异常海洋环境年份智利竹筴鱼捕捞效率的影响因素分析
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摘要
为了探讨异常海洋环境年份智利竹筴鱼(Trachurus murphyi)捕捞效率及其相关影响因素,利用广义可加模型(GAM),对"开富号"2014年和2015年东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼的渔业生产统计数据进行分析研究。结果表明:(1)智利竹筴鱼的渔场主要位于26°S~28°S、74°W~76°W和37°S~47°S、78°W~93°W的海域内,其中最佳捕捞海域为38°S~47°S、87°W~93°W;最佳捕捞时间为4~6月;(2)放网的持续时间、月份、网口高度、网位、放网位置的经纬度及拖网速度对智利竹筴鱼捕捞效率的影响显著,而曳纲长度、网口水平扩张与智利竹筴鱼捕捞效率间的相关性则较弱;(3)影响智利竹筴鱼捕捞效率的因子按影响程度高低的顺序依次为放网的持续时间、月份、网口高度、放网经度、放网纬度、拖网速度、网位。
The relationship between environmental factors in abnormal marine environment and fishing efficiency of Chilean jack mackerel( Trachurus murphyi) was studied. The other impact factors such as fishing parameters,spatial and temporal parameters had received little attention in related research. It is generally known to all that the El Nino phenomenon occurred in 2015 worldwide,in order to explore the fishing efficiency of Chilean jack mackerel and relevant factors in abnormal marine environment,the fishing data of Chilean jack mackerel from 2014 to 2015 in fishing vessel "KAI FU HAO"were analyzed by using generalized additive models( GAM). The GAM is a better fitting method,which could deal with data whose relationship is nonlinear with each other in fishing research. The results showed:( 1) The fishing ground of Chilean jack mackerd in the ocean was located in 26°S- 28°S,74°W- 76°W and 37°S- 47°S,78°W- 93°W; the best fishing ground was located in 37°S- 47°S,78°W- 93°W; the best fishing months were April,May and June in 2014- 2015;( 2) The net time,month,vertical opening,net position,longitude,latitude and speed had significant effects on fishing efficiency of Chilean jack mackerel,and the warp length and horizontal spreading had poor correlation with fishing efficiency of Chilean jack mackerel;( 3) The results of stepwise GAM showed that the order of the seven variables affecting the fishing efficiency of Trachurus murphyi in sequence of importance was net time,month,vertical opening,longitude,latitude,speed and net position.
The relationship between environmental factors in abnormal marine environment and fishing efficiency of Chilean jack mackerel( Trachurus murphyi) was studied. The other impact factors such as fishing parameters,spatial and temporal parameters had received little attention in related research. It is generally known to all that the El Nino phenomenon occurred in 2015 worldwide,in order to explore the fishing efficiency of Chilean jack mackerel and relevant factors in abnormal marine environment,the fishing data of Chilean jack mackerel from 2014 to 2015 in fishing vessel "KAI FU HAO"were analyzed by using generalized additive models( GAM). The GAM is a better fitting method,which could deal with data whose relationship is nonlinear with each other in fishing research. The results showed:( 1) The fishing ground of Chilean jack mackerd in the ocean was located in 26°S- 28°S,74°W- 76°W and 37°S- 47°S,78°W- 93°W; the best fishing ground was located in 37°S- 47°S,78°W- 93°W; the best fishing months were April,May and June in 2014- 2015;( 2) The net time,month,vertical opening,net position,longitude,latitude and speed had significant effects on fishing efficiency of Chilean jack mackerel,and the warp length and horizontal spreading had poor correlation with fishing efficiency of Chilean jack mackerel;( 3) The results of stepwise GAM showed that the order of the seven variables affecting the fishing efficiency of Trachurus murphyi in sequence of importance was net time,month,vertical opening,longitude,latitude,speed and net position.
引文
[1]方宇,邹晓荣,张敏,等.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼栖息地指数的比较研究[J].海洋渔业,2010,32(2):178-185.FANG Y,ZOU X R,ZHANG M,et al.A comparative study on habitat suitability index of Chilean jack mackerel in Southeast Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Fisheries,2010,32(2):178-185.
[2]化成君,张衡,樊伟.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼资源和渔场的时空变化[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5676-5681.HUA C J,ZHANG H,FAN W.Spatial-temporal patterns of grounds and resource of Chilean jack mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)in the Southeast Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(19):5676-5681.
[3]邵帼瑛,张敏.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼渔场分布及其与表温关系的研究[J].上海水产大学学报,2006,15(4):468-472.SHAO G Y,ZHANG M.A study on correlation of fishing ground distribution of jack mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)versus SST in the Southeast Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2006,15(4):468-472.
[4]张衡,樊伟.2009年秋冬季东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼的渔业生物学特征[J].海洋渔业,2010,32(3):340-344.ZHANG H,FAN W.Biological characters of Chilean jack mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)in the Southeast Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Fisheries,2010,32(3):340-344.
[5]李显森,陈聚法,周立凯,等.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼渔业生物学的初步调查研究[J].海洋水产研究,2002,23(2):19-24.LI X S,CHEN J F,ZHOU L K,et al.Preliminary studies on fishery biology of horse mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)in the Southeast Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2002,23(2):19-24.
[6]张衡,张胜茂.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼渔场及单位捕捞努力量的时间分布[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(6):1142-1146.ZHANG H,ZHANG S M.Spatiotemporal distribution pattern of Chilean jack mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)fishing grounds and catch yield per unit effort in Southeast Pacific Ocean[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(6):1142-1146.
[7]牛明香,李显森,徐玉成.基于广义可加模型的时空和环境因子对东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼渔场的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(4):1049-1055.NIU M X,LI X S,XU Y C.Effects of spatiotemporal and environmental factors on the fishing ground of Trachurus murphyi in Southeast Pacific Ocean based on generalized additive model[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(4):1049-1055.
[8]杨嘉樑,黄洪亮,吴越,等.2014年智利外海东部海域智利竹筴鱼CPUE的时空分布[J].应用海洋学学报,2015,34(4):525-534.YANG J L,HUANG H L,WU Y,et al.Spatiotemporal distribution of Trachurus murphyi’s catch per unit effort in east offshore waters of Chile in 2014[J].Journal of Applied Oceanography,2015,34(4):525-534.
[9]牛明香,李显森.智利外海西部渔场智利竹筴鱼资源与海表温度分布特征[J].海洋环境科学,2010,29(3):373-377.NIU M X,LI X S.Effects of spatiotemporal and environmental factors on the fishing ground of Trachurus murphyi in Southeast Pacific Ocean based on generalized additive model[J].Marine Environmental Science,2010,29(3):373-377.
[10]牛明香,李显森,徐玉成.智利外海竹筴鱼中心渔场时空变动的初步研究[J].海洋科学,2009,33(11):105-109.NIU M X,LI X S,XU Y C.Preliminary study on spatiotemporal change of central fishing ground of Chilean jack mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)in the offshore waters of Chile[J].Marine Sciences,2009,33(11):105-109.
[11]许永久,张敏.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼渔场富有生物数量分布及与渔场关系[J].海洋渔业,2007,29(4):289-295.XU Y J,ZHANG M.Distribution of plankton on Trachurus murphyi fishing grounds of the Southeast Pacific and its relationship with fishing grounds[J].Marine Fisheries,2007,29(4):289-295.
[12]李显森,戴芳群,赵俊,等.智利外海渔场竹筴鱼资源分布特征[J].海洋水产研究,2004,25(1):20-27.LI X S,DAI F Q,ZHAO J,et al.Resource distribution characteristics of Chilean jack mackerel in the fishing ground off Chile[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2004,25(1):20-27.
[13]黄洪亮,沈新强.智利竹筴鱼渔场与海洋环境因子的关系分析[J].海洋渔业,2003,25(1):15-18.HUANG H L,SHEN X Q.Analysis on the relationship between Chilean jack mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)fishing grounds and marine environmental factors[J].Marine Fisheries,2003,25(1):15-18.
[14]ARGOS D F,CUBILLOS L A,NUNEZ S P.The jack mackerel fishery and El Nino 1997-98 effects off Chile[J].Progress in Oceanography,2001(49):597-617.
[15]詹秉义.渔业资源评估[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:60-64.ZHAN B Y.Fisheries Resource Assessment[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995:60-64.
[16]何宗会,张衡,周为峰.2011~2012年东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼CPUE的时空变化及其与捕捞因子关系[J].海洋渔业,2014,36(2):138-145.HE Z H,ZHANG H,ZHOU W F.Spatiotemporal distribution of catch per unit effort(CPUE)of Trachurus murphyi in southeast Pacific and its relationships with fishing factors in 2011-2012[J].Marine Fisheries,2014,36(2):138-145.
[17]MAUNDER M N,PUNT A E.Standardizing catch and effort data:A review of recent approaches[J].Fisheries Research,2004(70):141-159.
[18]杨嘉樑.基于调查数据的吉尔伯特群岛海域大眼金枪鱼栖息地综合指数的比较研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013:18-19.YANG J L.A comparison on integrated habitat index for bigeye tuna in waters near Gilbert Islands based on survey data[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2013:18-19.
[19]徐冰,陈新军,田思泉,等.厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔场分布的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(5):696-707.XU B,CHEN X J,TIAN S Q,et al.Effects of El Nio/La Nia on distribution of fishing ground of Dosidicus gigas off Peru waters[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(5):696-707.
[20]方海,张衡,刘峰,等.气候变化对世界主要渔业资源波动影响的研究进展[J].海洋渔业,2008,30(4):363-370.FANG H,ZHANG H,LIU F,et al.A summary of research progress related with the fluctuation of the worldwide main marine fishery resources influenced by climate changes[J].Marine Fisheries,2008,30(4):363-370.
[2]化成君,张衡,樊伟.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼资源和渔场的时空变化[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5676-5681.HUA C J,ZHANG H,FAN W.Spatial-temporal patterns of grounds and resource of Chilean jack mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)in the Southeast Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(19):5676-5681.
[3]邵帼瑛,张敏.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼渔场分布及其与表温关系的研究[J].上海水产大学学报,2006,15(4):468-472.SHAO G Y,ZHANG M.A study on correlation of fishing ground distribution of jack mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)versus SST in the Southeast Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2006,15(4):468-472.
[4]张衡,樊伟.2009年秋冬季东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼的渔业生物学特征[J].海洋渔业,2010,32(3):340-344.ZHANG H,FAN W.Biological characters of Chilean jack mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)in the Southeast Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Fisheries,2010,32(3):340-344.
[5]李显森,陈聚法,周立凯,等.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼渔业生物学的初步调查研究[J].海洋水产研究,2002,23(2):19-24.LI X S,CHEN J F,ZHOU L K,et al.Preliminary studies on fishery biology of horse mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)in the Southeast Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2002,23(2):19-24.
[6]张衡,张胜茂.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼渔场及单位捕捞努力量的时间分布[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(6):1142-1146.ZHANG H,ZHANG S M.Spatiotemporal distribution pattern of Chilean jack mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)fishing grounds and catch yield per unit effort in Southeast Pacific Ocean[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(6):1142-1146.
[7]牛明香,李显森,徐玉成.基于广义可加模型的时空和环境因子对东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼渔场的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(4):1049-1055.NIU M X,LI X S,XU Y C.Effects of spatiotemporal and environmental factors on the fishing ground of Trachurus murphyi in Southeast Pacific Ocean based on generalized additive model[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(4):1049-1055.
[8]杨嘉樑,黄洪亮,吴越,等.2014年智利外海东部海域智利竹筴鱼CPUE的时空分布[J].应用海洋学学报,2015,34(4):525-534.YANG J L,HUANG H L,WU Y,et al.Spatiotemporal distribution of Trachurus murphyi’s catch per unit effort in east offshore waters of Chile in 2014[J].Journal of Applied Oceanography,2015,34(4):525-534.
[9]牛明香,李显森.智利外海西部渔场智利竹筴鱼资源与海表温度分布特征[J].海洋环境科学,2010,29(3):373-377.NIU M X,LI X S.Effects of spatiotemporal and environmental factors on the fishing ground of Trachurus murphyi in Southeast Pacific Ocean based on generalized additive model[J].Marine Environmental Science,2010,29(3):373-377.
[10]牛明香,李显森,徐玉成.智利外海竹筴鱼中心渔场时空变动的初步研究[J].海洋科学,2009,33(11):105-109.NIU M X,LI X S,XU Y C.Preliminary study on spatiotemporal change of central fishing ground of Chilean jack mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)in the offshore waters of Chile[J].Marine Sciences,2009,33(11):105-109.
[11]许永久,张敏.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼渔场富有生物数量分布及与渔场关系[J].海洋渔业,2007,29(4):289-295.XU Y J,ZHANG M.Distribution of plankton on Trachurus murphyi fishing grounds of the Southeast Pacific and its relationship with fishing grounds[J].Marine Fisheries,2007,29(4):289-295.
[12]李显森,戴芳群,赵俊,等.智利外海渔场竹筴鱼资源分布特征[J].海洋水产研究,2004,25(1):20-27.LI X S,DAI F Q,ZHAO J,et al.Resource distribution characteristics of Chilean jack mackerel in the fishing ground off Chile[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2004,25(1):20-27.
[13]黄洪亮,沈新强.智利竹筴鱼渔场与海洋环境因子的关系分析[J].海洋渔业,2003,25(1):15-18.HUANG H L,SHEN X Q.Analysis on the relationship between Chilean jack mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)fishing grounds and marine environmental factors[J].Marine Fisheries,2003,25(1):15-18.
[14]ARGOS D F,CUBILLOS L A,NUNEZ S P.The jack mackerel fishery and El Nino 1997-98 effects off Chile[J].Progress in Oceanography,2001(49):597-617.
[15]詹秉义.渔业资源评估[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:60-64.ZHAN B Y.Fisheries Resource Assessment[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995:60-64.
[16]何宗会,张衡,周为峰.2011~2012年东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼CPUE的时空变化及其与捕捞因子关系[J].海洋渔业,2014,36(2):138-145.HE Z H,ZHANG H,ZHOU W F.Spatiotemporal distribution of catch per unit effort(CPUE)of Trachurus murphyi in southeast Pacific and its relationships with fishing factors in 2011-2012[J].Marine Fisheries,2014,36(2):138-145.
[17]MAUNDER M N,PUNT A E.Standardizing catch and effort data:A review of recent approaches[J].Fisheries Research,2004(70):141-159.
[18]杨嘉樑.基于调查数据的吉尔伯特群岛海域大眼金枪鱼栖息地综合指数的比较研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013:18-19.YANG J L.A comparison on integrated habitat index for bigeye tuna in waters near Gilbert Islands based on survey data[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2013:18-19.
[19]徐冰,陈新军,田思泉,等.厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔场分布的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(5):696-707.XU B,CHEN X J,TIAN S Q,et al.Effects of El Nio/La Nia on distribution of fishing ground of Dosidicus gigas off Peru waters[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(5):696-707.
[20]方海,张衡,刘峰,等.气候变化对世界主要渔业资源波动影响的研究进展[J].海洋渔业,2008,30(4):363-370.FANG H,ZHANG H,LIU F,et al.A summary of research progress related with the fluctuation of the worldwide main marine fishery resources influenced by climate changes[J].Marine Fisheries,2008,30(4):363-370.