东南太平洋秋冬季智利竹筴鱼摄食习性的初步分析
|
摘要
根据2009年3～6月对东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼(Trachurus murphyi)渔获进行随机取样,对其胃含物的饵料组成、重量、摄食等级和摄食习性等进行了初步分析。结果表明,智利竹筴鱼主要以鱼类[IRI(%)=93.20]为食,其次为磷虾类[IRI(%)=6.76]和柔鱼类[IRI(%)=0.03],偶见水母和桡足类。从胃含物组成的重量百分比来看,鱼鳞比例最大(占79.83%),其次为磷虾类(16.59%),柔鱼类也占一定的比例。从出现频次来看,鱼鳞出现次数最多(占95.28%),其次为磷虾类(52.83%)和鱼鳍鳍条(40.09%),偶见未消化完的鱼卵、磷虾眼睛和柔鱼类等。平均饱满指数各月份波动不大,除4月稍有降低外,基本呈逐渐增加趋势。摄食等级除了4月和5月不存在显著性差异外(P>0.05),其余月份存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。在叉长组为150～250 mm(幼鱼阶段)时,智利竹筴鱼摄食等级为0的个体比例很高,均值为45%;而随着叉长的增大(301～500 mm叉长组,成鱼阶段),摄食等级为0的个体比例显著下降,平均值为9.7%。在叉长组为150～250mm时,胃含物组成类别较少,仅发现鱼鳞、鱼卵和磷虾3类。在叉长组为301～500 mm时,胃含物的种类组成复杂和多样化。受到取样条件不易和胃含物部分或完全消化的鉴定困难,本研究今后在样品收集和种类鉴定方面还需进一步深入,以期更好地掌握智利竹筴鱼摄食生态方面的规律。
Based on the survey data about Trachurus murphyi fishery in southeast Pacific ocean during autumn and early winter in 2009,the prey composition,weight,feeding level and feeding ecology characters were analyzed.The results showed that the stomach items were mostly fish(Index of Relatively Important,IRI(%)=93.20),followed by krill(IRI(%)=6.76),and squid(IRI(%)=0.03) and some jellyfish or Copepoda.As for the percentage of weight of prey,fish scale was the highest(79.83%),followed by krill(16.59%),and then squid.The occurrence percentage of fish scale was the highest(95.28%),followed by krill(52.83%) and fin ray(40.09%),and some indigested eggs,krill eyes and squids.There was a gradual increasing trend in monthly mean stomach fullness index from March to June,except for April.It was found that there was no significant difference in feeding classes between April and May(P>0.05),while there were obvious differences in other months(P<0.05).The percentage of feeding level 0 was obviously higher(mean value=45%) in young fishes(Fork length classes,FLc=150-250 mm) than that(mean value=9.7%) in adult fishes(FLc=301-500 mm).We found that the stomach content of juveniles were only fish scale,egg and krill.With the increasing fork lengths,the stomach content of adult fishes(FLc=301-500 mm) were complicated and various.We need to collect more samples and accurately identify the prey species to better grasp the rules of feeding ecology of Chilean jack mackerel,considering the difficulty in sampling and identification of prey.
Based on the survey data about Trachurus murphyi fishery in southeast Pacific ocean during autumn and early winter in 2009,the prey composition,weight,feeding level and feeding ecology characters were analyzed.The results showed that the stomach items were mostly fish(Index of Relatively Important,IRI(%)=93.20),followed by krill(IRI(%)=6.76),and squid(IRI(%)=0.03) and some jellyfish or Copepoda.As for the percentage of weight of prey,fish scale was the highest(79.83%),followed by krill(16.59%),and then squid.The occurrence percentage of fish scale was the highest(95.28%),followed by krill(52.83%) and fin ray(40.09%),and some indigested eggs,krill eyes and squids.There was a gradual increasing trend in monthly mean stomach fullness index from March to June,except for April.It was found that there was no significant difference in feeding classes between April and May(P>0.05),while there were obvious differences in other months(P<0.05).The percentage of feeding level 0 was obviously higher(mean value=45%) in young fishes(Fork length classes,FLc=150-250 mm) than that(mean value=9.7%) in adult fishes(FLc=301-500 mm).We found that the stomach content of juveniles were only fish scale,egg and krill.With the increasing fork lengths,the stomach content of adult fishes(FLc=301-500 mm) were complicated and various.We need to collect more samples and accurately identify the prey species to better grasp the rules of feeding ecology of Chilean jack mackerel,considering the difficulty in sampling and identification of prey.
引文
[1]AMUNDSEN P A,GABLER H M,STALDVIK F J.A new approach to graphical analysis of feeding strategy fromstomach contents data-modification for the Costello(1990)method[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1996(48):607-614.
[2]陈大刚.渔业资源生物学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.1997:80-100.
[3]DUARTE L O,GARCIA C B.Diet of the mutton snapper Lutjanus analis(Cuvier)from the Gulf of Salamanca,Colombia,Caribbean Sea[J].Buttetin of Marine Science,1999,65(2):453-465.
[4]朱国平,周应祺,许柳雄,等.大西洋西部大眼金枪鱼摄食生态的初步研究[J].水产学报,2007,31(1):23-30.
[5]李显森,陈聚法,周立凯,等.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼渔业生物学的初步调查研究[J].海洋水产研究,2002,23(2):19-24.
[6]DAGOBERTO F A,LUIS A C,SERGIO P N.The jack mackerel fishery and El Nio 1997-98 effects off Chile[J].Progress in Oceanography,2001(49):597-617.
[7]李显森,戴芳群,赵俊,等.智利外海渔场竹筴鱼资源分布特征[J].海洋水产研究,2004,25(1):20-27.
[8]张敏,许柳雄.开发利用东南太平洋竹筴鱼资源的分析探讨[J].海洋渔业,2000,22(3):137-140.
[9]邹晓荣,张敏.东南太平洋南部公海智利竹筴鱼生产初探[J].海洋渔业,2001,23(2):64-68.
[10]黄洪亮,陈雪忠.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼中层拖网捕捞技术[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(1):99-103.
[11]许永久,张敏.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼渔场浮游生物数量分布及与渔场关系[J].海洋渔业,2007,29(4):289-295.
[12]邹晓荣.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼资源、渔场和捕捞技术的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2003.
[13]张衡,樊伟.2009年秋冬季东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼的渔业生物学特征[J].海洋渔业,2010,32(3):340-344.
[14]ASHFORD J,SERRA R,SAAVEDRA J C,et al.Otolith chemistry indicates large-scale connectivity in Chilean jackmackerel(Trachurus murphyi),a highly mobile species in the Southern Pacific Ocean[J].Fisheries research,2011(107):291-299.
[15]POULIN E,CARDENAS L,HERNANDEZ C K,et al.Resolution of the taxonomic status of Chilean and Californianjack mackerels using mitochondrial DNA sequence[J].J.Fish Biol.,2004,(65):1160-1164.
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T12763.6-2007.海洋调查规范(第6部分:海洋生物调查)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[17]CORTES E.A critical review of methods of studying fish feeding based on analysis of stomach contents:application toelasmobranch fishes[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science,1997(54):729-738.
[18]金海卫,薛利建,潘国良,等.东海和黄海南部七星底灯鱼摄食习性的研究[J].海洋渔业,2011,33(4):368-377.
[19]张敏,邹晓荣,季星辉,等.东南太平洋公海水域智利竹筴鱼探捕及其商业开发前景探讨[J].水产学报,2005,29(3):386-391.
[20]蒋日进.东海竹筴鱼的摄食习性[C]//上海:中国水产学会学术年会论文摘要集,2012:217.
[2]陈大刚.渔业资源生物学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.1997:80-100.
[3]DUARTE L O,GARCIA C B.Diet of the mutton snapper Lutjanus analis(Cuvier)from the Gulf of Salamanca,Colombia,Caribbean Sea[J].Buttetin of Marine Science,1999,65(2):453-465.
[4]朱国平,周应祺,许柳雄,等.大西洋西部大眼金枪鱼摄食生态的初步研究[J].水产学报,2007,31(1):23-30.
[5]李显森,陈聚法,周立凯,等.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼渔业生物学的初步调查研究[J].海洋水产研究,2002,23(2):19-24.
[6]DAGOBERTO F A,LUIS A C,SERGIO P N.The jack mackerel fishery and El Nio 1997-98 effects off Chile[J].Progress in Oceanography,2001(49):597-617.
[7]李显森,戴芳群,赵俊,等.智利外海渔场竹筴鱼资源分布特征[J].海洋水产研究,2004,25(1):20-27.
[8]张敏,许柳雄.开发利用东南太平洋竹筴鱼资源的分析探讨[J].海洋渔业,2000,22(3):137-140.
[9]邹晓荣,张敏.东南太平洋南部公海智利竹筴鱼生产初探[J].海洋渔业,2001,23(2):64-68.
[10]黄洪亮,陈雪忠.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼中层拖网捕捞技术[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(1):99-103.
[11]许永久,张敏.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼渔场浮游生物数量分布及与渔场关系[J].海洋渔业,2007,29(4):289-295.
[12]邹晓荣.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼资源、渔场和捕捞技术的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2003.
[13]张衡,樊伟.2009年秋冬季东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼的渔业生物学特征[J].海洋渔业,2010,32(3):340-344.
[14]ASHFORD J,SERRA R,SAAVEDRA J C,et al.Otolith chemistry indicates large-scale connectivity in Chilean jackmackerel(Trachurus murphyi),a highly mobile species in the Southern Pacific Ocean[J].Fisheries research,2011(107):291-299.
[15]POULIN E,CARDENAS L,HERNANDEZ C K,et al.Resolution of the taxonomic status of Chilean and Californianjack mackerels using mitochondrial DNA sequence[J].J.Fish Biol.,2004,(65):1160-1164.
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T12763.6-2007.海洋调查规范(第6部分:海洋生物调查)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[17]CORTES E.A critical review of methods of studying fish feeding based on analysis of stomach contents:application toelasmobranch fishes[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science,1997(54):729-738.
[18]金海卫,薛利建,潘国良,等.东海和黄海南部七星底灯鱼摄食习性的研究[J].海洋渔业,2011,33(4):368-377.
[19]张敏,邹晓荣,季星辉,等.东南太平洋公海水域智利竹筴鱼探捕及其商业开发前景探讨[J].水产学报,2005,29(3):386-391.
[20]蒋日进.东海竹筴鱼的摄食习性[C]//上海:中国水产学会学术年会论文摘要集,2012:217.