不同径级红松挥发性碳贡献变化特征及其影响因子分析
|
摘要
【目的】植物含碳率是研究森林碳储量的关键因素之一,精确测定含碳率及其影响因子有利于提高森林碳储量的预测准确率。【方法】以吉林蛟河阔叶红松成熟林固定样地内红松为研究对象,获取冷冻干燥、自然干燥和烘干干燥3种处理方式下的红松茎干连年含碳率,对比分析3种处理方式下不同径级红松含碳率年际变化特征。发现自然干燥含碳率波动较大,因此本文的挥发性碳贡献由冷冻干燥含碳率和烘干干燥含碳率来量化。通过比较大小径级红松挥发性碳贡献年际变化特征,分析其在时间尺度上的差异与稳定性,并构建挥发性碳贡献与气候因子和生长量等因子的相关关系,揭示影响挥发性碳贡献的主要因子。【结果】(1)不同干燥方式仅对大径级红松的含碳率的测定结果有显著影响(P <0. 05),而3种干燥方式下小径级红松含碳率不存在显著差异。(2)红松挥发性碳贡献有一定阶段性。小径级红松挥发性碳贡献较大径级波动更大,小径级红松挥发性碳贡献最高和最低值分别为24. 46%和0. 03%,大径级红松挥发性碳贡献最高和最低值则为9. 72%和1. 18%,同时大径级红松挥发性碳贡献存在明显的滞后现象。(3)红松挥发性碳贡献主要受到冬季温度的影响,其中小径级红松挥发性碳贡献仅与当年12月的温度呈现显著负相关(P <0. 05),而大径级红松则与上一年12月的温度呈显著负相关(P <0. 05)。(4)当年1月降水对大径级红松挥发性碳贡献有促进作用(P <0. 05),而当年6月的干旱指数对小径级红松挥发性碳贡献有促进作用(P <0. 05)。推测挥发性碳可能与树木非生长季的生理活动有关。【结论】在评价森林碳储量时要考虑挥发性碳贡献,同时不能忽视径级差异的影响及挥发性碳的时间稳定性,从而实现对不同特征林分碳储量的精确估算。
[Objective] Carbon content is one of the key factors when estimating carbon storage.Accurate measurement of carbon content and finding its influencing factors can improve the accuracy ofthe prediction of carbon storage. [Method]Tree cores collected in the plots of mature forests in the broardleaved Korean pine forest of Jiaohe,northeastern China were taken as samples in this study.Carbon content of frozen,oven-dried and natural air drying samples of Pinus koraiensis from 1987 to 2016 were attained in order to qualify the volatile carbon content and to compare the characteristics of the interannual variation of the carbon content attained by different drying methods. In this passage,volatile carbon content was qualified with frozen and oven-dried carbon content considering the relative stability of them. The relationship between volatile carbon content and three climate factors as well as size class and annual growth was developed. [Result]( 1) The results showed that significant difference among carbon content of different drying methods was only found in trees of large diameter class.( 2) The fluctuation characteristics of volatile carbon contribution differed in small and large class and the interannual variations were more remarkable in small class. The volatile carbon contribution reached 24. 46% in small class and 9. 72% in large class. Also,the volatile carbon contribution in large class lagged behind that of small class.( 3) The volatile carbon contribution was mainly limited by the temperature in winter.In small class,the volatile carbon contribution showed negative response to temperature in December of that very year,while in large class,it responsed negatively to the temperature in last December.( 4) The precipitation of this January had positive influence in volatile carbon contribution of large class and the volatile carbon contribution of small class showed positive response to PDSI of this June,which inspired us that the effect of volatile carbon may be related to trees' dormancy or other defensive mechanisms.[Conclusion]Therefore,it is necessary to take volatile carbon content into account while estimating the forest carbon storage without ignoring the influence of size class. It is also necessary to make a deep analysis of the influencing factors of volatile carbon contribution.
[Objective] Carbon content is one of the key factors when estimating carbon storage.Accurate measurement of carbon content and finding its influencing factors can improve the accuracy ofthe prediction of carbon storage. [Method]Tree cores collected in the plots of mature forests in the broardleaved Korean pine forest of Jiaohe,northeastern China were taken as samples in this study.Carbon content of frozen,oven-dried and natural air drying samples of Pinus koraiensis from 1987 to 2016 were attained in order to qualify the volatile carbon content and to compare the characteristics of the interannual variation of the carbon content attained by different drying methods. In this passage,volatile carbon content was qualified with frozen and oven-dried carbon content considering the relative stability of them. The relationship between volatile carbon content and three climate factors as well as size class and annual growth was developed. [Result]( 1) The results showed that significant difference among carbon content of different drying methods was only found in trees of large diameter class.( 2) The fluctuation characteristics of volatile carbon contribution differed in small and large class and the interannual variations were more remarkable in small class. The volatile carbon contribution reached 24. 46% in small class and 9. 72% in large class. Also,the volatile carbon contribution in large class lagged behind that of small class.( 3) The volatile carbon contribution was mainly limited by the temperature in winter.In small class,the volatile carbon contribution showed negative response to temperature in December of that very year,while in large class,it responsed negatively to the temperature in last December.( 4) The precipitation of this January had positive influence in volatile carbon contribution of large class and the volatile carbon contribution of small class showed positive response to PDSI of this June,which inspired us that the effect of volatile carbon may be related to trees' dormancy or other defensive mechanisms.[Conclusion]Therefore,it is necessary to take volatile carbon content into account while estimating the forest carbon storage without ignoring the influence of size class. It is also necessary to make a deep analysis of the influencing factors of volatile carbon contribution.
引文
[1]樊星,田大伦,樊巍,等.黄淮海平原主要农林复合树种的含碳率研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(6):85--87,93.Fan X,Tian D L,Fan W,et al. Carbon content of main agroforestry tree species in the North China Plain[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2014,34(6):85-87,93.
[2]刘维,张晓丽,马菁.鹫峰国家森林公园主要乔木树种含碳率分析[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(5):214-218.Liu W,Zhang X L,Ma J. Carbon content rate analysis on the main arbor species in Jiufeng National Forest Park[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2011,26(5):214--218.
[3]季波,何建龙,李娜,等.宁夏贺兰山主要森林树种含碳率分析[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(2):332--335.Ji B,He J L,Li N,et al. Carbon content rate analysis in main tree species of forest in Helan Mountain of Ningxia Area[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,35(2):332--335.
[4]于颖,范文义,李明泽.东北林区不同尺度森林的含碳率[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(2):341--346.Yu Y,Fan W Y,Li M Z. Forest carbon rates at different scales in Northeast China forest area[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(2):341--346.
[5] Margart K,Alvaro C,Tim M,et al. Carbon storage of harvest-age teak(Tectona grandis)plantations,Panama[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2003,173:213-225.
[6] Doganay T. Carbon concentrations of tree components,forest floor and understorey in young Pinus sylvestris stands in north-western Turkey[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,2009,24:394-402.
[7] Lamlom S H,Savidge R A. A reassessment of carbon content in wood:variation within and between 41 North American species[J]. Biomass&Bioenergy,2003,25:381--388.
[8] Martin A R,Thomas S C. A reassessment of carbon content in tropical trees[J/OL]. PLo S One,2011,6(8):e23533[2017--11-10]. https://doi. org/10. 1371/journal. pone. 0023533.
[9] Gao B L,Anthony R T,Han Y H,et al. Variation in total and volatile carbon concentration among the major tree species of the boreal forest[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2016,375:191--199.
[10] Thomas S C,Malczewski G. Wood carbon content of tree species in Eastern China:interspecific variability and the importance of the volatile fraction[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2007,85:659-662.
[11]范春楠.吉林省森林植被碳估算及其分布特征[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2014.Fan C N. The carbon distribution characteristic and storage of forest vegetation in Jilin Province[D]. Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2014.
[12]刘实,闫敏华,隋波.东北三省冬季气温变化的有关研究进展[J].气候变化研究进展,2009,5(6):357--361Liu S,Yan M H,Sui B. Advances in the research of winter air temperature variation of three Provinces in Northeast China[J].Advances in Climate Change Research,2009,5(6):357-361.
[13]李建,彭鹏,何怀江,等.采伐对吉林蛟河针阔混交林空间结构的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,37(9):48-57.Li J,Peng P,He H J,et al. Effects of thinning intensity on spatial structure of multi-species temperate forest at Jiaohe in Jilin Province,northeastern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2017,39(9):48--57.
[14]王晓春,赵玉芳.黑河胜山国家自然保护区红松和红皮云杉生长释放判定及解释[J].生态学报,2011,31(5):1230-1239.Wang X C,Zhao Y F. Determination and explanation of the growth and release of Korean pine and Picea koraiensis in the Heishan National Nature Reserve of Heihe[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(5):1230-1239.
[15] Martin A R,Thomas S C. Size-development changes in leaf and wood chemical traits in two Caribbean rainforest trees[J]. The Physiology Advance Access,2013,33(12):1--13.
[16] Kerrie M S,Peter B R,Christopher H L. Sizerelated shifts in carbon gain and growth responses to light differ among rainforest evergreens of contrasting shade tolerance[J]. Oecologia,2018,187:609-623.
[17] Martin A R,Thomas S C,Zhao Y. Size-dependent changes in wood chemical traits:a comparison of neotropical saplings and large trees[J]. Ao B Plants,2013,5:1--14.
[18]张慧东,李军,赵俊卉,等.寒温带非生长季环境气象要素对兴安落叶松影响分析[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2007,28(4):79-84.Zhang H D,Li J,Zhao J H,et al. Analysis of meteorological elements on dahurian larch(Larix gmelinii)forest in non-cropping season in cold-temperate zone[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2007,28(4):79--84.
[19]张宁,李宝富,徐彤彤,等. 1960—2012年全球胡杨分布区干旱指数时空变化特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(7):121-126.Zhang N,Li B F,Xu T T,et al. Spatiotemporal variations of drought index in Populus euphratica global distribution area during the past 50 years(1960-2012)[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(7):121--126.
[20]吴家兵,关德新,施婷婷,等.非生长季长白山红松针阔叶混交林CO2通量特征[J].林业科学,2006,4(9):1--6.Wu J B,Guan D X,Shi T T,et al. Non-growing seasons CO2flux of a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2006,4(9):1--6.
[21]张强,郭传友,张兴旺,等.基于光合作用和抗氧化机制的南方铁杉和褐叶青冈越冬策略研究[J].植物研究,2015,35(2):200-207.Zhang Q,Guo C Y,Zhang X W,et al. Photosynthesis and antioxidant defense strategies in overwintering plants of Tsuga chinensis and Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research,2015,35(2):200-207.
[22]范春雨,张春雨,赵秀海.择伐对吉林蛟河阔叶红松林群落结构及动态的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(20):6668--6678.Fan C Y,Zhang C Y,Zhao X H,et al. Effects of selective harvest on community structure and dynamics in a mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Jiaohe,Jilin Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(20):6668--6678.
[2]刘维,张晓丽,马菁.鹫峰国家森林公园主要乔木树种含碳率分析[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(5):214-218.Liu W,Zhang X L,Ma J. Carbon content rate analysis on the main arbor species in Jiufeng National Forest Park[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2011,26(5):214--218.
[3]季波,何建龙,李娜,等.宁夏贺兰山主要森林树种含碳率分析[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(2):332--335.Ji B,He J L,Li N,et al. Carbon content rate analysis in main tree species of forest in Helan Mountain of Ningxia Area[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,35(2):332--335.
[4]于颖,范文义,李明泽.东北林区不同尺度森林的含碳率[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(2):341--346.Yu Y,Fan W Y,Li M Z. Forest carbon rates at different scales in Northeast China forest area[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(2):341--346.
[5] Margart K,Alvaro C,Tim M,et al. Carbon storage of harvest-age teak(Tectona grandis)plantations,Panama[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2003,173:213-225.
[6] Doganay T. Carbon concentrations of tree components,forest floor and understorey in young Pinus sylvestris stands in north-western Turkey[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,2009,24:394-402.
[7] Lamlom S H,Savidge R A. A reassessment of carbon content in wood:variation within and between 41 North American species[J]. Biomass&Bioenergy,2003,25:381--388.
[8] Martin A R,Thomas S C. A reassessment of carbon content in tropical trees[J/OL]. PLo S One,2011,6(8):e23533[2017--11-10]. https://doi. org/10. 1371/journal. pone. 0023533.
[9] Gao B L,Anthony R T,Han Y H,et al. Variation in total and volatile carbon concentration among the major tree species of the boreal forest[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2016,375:191--199.
[10] Thomas S C,Malczewski G. Wood carbon content of tree species in Eastern China:interspecific variability and the importance of the volatile fraction[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2007,85:659-662.
[11]范春楠.吉林省森林植被碳估算及其分布特征[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2014.Fan C N. The carbon distribution characteristic and storage of forest vegetation in Jilin Province[D]. Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2014.
[12]刘实,闫敏华,隋波.东北三省冬季气温变化的有关研究进展[J].气候变化研究进展,2009,5(6):357--361Liu S,Yan M H,Sui B. Advances in the research of winter air temperature variation of three Provinces in Northeast China[J].Advances in Climate Change Research,2009,5(6):357-361.
[13]李建,彭鹏,何怀江,等.采伐对吉林蛟河针阔混交林空间结构的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,37(9):48-57.Li J,Peng P,He H J,et al. Effects of thinning intensity on spatial structure of multi-species temperate forest at Jiaohe in Jilin Province,northeastern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2017,39(9):48--57.
[14]王晓春,赵玉芳.黑河胜山国家自然保护区红松和红皮云杉生长释放判定及解释[J].生态学报,2011,31(5):1230-1239.Wang X C,Zhao Y F. Determination and explanation of the growth and release of Korean pine and Picea koraiensis in the Heishan National Nature Reserve of Heihe[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(5):1230-1239.
[15] Martin A R,Thomas S C. Size-development changes in leaf and wood chemical traits in two Caribbean rainforest trees[J]. The Physiology Advance Access,2013,33(12):1--13.
[16] Kerrie M S,Peter B R,Christopher H L. Sizerelated shifts in carbon gain and growth responses to light differ among rainforest evergreens of contrasting shade tolerance[J]. Oecologia,2018,187:609-623.
[17] Martin A R,Thomas S C,Zhao Y. Size-dependent changes in wood chemical traits:a comparison of neotropical saplings and large trees[J]. Ao B Plants,2013,5:1--14.
[18]张慧东,李军,赵俊卉,等.寒温带非生长季环境气象要素对兴安落叶松影响分析[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2007,28(4):79-84.Zhang H D,Li J,Zhao J H,et al. Analysis of meteorological elements on dahurian larch(Larix gmelinii)forest in non-cropping season in cold-temperate zone[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2007,28(4):79--84.
[19]张宁,李宝富,徐彤彤,等. 1960—2012年全球胡杨分布区干旱指数时空变化特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(7):121-126.Zhang N,Li B F,Xu T T,et al. Spatiotemporal variations of drought index in Populus euphratica global distribution area during the past 50 years(1960-2012)[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(7):121--126.
[20]吴家兵,关德新,施婷婷,等.非生长季长白山红松针阔叶混交林CO2通量特征[J].林业科学,2006,4(9):1--6.Wu J B,Guan D X,Shi T T,et al. Non-growing seasons CO2flux of a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2006,4(9):1--6.
[21]张强,郭传友,张兴旺,等.基于光合作用和抗氧化机制的南方铁杉和褐叶青冈越冬策略研究[J].植物研究,2015,35(2):200-207.Zhang Q,Guo C Y,Zhang X W,et al. Photosynthesis and antioxidant defense strategies in overwintering plants of Tsuga chinensis and Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research,2015,35(2):200-207.
[22]范春雨,张春雨,赵秀海.择伐对吉林蛟河阔叶红松林群落结构及动态的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(20):6668--6678.Fan C Y,Zhang C Y,Zhao X H,et al. Effects of selective harvest on community structure and dynamics in a mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Jiaohe,Jilin Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(20):6668--6678.