定的缩减空间。
Although some researches were done on Chinese fishing capacity utilization analysis,they are mainly concentrated in the study of the same or different fisheries in certain area,systematic measurement and comparative study in different areas is relatively rare. For analyzing the systematic fishing capacity utilization,obtaining irrational fishing input,and providing scientific gist for the future fisheries management and structure optimization,based on the data in 2009- 2014 of fishing yearbook,with labor force set as variable inputs,fishing vessels,total power and total tonnage set as fixed inputs,total catch as output in this study,the data envelopment analysis( DEA) model was applied to analyze the capacity utilization and target input in Chinese waters( the East China Sea,the Yellow Sea and the South China Sea),pure technology efficiency and scale efficiency were summarized in time series,no-deflection capacity utilization was calculated,and the rationality of input allocation and the input impact on capacity utilization were evaluated. It was conducted by comparison analysis: The capacity utilization of the Yellow Sea was firstly steady and approached the peak value in 2012,then appeared downtrend obviously under resource exhaustion in the range of 84%- 100%,the maximum capacity output was 3. 76 × 10~6 t in 2014,the minimum value was 2. 93 × 10~6 t in 2012,the pure technology efficiency was in good situation,but high ratio of redundancy input existed,the production scale need to be optimized; the capacity utilization of the East China Sea obtained the minimum value 82. 5% in 2009,then increased in the range of 97%- 100%,the maximum capacity output was 5. 37 × 10~6 t in 2009,the minimum value was 4. 62 × 10~6 t in 2010,the pure technology efficiency increased steadily,preliminary results of the inputs management and control were realized, input allocation ratio was also reasonable; the capacity utilization of the South China Sea appeared the similar trend as the East China Sea,the minimum value 86. 1% appeared in 2009 and then increased in the range of 93. 8%- 100%,the maximum capacity output was 3. 79 × 10~6 t in 2009,the minimum value was 3. 30 × 10~6 t in 2010,the pure technology showed the same trend,but decreasing fishing boat policy should be carried out more obviously,and reducing space still existed in production.
Although some researches were done on Chinese fishing capacity utilization analysis,they are mainly concentrated in the study of the same or different fisheries in certain area,systematic measurement and comparative study in different areas is relatively rare. For analyzing the systematic fishing capacity utilization,obtaining irrational fishing input,and providing scientific gist for the future fisheries management and structure optimization,based on the data in 2009- 2014 of fishing yearbook,with labor force set as variable inputs,fishing vessels,total power and total tonnage set as fixed inputs,total catch as output in this study,the data envelopment analysis( DEA) model was applied to analyze the capacity utilization and target input in Chinese waters( the East China Sea,the Yellow Sea and the South China Sea),pure technology efficiency and scale efficiency were summarized in time series,no-deflection capacity utilization was calculated,and the rationality of input allocation and the input impact on capacity utilization were evaluated. It was conducted by comparison analysis: The capacity utilization of the Yellow Sea was firstly steady and approached the peak value in 2012,then appeared downtrend obviously under resource exhaustion in the range of 84%- 100%,the maximum capacity output was 3. 76 × 10~6 t in 2014,the minimum value was 2. 93 × 10~6 t in 2012,the pure technology efficiency was in good situation,but high ratio of redundancy input existed,the production scale need to be optimized; the capacity utilization of the East China Sea obtained the minimum value 82. 5% in 2009,then increased in the range of 97%- 100%,the maximum capacity output was 5. 37 × 10~6 t in 2009,the minimum value was 4. 62 × 10~6 t in 2010,the pure technology efficiency increased steadily,preliminary results of the inputs management and control were realized, input allocation ratio was also reasonable; the capacity utilization of the South China Sea appeared the similar trend as the East China Sea,the minimum value 86. 1% appeared in 2009 and then increased in the range of 93. 8%- 100%,the maximum capacity output was 3. 79 × 10~6 t in 2009,the minimum value was 3. 30 × 10~6 t in 2010,the pure technology showed the same trend,but decreasing fishing boat policy should be carried out more obviously,and reducing space still existed in production.
引文
[1]周应祺,郑奕.捕捞能力及其计量[J].上海水产大学学报,2002,11(1):84-88.ZHOU Y Q,ZHENG Y.Fishing capacity and its measurement[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2002,11(1):84-88.
[2]周应祺,陈新军,张相国.有关捕捞能力量化统计方法的探讨[J].上海水产大学学报,2000,9(2):119-125.ZHOU Y Q,CHEN X J,ZHANG X G.Study on the measurement of fishing capacity in Chinese fisheries[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2000,9(2):119-125.
[3]郑奕,周应祺.峰值法和数据包络分析法在中国远洋鱿钓渔业方面的应用与比较分析,水产学报,2002,26(4):337-343.ZHENG Y,ZHOU Y Q.The application of PTP and DEA methods to fishing capacity measurement of Chinese squid jigging fleets and the comparative study of the two methods[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2002,26(4):337-343.
[4]郑奕,周应祺.PTP法在我国海洋渔业中的应用[J].上海水产大学学报,2002,11(2):154-159.ZHENG Y,ZHOU Y Q.Application of PTP method to fishing capacity measurement of Chinese fleet[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2002,11(2):154-159.
[5]郑奕,周应祺.DEA理论及其在我国海洋渔业中的应用[J].上海水产大学学报,2002,11(1):37-42.ZHENG Y,ZHOU Y Q.The theory of DEA and its application to fishing capacity Chinese marine fisheries[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2002,11(1):37-42.
[6]方水美.福建沿海8种作业捕捞"综合能力"的比较研究[J].南方水产,2006,2(2):25-32.FANG S M.The comparison study on fishing integrative capacity of eight fishers in Fujian coastal waters[J].South China Fisheries Science,2006,2(2):25-32.
[7]方水美,黄丽琼,庄慧颖.基于渔区和作业类型的福建近海捕捞能力评价及DEA有效性分级[J].福建水产,2009(3):11-16.FANG S M,HUANG L Q,ZHUANG H Y.Evaluation on fishing capacity in the Fujian in shore fishing based on fishing area and fishing method and the effective classification of DEA[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2009(3):11-16.
[8]魏权龄.数据包络分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:1-58.WEI Q L.Data envelopment analysis[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004:1-58.
[9]FARRELL M J.The measurement of productive efficiency[J].Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,1957(3):253-290.
[10]CHARNES A,COOPER W W,RHODES E.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J].European Journal of Operations Research,1978,2(6):429-444.
[11]CHARNES A,COOPER W W,ROUSSEAU J,et al.Data envelopment analysis and axiomatic notions of efficiency and reference sets[R],1987.
[12]CHARNES A,COOPER W W,LEWIN A Y,et al.Data envelopment analysis:Theory,methodology and applications[M].Noerwell:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1995.
[13]FARE R,LOVELL C A K.Measuring the technical efficiency of production[J].Journal of Economic Theory,1978,19(1):150-162.
[14]FARE R,NORRIS M.Productivity growth,technical progress,and efficiency changes in industrialised countries:Comment[J].American Economic Review,1994,84(1):66-83.
[15]COELLI T J.Recent developments in frontier modeling and eficiency measurement[J].Austratian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,1995,39(3):219-245.
[16]方水美.福建海洋捕捞“技术效率”的时间序列分析[J].福建水产,2005,3(1):51-55.FANG S M.Time series Analysis on the technique efficiency of marine Fishing in Fujian[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2005,3(1):51-55.
[17]方水美,苏新红,郑奕,等.福建底拖网捕捞能力的分析[J].福建水产,2004,28(5):554-561.FANG S M,SU X H,ZHENG Y,et al.An analysis of fishing capacity in bottom trawl fisheries in Fujian[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2004,28(5):554-561.
[18]方水美,张壮丽,叶孙忠,等.福建省刺网作业捕捞能力的比较分析[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26(3):27-34.FANG S M,ZHANG Z L,YE S Z,et al.The comparison and analysis of fishing capacity of drift fishery in Fujian[J].Marine Fishing Research,2005,26(3):27-34.
[19]何宗会,张衡,周为峰.2011~2012年东南太平洋智利竹荚鱼CPUE的时空变化及其与捕捞因子关系[J].海洋渔业,2014,36(2):138-145.HE Z H,ZHANG H,ZHOU W F.Spatiotemporai distribution of catch per unit effort(CPUE)of Trachurus murphyi in southeast Pacific and its relationships with fishing factors in 2011-2012[J].Marine Fisheries,2014,36(2):138-145.
[20]方水美.福建沿海张网作业捕捞能力的计算分析[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(3):321-328.FANG S M.Calculated analysis on fishing capacity of swing net in Fujian coastal sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2005,12(3):321-328.
[21]胡贺年,窦学诚.基于DEA方法的种业经济效益评价研究—以张掖市玉米种业为例[J].中国农业科技导报,2015,17(6):150-157.HU H N,DOU X C.Studies on economic benefits evaluation of seed industry based on DEA model—A case study of Zhangye corn seed industry[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2015,17(6):150-157.
[2]周应祺,陈新军,张相国.有关捕捞能力量化统计方法的探讨[J].上海水产大学学报,2000,9(2):119-125.ZHOU Y Q,CHEN X J,ZHANG X G.Study on the measurement of fishing capacity in Chinese fisheries[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2000,9(2):119-125.
[3]郑奕,周应祺.峰值法和数据包络分析法在中国远洋鱿钓渔业方面的应用与比较分析,水产学报,2002,26(4):337-343.ZHENG Y,ZHOU Y Q.The application of PTP and DEA methods to fishing capacity measurement of Chinese squid jigging fleets and the comparative study of the two methods[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2002,26(4):337-343.
[4]郑奕,周应祺.PTP法在我国海洋渔业中的应用[J].上海水产大学学报,2002,11(2):154-159.ZHENG Y,ZHOU Y Q.Application of PTP method to fishing capacity measurement of Chinese fleet[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2002,11(2):154-159.
[5]郑奕,周应祺.DEA理论及其在我国海洋渔业中的应用[J].上海水产大学学报,2002,11(1):37-42.ZHENG Y,ZHOU Y Q.The theory of DEA and its application to fishing capacity Chinese marine fisheries[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2002,11(1):37-42.
[6]方水美.福建沿海8种作业捕捞"综合能力"的比较研究[J].南方水产,2006,2(2):25-32.FANG S M.The comparison study on fishing integrative capacity of eight fishers in Fujian coastal waters[J].South China Fisheries Science,2006,2(2):25-32.
[7]方水美,黄丽琼,庄慧颖.基于渔区和作业类型的福建近海捕捞能力评价及DEA有效性分级[J].福建水产,2009(3):11-16.FANG S M,HUANG L Q,ZHUANG H Y.Evaluation on fishing capacity in the Fujian in shore fishing based on fishing area and fishing method and the effective classification of DEA[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2009(3):11-16.
[8]魏权龄.数据包络分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:1-58.WEI Q L.Data envelopment analysis[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004:1-58.
[9]FARRELL M J.The measurement of productive efficiency[J].Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,1957(3):253-290.
[10]CHARNES A,COOPER W W,RHODES E.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J].European Journal of Operations Research,1978,2(6):429-444.
[11]CHARNES A,COOPER W W,ROUSSEAU J,et al.Data envelopment analysis and axiomatic notions of efficiency and reference sets[R],1987.
[12]CHARNES A,COOPER W W,LEWIN A Y,et al.Data envelopment analysis:Theory,methodology and applications[M].Noerwell:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1995.
[13]FARE R,LOVELL C A K.Measuring the technical efficiency of production[J].Journal of Economic Theory,1978,19(1):150-162.
[14]FARE R,NORRIS M.Productivity growth,technical progress,and efficiency changes in industrialised countries:Comment[J].American Economic Review,1994,84(1):66-83.
[15]COELLI T J.Recent developments in frontier modeling and eficiency measurement[J].Austratian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,1995,39(3):219-245.
[16]方水美.福建海洋捕捞“技术效率”的时间序列分析[J].福建水产,2005,3(1):51-55.FANG S M.Time series Analysis on the technique efficiency of marine Fishing in Fujian[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2005,3(1):51-55.
[17]方水美,苏新红,郑奕,等.福建底拖网捕捞能力的分析[J].福建水产,2004,28(5):554-561.FANG S M,SU X H,ZHENG Y,et al.An analysis of fishing capacity in bottom trawl fisheries in Fujian[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2004,28(5):554-561.
[18]方水美,张壮丽,叶孙忠,等.福建省刺网作业捕捞能力的比较分析[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26(3):27-34.FANG S M,ZHANG Z L,YE S Z,et al.The comparison and analysis of fishing capacity of drift fishery in Fujian[J].Marine Fishing Research,2005,26(3):27-34.
[19]何宗会,张衡,周为峰.2011~2012年东南太平洋智利竹荚鱼CPUE的时空变化及其与捕捞因子关系[J].海洋渔业,2014,36(2):138-145.HE Z H,ZHANG H,ZHOU W F.Spatiotemporai distribution of catch per unit effort(CPUE)of Trachurus murphyi in southeast Pacific and its relationships with fishing factors in 2011-2012[J].Marine Fisheries,2014,36(2):138-145.
[20]方水美.福建沿海张网作业捕捞能力的计算分析[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(3):321-328.FANG S M.Calculated analysis on fishing capacity of swing net in Fujian coastal sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2005,12(3):321-328.
[21]胡贺年,窦学诚.基于DEA方法的种业经济效益评价研究—以张掖市玉米种业为例[J].中国农业科技导报,2015,17(6):150-157.HU H N,DOU X C.Studies on economic benefits evaluation of seed industry based on DEA model—A case study of Zhangye corn seed industry[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2015,17(6):150-157.