石家庄市栾城区农地经营规模与农业生产效率的关系
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摘要
基于河北省石家庄市栾城区农户调研数据,运用DEA-Tobit模型探究不同类型农户农业生产效率及其影响因素。结果表明:1)从总体上看,随着农业经营规模的增大,单位面积均资本投入和均毛收入增加,而单位面积均劳动力投入和均净收入减少,说明扩大耕地经营规模在一定程度上促使土地由劳动力密集型生产方式向资本密集型生产方式转变。2)不同种植类型的规模效应呈现出不同的规律:粮食作物和核桃在中等规模型(0.67～3.33hm2)生产效率最高,而草坪种植则在小规模型(0～0.67hm2)生产效率最高。3)影响不同种植类型的生产效率的主要因素不同:户主受教育程度、劳动力数量与粮食作物、草坪生产效率均呈显著正相关;是否从事其他工作与粮食作物、草坪生产效率均呈显著负相关性;化肥农药投入与粮食作物生产效率呈负相关性,与草坪生产效率呈正相关性;年龄对草坪、粮食作物生产效率影响均不显著。因此,适当推动土地流转、确定合理的生产规模、加大农业先进技术投入等有利于农业生产效率的提高。
Based on the survey data of households in Luancheng District,Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province,the agricultural production efficiency and its influencing factors among different types of farmers are investigated by using DEA-Tobit model.The results show that:1)With the increase of scale,the capital input and gross profit per mu increase while labor input as well as net income per mu decrease.It indicates that expanding the scale of cultivated land business leads to more capital-intensive farmland from labor-intensive farmland to some extent.2)The effects of scale effects on different crops are different.The medium-sized(0.67-3.33 hm2)households have the highest production efficiencies of cereals and walnut,while the small-scale(0-0.67 hm2)households have the highest production efficiency of lawn.3)For different crops,factors affecting production efficiency are totally different.The education level and labor force are significantly and positively correlated with their production efficiencies of cereals and lawn,while non-agriculture work lead to lower production efficiencies of cereal and lawn.Fertilizer and pesticide inputs increase cereal production efficiency,but decrease lawn production efficiency;There is no significant relationshipbetween age and crop production efficiencies.In conclusion,appropriate land transfer promotion,suitable production scale,agricultural technology increasing would lead to the improvement of agricultural production efficiency.
Based on the survey data of households in Luancheng District,Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province,the agricultural production efficiency and its influencing factors among different types of farmers are investigated by using DEA-Tobit model.The results show that:1)With the increase of scale,the capital input and gross profit per mu increase while labor input as well as net income per mu decrease.It indicates that expanding the scale of cultivated land business leads to more capital-intensive farmland from labor-intensive farmland to some extent.2)The effects of scale effects on different crops are different.The medium-sized(0.67-3.33 hm2)households have the highest production efficiencies of cereals and walnut,while the small-scale(0-0.67 hm2)households have the highest production efficiency of lawn.3)For different crops,factors affecting production efficiency are totally different.The education level and labor force are significantly and positively correlated with their production efficiencies of cereals and lawn,while non-agriculture work lead to lower production efficiencies of cereal and lawn.Fertilizer and pesticide inputs increase cereal production efficiency,but decrease lawn production efficiency;There is no significant relationshipbetween age and crop production efficiencies.In conclusion,appropriate land transfer promotion,suitable production scale,agricultural technology increasing would lead to the improvement of agricultural production efficiency.
引文
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[2]苏小松,何广文.农户社会资本对农业生产效率的影响分析:基于山东省高青县的农户调查数据[J].农业技术经济,2013(10):64-72Su X S, He G W.Impact of farmers'social capital on agricultural production efficiency:Based on household survey data of Gaoqing ounty,Shandong rovince[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2013(10):64-72(in Chinese)
[3] Ahmad M,Chaudhry G M,Iqbal M,Khan D A.Wheat productivity, efficiency, and sustainability:A stochastic production frontier analysis[with][J].Pakistan Development Review,2002,41(4):643-663
[4]沈雪,张俊飚,张露,程文能.基于农户经营规模的水稻生产技术效率测度及影响因素分析:来自湖北省的调查数据[J].农业现代化研究.2017(6):995-1001Shen X,Zhang J B,Zhang L,Cheng W N.Production technology assessment and influencing factors of rice farmer’s operation scales:Based on farmers’microdata from Hubei Province[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2017,38(6):995-1001(in Chinese)
[5]刘天军,蔡起华.不同经营规模农户的生产技术效率分析:基于陕西省猕猴桃生产基地县210户农户的数据[J].中国农村经济,2013(3):37-46Liu T J,Cai Q H.An analysis of farmer farmers’households’technical efficiency with different scale of operation:Based on survey data of 210 Kiwifruit growing farmers’households in Kiwifruit production base counties of Shanxi Province[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2013(3):37-46(in Chinese)
[6]金福良,王璐,李谷成,冯中朝.不同规模农户冬油菜生产技术效率及影响因素分析:基于随机前沿函数与1707个农户微观数据[J].中国农业大学学报,2013,18(1):210-217Jin F L,Wang L,Li G C,Feng Z C.Winter rapeseed’s technical efficiency and its influence factors:Based on the model of stochastic frontier production function and 1707micro-data of farmers[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2013,18(1):210-217(in Chinese)
[7]贾琳,夏英.农户粮食生产规模效率及其影响因素分析:基于黑、豫、川三省玉米种植户的调查数据[J].资源科学,2017,39(5):924-933Jia L, Xia Y.Scale efficiency of grain production and influencing factors based on survey data from Heilongjiang,Henan and Sichuan[J].Resources Science,2017,39(5):924-933(in Chinese)
[8]张忠明,钱文荣.农户土地经营规模与粮食生产效率关系实证研究[J].中国土地科学,2010,24(8):52-58Zhang Z M,Qian W R.Empirical research on the relationship between farmers’land management scale and food production efficiency[J].China Land Science,2010,24(8):52-58(in Chinese)
[9] Karimov A,Amos T T,Awotide B A.Production and scale efficiency of maize farming households in South-western Nigeria[J].International Journal of Social Economics,2014,41(11):1087-1100
[10]屈小博.不同规模农户生产技术效率差异及其影响因素分析:基于超越对数随机前沿生产函数与农户微观数据[J].南京农业大学学报:社会科学版,2009,9(3):27-35Qu X B.Technical efficiency of different farmer sizes and its influencing factors:Based on stochastic frontier production function and micro data of households[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University:Social Sciences Edition,2009,9(3):27-35(in Chinese)
[11]刘颖,金雅,王嫚嫚.不同经营规模下稻农生产技术效率分析:以江汉平原为例[J].华中农业大学学报:社会科学版,2016(4):15-21Liu Y,Jin Y,Wang M M.Analysis on technical efficiency of rice farmer in different scales:A case study of Jianghan Plain[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University:Social Sciences Edition,2016(4):15-21(in Chinese)
[12]贺志亮,刘成玉.我国农业生产效率及效率影响因素研究:基于三阶段DEA模型的实证分析[J].农村经济,2015(6):48-51He Z L,Liu C Y.Study on the factors influencing the efficiency and efficiency of agricultural production in China:Empirical analysis based on three-stage DEA model[J].Rural Economy,2015(6):48-51(in Chinese)
[13]钱龙,洪名勇.非农就业、土地流转与农业生产效率变化:基于CFPS的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2016(12):2-16Qian L,Hong M Y.Nonfarm employment,land conversion and changes in agricultural production efficiency:An empirical analysis based on CFPS[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2016(12):2-16(in Chinese)
[14]唐建,Jose Vila.粮食生产技术效率及影响因素研究:来自1990—2013年中国31个省份面板数据[J].农业技术经济,2016(9):72-83Tang J,Jose V.Study on the technical efficiency and influencing factors of food production:From panel data of 31provinces in China in 19902013[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2016(9):72-83(in Chinese)
[15]王晓兵,许迪,张砚杰,杨军.农场规模、劳动力投入量与技术效率及其相关性问题研究[J].资源科学,2016,38(3):476-484Wang X B,Xu D,Zhang Y J,Yang J.The relevance of farm scale,labor inputs and technical efficiency[J].Resources Science,2016,38(3):476-484(in Chinese)
[16]戚焦耳,郭贯成,陈永生.农地流转对农业生产效率的影响研究:基于DEA-Tobit模型的分析[J].资源科学,2015,37(9):1816-1824Qi J E,Guo G C,Chen Y S.The impact of farmland transfer on agricultural production efficiency based on the DEA-Tobit model[J].Resources Science,2015,37(9):1816-1824(in Chinese)
[17]邢慧茹,张晓骏,邓义.农业生产效率与其影响因素相关关系实证分析:基于湖北省数据[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(12):198-203Xing H R,Zhang X J,Deng Y Empirical analysis on the relationship between agricultural production efficiency and its influencing factors:Based on the data of Hubei[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2016,37(12):198-203(in Chinese)
[18]廖成泉,胡银根,章晓曼.基于四阶段DEA-Tobit的湖北省耕地资源利用效率及其影响因素研究[J].农业现代化研究,2015(5):876-882Liao C Q,Hu Y G,Zhang X M.Research on the efficiency and the influencing factors of arable land utilization in Hubei Province based on the four-stage DEA and Tobit model[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2015,36(5):876-882(in Chinese)
[19]杨勇,邓祥征,李志慧,吴锋,李小云.2000—2015年华北平原土地利用变化对粮食生产效率的影响[J].地理研究,2017,36(11):2171-2183Yang Y,Deng X Z,Li Z H,Wu F,Li X Y.Impact of land use change on grain production efficiency in North China plain during 2000-2015[J].Geographical Research,2017,36(11):2171-2183(in Chinese)
[20]田旭,王善高.中国粮食生产环境效率及其影响因素分析[J].资源科学,2016,38(11):2106-2116Tian X, Wang S G. Environmental efficiency and its determinants regarding China’s grain production[J].Resources Science,2016,38(11):2106-2116(in Chinese)
[21]尚雨.农地规模与农业生产效率的关系分析:基于湖南省400农户的调查[J].湖南农业大学学报:社会科学版,2011,12(6):17-22Shang Y. Relation between agricultural land size and efficiency:Based on the investigation of the 400households in Hunan Province[J]. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University:Social Sciences,2011,12(6):17-22(in Chinese)
[22]董雪娇,徐艳,周建.不同规模耕地经济效益差异及影响因素分析:以曲周县第四疃乡为例[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(4):81-90Dong X J,Xu Y,Zhou J.Differences and impact factors analysis of economic efficiency in different scale cultivated lands[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017,22(4):81-90(in Chinese)
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