长江口盐沼植被生境内斑尾刺虾虎鱼食性特征
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摘要
根据2015年5月至2016年4月在长江口东滩盐沼湿地水域采集的斑尾刺虾虎鱼样本数据,分析了该生境斑尾刺虾虎鱼的生物学和食性特征。结果表明:共采集到斑尾刺虾虎鱼186尾,其中6—8月采集的数量较高,而其他月份较低。约96%个体为幼体(平均体长109 mm),平均摄食等级为1.5。斑尾刺虾虎鱼主要摄食虾类(IRI(%)=69.05)、鱼类(IRI(%)=17.31)、蟹类(IRI(%)=11.51)和双壳类(IRI(%)=0.95)等11大类41小类饵料生物;虾类作为最重要的饵料类别,其生物量、数量和出现频次百分比均排列第一,以安氏白虾(Exopalaemon annandalei)、日本沼虾Macrobrachium nipponense)、长额刺糠虾(Acanthomysis longirostris)等虾类为主要饵料。鱼类饵料中,以大鳍弹涂鱼(Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus)、大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus valenciennes)等虾虎鱼科鱼类为主要饵料。各月平均饱满指数P(%)波动较大,6—11月呈逐渐增加趋势。随着体长的增加,饵料组成中鱼类的比例呈逐渐增高趋势,成体个体的饵料中鱼类的生物量比例达65%以上,虾类的比例则下降明显。6—8月斑尾刺虾虎鱼白天样本中鱼类饵料的重量百分比显著高于夜晚(P<0.01),约是夜晚的8倍;但虾类则是夜晚显著高于白天(P<0.01),约是白天的2倍,而蟹类饵料的昼夜差异不显著。从等级聚类(即组平均法)的分类方法可知,斑尾刺虾虎鱼各体长组食物组成在10%相似性水平上可分为3类,即41—60、61—180 mm和181—200 mm。从营养生态位宽度来看,41—60 mm体长组生态位宽度值为0.86,而61—120 mm体长组随着体长的增大而增大,但121—160 mm体长组生态位有所降低。盐沼生境丰富的饵料环境为斑尾刺虾虎鱼提供了良好的摄食场所,同时盐沼植被茂密的植株也可为幼体提供躲避捕食者的最佳庇护所,初步证明盐沼对于斑尾刺虾虎鱼具有重要的生境价值。
To analyze the biological and dietary characteristics of Acanthogobius ommaturus,a total of 186 individuals were collected in the salt marshes in the Yangtze Estuary from May 2015 to April 2016,with the highest abundance collectedoccurring in the summer( June,July,and August). About 96% of the total specimens were young fish with an average body length of 109 mm and an average feeding level of 1.5. The prey items included 11 groups and 41 species dominated by shrimps( Index of Relativity Important,IRI( %) = 69.05),fishes( IRI( %) = 17.31),and crabs( IRI( %) = 11.51).The dominant species of shrimp prey items were Exopalaemon annandalei and Macrobrachium nipponense,and of fish,Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus and Boleophthalmus valenciennes. The mean stomach fullness index P( %) varied,and increased slowly from June—November. The proportion of fish prey items increased with increasing length,whereas the biomass proportion of fish prey items in adult species was above 65% and increased with increasing body length Food composition of Acanthogobius ommaturus was analyzed for differences in the day and night from June—August. The weight proportion of fish prey items during the day was 8 times higher than at night( P < 0. 01),whereas for shrimp,weight proportions were 2 times higher at night than in the day( P<0.01). There was no significant difference for crabs between the day and night. Three body length groups( 41—60 mm, 61—180 mm, and 181—200 mm) were identified for Acanthogobius ommaturus individuals at the 10% similarity level analyzed by CLUSTER. For the trophic niche of Acanthogobius ommaturus in each size class,the trophic niche in the 41—60 mm group was 0.86. By contrast,the trophic niche increased in the 61—120 mm group,and decreased in the 121—160 mm group. Therefore,the rich food environment in the salt marsh supplies a good feeding place for Acanthogobius ommaturus,and the dense plants can supply the best shelter for young fishes. These can help young fishes grow to adults in the autumn,and can then move to deeper waters for the winter. In conclusion,our study preliminarily indicates that the salt marsh plays crucial roles in the development of Acanthogobius ommaturus.
To analyze the biological and dietary characteristics of Acanthogobius ommaturus,a total of 186 individuals were collected in the salt marshes in the Yangtze Estuary from May 2015 to April 2016,with the highest abundance collectedoccurring in the summer( June,July,and August). About 96% of the total specimens were young fish with an average body length of 109 mm and an average feeding level of 1.5. The prey items included 11 groups and 41 species dominated by shrimps( Index of Relativity Important,IRI( %) = 69.05),fishes( IRI( %) = 17.31),and crabs( IRI( %) = 11.51).The dominant species of shrimp prey items were Exopalaemon annandalei and Macrobrachium nipponense,and of fish,Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus and Boleophthalmus valenciennes. The mean stomach fullness index P( %) varied,and increased slowly from June—November. The proportion of fish prey items increased with increasing length,whereas the biomass proportion of fish prey items in adult species was above 65% and increased with increasing body length Food composition of Acanthogobius ommaturus was analyzed for differences in the day and night from June—August. The weight proportion of fish prey items during the day was 8 times higher than at night( P < 0. 01),whereas for shrimp,weight proportions were 2 times higher at night than in the day( P<0.01). There was no significant difference for crabs between the day and night. Three body length groups( 41—60 mm, 61—180 mm, and 181—200 mm) were identified for Acanthogobius ommaturus individuals at the 10% similarity level analyzed by CLUSTER. For the trophic niche of Acanthogobius ommaturus in each size class,the trophic niche in the 41—60 mm group was 0.86. By contrast,the trophic niche increased in the 61—120 mm group,and decreased in the 121—160 mm group. Therefore,the rich food environment in the salt marsh supplies a good feeding place for Acanthogobius ommaturus,and the dense plants can supply the best shelter for young fishes. These can help young fishes grow to adults in the autumn,and can then move to deeper waters for the winter. In conclusion,our study preliminarily indicates that the salt marsh plays crucial roles in the development of Acanthogobius ommaturus.
引文
[1]张衡,何文珊,童春富,陆健健.长江口低盐淡水区潮间带鱼类群落结构季节及半月相变化.应用生态学报,2008,19(5):1110-1116.
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[3]庄平,王幼槐,李圣法,邓思明,李长松,倪勇.长江口鱼类.上海:上海科学与技术出版社,2006.
[4]张衡,朱国平.长江河口潮间带鱼类群落的时空变化.应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2519-2526.
[5]张衡,全为民,陈渊戈,崔雪森.长江口口门区潮下带水域鱼类群落组成的季节变化.长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(11):1534-1539.
[6]张衡,何文珊,童春富,陆健健.崇西湿地冬季潮滩鱼类种类组成及多样性分析.长江流域资源与环境,2007,16(3):308-313.
[7]韩东燕,薛莹,纪毓鹏,徐宾铎,刘贺,麻秋云.胶州湾5种虾虎鱼类的营养和空间生态位.中国水产科学,2013,20(1):148-156.
[8]范海洋,纪毓鹏,张士华,苑春亭,高天翔.黄河三角洲斑尾复虾虎鱼渔业生物学的研究.中国海洋大学学报,2005,35(5):733-736.
[9]朱美贵,杨刚,张涛,赵峰,彭欣悦,闫光松,庄平.长江口斑尾刺虾虎鱼的摄食习性.中国水产科学,2016,23(4):914-923.
[10]国家海洋局. GB/T 12763.6-2007海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查.北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[11]刘文亮,何文珊.长江河口大型底栖无脊椎动物.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2007.
[12]张衡,叶锦玉,梁晓莉,朱小静,靳少非,陈渊戈,张佳蕊,戴阳.长江口东滩湿地芦苇生境大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构的月动态.应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1360-1369.
[13]张衡,张胜茂,王雪辉,唐峰华,杨胜龙,化成君,何宗会,马海有.东南太平洋秋冬季智利竹筴鱼摄食习性的初步分析.海洋渔业,2013,35(2):161-167.
[14]朱国平,周应祺,许柳雄,姜文新.大西洋西部大眼金枪鱼摄食生态的初步研究.水产学报,2007,31(1):23-30.
[15]孟田湘.莱州湾黄河口近岸幼鱼食物结构与饵料重叠.海洋水产研究,2000,21(2):1-6.
[16] Bearhop S,Adams C E,Waldron S,Fuller R A,Macleod H. Determining trophic niche width:a novel approach using stable isotope analysis.Journal of Animal Ecology,2004,73(5):1007-1012.
[17] Marshall S,Elliott M. A comparison of univariate and multivariate numerical and graphical techniques for determining inter-and intraspecific feeding relationships in estuarine fish. Journal of Fish Biology,1997,51(3):526-545.
[18] Clarke K R,Warwick R M. A further biodiversity index applicable to species lists:variation in taxonomic distinctness. Marine Ecology Progress Series,2001,216:265-278.
[19]童春富.长江河口潮间带盐沼植被分布区及邻近光滩鱼类组成特征.生态学报,2012,32(20):6501-6510.
[20] Zhang H. Diel,semi-lunar and seasonal patterns in the fish community of an intertidal zone of the Yangtze estuary. Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2013,29(6):1252-1258.
[21]杨纪明.渤海鱼类的食性和营养级研究.现代渔业信息,2001,16(10):10-19.
[22]全为民,赵云龙,朱江兴,施利燕,陈亚瞿.上海市潮滩湿地大型底栖动物的空间分布格局.生态学报,2008,28(10):5179-5187.
[23]陈大刚.渔业资源生物学.北京:中国农业出版社,1997.
[2]倪勇,王幼槐,许成玉,熊国强.上海鱼类志.上海:上海科学与技术出版社,1990.
[3]庄平,王幼槐,李圣法,邓思明,李长松,倪勇.长江口鱼类.上海:上海科学与技术出版社,2006.
[4]张衡,朱国平.长江河口潮间带鱼类群落的时空变化.应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2519-2526.
[5]张衡,全为民,陈渊戈,崔雪森.长江口口门区潮下带水域鱼类群落组成的季节变化.长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(11):1534-1539.
[6]张衡,何文珊,童春富,陆健健.崇西湿地冬季潮滩鱼类种类组成及多样性分析.长江流域资源与环境,2007,16(3):308-313.
[7]韩东燕,薛莹,纪毓鹏,徐宾铎,刘贺,麻秋云.胶州湾5种虾虎鱼类的营养和空间生态位.中国水产科学,2013,20(1):148-156.
[8]范海洋,纪毓鹏,张士华,苑春亭,高天翔.黄河三角洲斑尾复虾虎鱼渔业生物学的研究.中国海洋大学学报,2005,35(5):733-736.
[9]朱美贵,杨刚,张涛,赵峰,彭欣悦,闫光松,庄平.长江口斑尾刺虾虎鱼的摄食习性.中国水产科学,2016,23(4):914-923.
[10]国家海洋局. GB/T 12763.6-2007海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查.北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[11]刘文亮,何文珊.长江河口大型底栖无脊椎动物.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2007.
[12]张衡,叶锦玉,梁晓莉,朱小静,靳少非,陈渊戈,张佳蕊,戴阳.长江口东滩湿地芦苇生境大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构的月动态.应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1360-1369.
[13]张衡,张胜茂,王雪辉,唐峰华,杨胜龙,化成君,何宗会,马海有.东南太平洋秋冬季智利竹筴鱼摄食习性的初步分析.海洋渔业,2013,35(2):161-167.
[14]朱国平,周应祺,许柳雄,姜文新.大西洋西部大眼金枪鱼摄食生态的初步研究.水产学报,2007,31(1):23-30.
[15]孟田湘.莱州湾黄河口近岸幼鱼食物结构与饵料重叠.海洋水产研究,2000,21(2):1-6.
[16] Bearhop S,Adams C E,Waldron S,Fuller R A,Macleod H. Determining trophic niche width:a novel approach using stable isotope analysis.Journal of Animal Ecology,2004,73(5):1007-1012.
[17] Marshall S,Elliott M. A comparison of univariate and multivariate numerical and graphical techniques for determining inter-and intraspecific feeding relationships in estuarine fish. Journal of Fish Biology,1997,51(3):526-545.
[18] Clarke K R,Warwick R M. A further biodiversity index applicable to species lists:variation in taxonomic distinctness. Marine Ecology Progress Series,2001,216:265-278.
[19]童春富.长江河口潮间带盐沼植被分布区及邻近光滩鱼类组成特征.生态学报,2012,32(20):6501-6510.
[20] Zhang H. Diel,semi-lunar and seasonal patterns in the fish community of an intertidal zone of the Yangtze estuary. Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2013,29(6):1252-1258.
[21]杨纪明.渤海鱼类的食性和营养级研究.现代渔业信息,2001,16(10):10-19.
[22]全为民,赵云龙,朱江兴,施利燕,陈亚瞿.上海市潮滩湿地大型底栖动物的空间分布格局.生态学报,2008,28(10):5179-5187.
[23]陈大刚.渔业资源生物学.北京:中国农业出版社,1997.