基于HHT方法的钻头振动信号识别
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摘要
钻头振动波方法进行丛式井防碰监测时,提出将HHT方法应用于钻头振动信号处理,应用峭度准则及互相关系数准则对钻头振动信号降噪,通过时频分析准确识别出海上复杂条件下的钻头振动信号。首先应用EMD(Empirical Mode Decomposition)分解可以将复杂环境下的钻头振动信号分解为固有模态分量,采用峭度准则、互相关系数准则筛选信号进行降噪处理获得主要冲击成分并重组信号,然后通过Hilbert变换得到边际谱和瞬时频率,判断不同通道的信号来源,提取主要公共频段作为钻头振动信号。根据滤波后信号的能量建立钻头趋近风险邻井的防碰模型,通过海上丛式井防碰的现场数据验证了该方法的有效性。
The bit vibration wave method was introduced to monitor the anti-collision performance of cluster wells.In order to accurately identify the vibration signals of the drill bit,the HHT method was applied to the bit signal feature extraction,the EMD was used to decompose the bit vibration signal into intrinsic mode components( IMF),the kurtosis criterion and correlation coefficient were used to filter the main impact components and then the signal was reconstructed.By HHT,the marginal spectrum,instantaneous frequency and the three dimensional spectrum were obtained and used to judge whether the signals of differernt channels come from the same drill bit or not. The main public frequency range was extracted and a bandpass filter was applied to the channel to detect the bit vibration signal. According to the energy of the filtered signal,an anti-collision model,as the bit approaches to the risk well was established. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by the experiment data ayalysis on a real offshore cluster well.
The bit vibration wave method was introduced to monitor the anti-collision performance of cluster wells.In order to accurately identify the vibration signals of the drill bit,the HHT method was applied to the bit signal feature extraction,the EMD was used to decompose the bit vibration signal into intrinsic mode components( IMF),the kurtosis criterion and correlation coefficient were used to filter the main impact components and then the signal was reconstructed.By HHT,the marginal spectrum,instantaneous frequency and the three dimensional spectrum were obtained and used to judge whether the signals of differernt channels come from the same drill bit or not. The main public frequency range was extracted and a bandpass filter was applied to the channel to detect the bit vibration signal. According to the energy of the filtered signal,an anti-collision model,as the bit approaches to the risk well was established. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by the experiment data ayalysis on a real offshore cluster well.
引文
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[14]刘刚,孙金,何保生,等.定向井防碰地面监测系统设计及现场试验[J].石油钻探技术,2012,40(1):7-11.LIU Gang,SUN Jin,HE Bao-sheng,et al.Design and field test of surface monitoring system for directional wells anti-collision[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2012,40(1):7-11.
[15]薛志宏,李广云,周蓉.一种基于经验模态分解的信号降噪方法[C].全国工程测量2012技术研讨交流会论文集,2012.
[16]何保生,刘华亮,刘刚,等.基于球面波传播理论的钻头趋近邻井防碰预测模型[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(3):62-66.HE Bao-sheng,LIU Hua-liang,LIU Gang,et al.Anti-collision prediction model for dril bit approaching adjacent well based on spherical wave propagation theory[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(3):62-66.
[17]刘刚,刘华亮,何保生,等.丛式井钻头距邻井井简距离的计算模型[J].石油机械,2013,41(10):46-50.LIU Gang,LIU Hua-liang,HE Bao-sheng,et al.Calculation model of cluster well drilling bit-adjacent well distance[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2013,41(10):46-50.
[18]饶志华,杨超,段泽辉,等.浅层多井防碰相对井间距预测模型的建立与现场验证[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(4):80-83.RAO Zhi-hua,YANG Chao,DUAN Ze-hui,et al.Establishment and field verification of relative inter-well distance prediction model for anti-collision of shallow multi-wells[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(4):80-83.
[2]管志川,张苏,王建云,等.油井套管对地磁场的影响实验[J].石油学报,2013,34(3):540-544.GUAN Zhi-chuan,ZHANG Su,WANG Jian-yun,et al.Experiment of the impact of casing on geomagnetic field[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(3):540-544.
[3]刘刚,杨全枝,董照显,等.钻头振动波井眼防碰监测系统及其现场试验[J].天然气工业,2013,33(6):66-70.LIU Gang,YANG Quan-zhi,DONG Zhao-xian,et al.Drill bit vibration anti-collision monitoring system and field experiment[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(6):66-70.
[4]何保生,刘刚.基于钻头运动诱发套管头振动信号检测的井眼防碰检测方法[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(5):74HE Bao-sheng,LIU Gang.Anti-collision monitoring based on detecting casing head vibration induced by drill movement[J].Engineering Science,2011,13(5):74-78.
[5]刘刚,孔得臣,孙金,等.套管头振动信号特征应用于油井防碰监测的可行性分析[J].中国海上油气,2010,24(3):54-57.LIU Gang,KONG De-chen,SUN Jin,et al.Feasibility analysis on application of casing head vibration signal in wellbore anti-collision monitoring[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2010,24(3):54-57.
[6]刘刚,杨全枝,韩金良,等.小波包变换在井眼防碰振动信号处理中的应用[J].海洋石油,2013,33(1):77-80.LIU Gang,YANG Quan-zhi,HAN Jin-liang,et al.Application of wavelet packet transform for wellbore anti-collision signal monitoring[J].Offshore Oil,2013,33(1):77-80.
[7]Huang N E,Shen Z,Long S R,et al.The empirical mode decomposition and the hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and nonstationary time series analysis[J].Porc.R.Soc.Lond,1988,A:903-995.
[8]李彦军,胡祥云,何展祥.HHT变换在地球物理中的应用现状及前景[J].工程地球物理学报,2010,7(5):537-543.LI Yan-jun,HU Xiang-yun,HE Zhan-xiang.Application situation and prospect of Hilbert-Huang Transform in geophysics[J].Chinease Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2010,7(5):537-543.
[9]Lei Ya-guo,He Zhang-jia.Fault diagnosis of rotating machinery based on multiple ANFIS combination with Gas[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2007,21:2280-2294.
[10]陈廷根,管志川.钻井工程理论与方法[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006.
[11]刘刚,杨全枝,陈超,等.基于经验模态能分解的井眼防碰特征信号识别[J].石油矿场机械,2012,41(11):1-5.LIU Gang,YANG Quan-zhi,CHEN Chao,et al.Study on feature extraction method for wellbore anti-collision based on EMD[J].Oil Field Equipment,2012,41(11):1-5.
[12]苏文胜,王奉涛,张志新,等.EMD降噪谱峭度法在滚动轴承早起故障诊断中的应用[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(3):18-21.SU Wen-sheng,WANG Feng-tao,ZHANG Zhi-xin,et al.Application of EMD denoising and spectral kurtosis in early fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(3):18-21.
[13]胡红英,马孝江.基于局部波分解的信号降噪算法[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(1):118-135.HU Hong-ying,MA Xiao-jiang.Signal denoising based on local-wave decomposing method[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,29(3):18-21.
[14]刘刚,孙金,何保生,等.定向井防碰地面监测系统设计及现场试验[J].石油钻探技术,2012,40(1):7-11.LIU Gang,SUN Jin,HE Bao-sheng,et al.Design and field test of surface monitoring system for directional wells anti-collision[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2012,40(1):7-11.
[15]薛志宏,李广云,周蓉.一种基于经验模态分解的信号降噪方法[C].全国工程测量2012技术研讨交流会论文集,2012.
[16]何保生,刘华亮,刘刚,等.基于球面波传播理论的钻头趋近邻井防碰预测模型[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(3):62-66.HE Bao-sheng,LIU Hua-liang,LIU Gang,et al.Anti-collision prediction model for dril bit approaching adjacent well based on spherical wave propagation theory[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(3):62-66.
[17]刘刚,刘华亮,何保生,等.丛式井钻头距邻井井简距离的计算模型[J].石油机械,2013,41(10):46-50.LIU Gang,LIU Hua-liang,HE Bao-sheng,et al.Calculation model of cluster well drilling bit-adjacent well distance[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2013,41(10):46-50.
[18]饶志华,杨超,段泽辉,等.浅层多井防碰相对井间距预测模型的建立与现场验证[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(4):80-83.RAO Zhi-hua,YANG Chao,DUAN Ze-hui,et al.Establishment and field verification of relative inter-well distance prediction model for anti-collision of shallow multi-wells[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(4):80-83.