典型工业炸药耐热性实验研究
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摘要
针对工业炸药实际应用于露天深孔煤矿火区高温爆破的现状,在实验室规模下模拟高温炮孔加热技术,用这种实验技术来分析两种典型添加物质对铵油炸药热分解特性的影响,以及对比铵油炸药、乳化炸药和水胶炸药耐高温性能。研究结果表明:相对于其他两种工业炸药,铵油炸药的耐热性能更好,更适用于火区高温爆破;在铵油炸药中添加5%(质量分数)NH_4Cl,分解反应峰温度降低了24.8℃,并且缩短了样品到达恒定的烘箱温度的时间,NH_4Cl的加入显著降低了铵油炸药的耐热性;在铵油炸药中添加5%(质量分数)Na_2SO_4,延长了样品到达恒定的烘箱温度的时间,提高了铵油炸药的耐温性能。结果为耐热工业炸药配方设计提供了依据。
Aiming at application of industrial explosives in the high temperature blasting in the fire zone of open-pit deep coal mine, simulated high temperature blast hole heating technology was studied. This experimental technique was used to analyze the effect of two typical additives on thermal decomposition characteristics of ammonium explosives, and performances of high temperature resistance of ammonium explosives, emulsion explosives and water gel explosives were compared. The results show that, compared with the other two kinds of industrial explosives, ammonium explosive exhibits better high temperature resistance, and thus is more suitable for high temperature blasting in the fire area. Adding 5% NH_4Cl to ammonium explosive decreased the peak temperature in thermal decomposition reaction by 24.8 ℃, and it also shortens the time of samples to reach the constant temperature of the oven, indicating that the addition of NH_4Cl significantly reduces the heat resistance of the ammonium explosive. Adding 5% Na_2SO_4 to ammonium explosive, time of the ammonium explosive to arrive at the same constant temperature as the oven has been expanded, and it has improved the heat resistance of ammonium explosive. It provides a basis for the design of heat-resistant industrial explosives.
Aiming at application of industrial explosives in the high temperature blasting in the fire zone of open-pit deep coal mine, simulated high temperature blast hole heating technology was studied. This experimental technique was used to analyze the effect of two typical additives on thermal decomposition characteristics of ammonium explosives, and performances of high temperature resistance of ammonium explosives, emulsion explosives and water gel explosives were compared. The results show that, compared with the other two kinds of industrial explosives, ammonium explosive exhibits better high temperature resistance, and thus is more suitable for high temperature blasting in the fire area. Adding 5% NH_4Cl to ammonium explosive decreased the peak temperature in thermal decomposition reaction by 24.8 ℃, and it also shortens the time of samples to reach the constant temperature of the oven, indicating that the addition of NH_4Cl significantly reduces the heat resistance of the ammonium explosive. Adding 5% Na_2SO_4 to ammonium explosive, time of the ammonium explosive to arrive at the same constant temperature as the oven has been expanded, and it has improved the heat resistance of ammonium explosive. It provides a basis for the design of heat-resistant industrial explosives.
引文
[1] 徐庆兰. 特种炸药在军事及民用爆破中的应用[J]. 火炸药,1989(1):30-32.
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[6] 张杰, 郝新民,马伟,等. 高温炮孔爆破的安全处理探讨[J]. 工程爆破, 2013, 19(1/2): 102-104,111.ZHANG J, HAO X M, MA W, et al. Discussion on the safe disposal of the high temperature hole blasting[J].Engineering Blasting, 2013, 19(1/2): 102-104,111.
[7] 黄亚峰, 王晓峰, 冯晓军,等. 高温耐热炸药的研究现状与发展[J]. 爆破器材, 2012, 41(6): 1-4.HUANG Y F, WANG X F, FENG X J, et al. Preset research and perspective of the high-temperature heat-resistance explosive[J]. Explosive Materials, 2012, 41(6): 1-4.
[8] 刘玉福. 黑岱沟露天煤矿高温抛掷爆破孔降温处理[J]. 煤矿安全, 2010(10): 65-67.
[9] 叶晓辉, 吴超, 李孜军,等. 硫化矿床开采中炸药自爆危险性的实验研究[J].矿冶工程, 2011, 31(3): 13-17.YE X H, WU C, LI Z J, et al. Experimental study on risk of spontaneous explosion of explosive in mining sulfide deposit[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2011, 31(3): 13-17.
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[11] PROULX R P, SCOVIRA D S. Drilling and blasting in hot and reactive ground conditions at Barrick Goldstrike's Meikle mine[J].CIM Bulletin,2001,94(1052): 71-75.
[12] RICKMAN D D. Improved thermocouple armoring technique for blast/shock environments[C]//Proceedings of the 44th International Instrumentation Symposium. ISA,1998:695-702.
[13] TANAKA K J, TANAKA S, SAWADA T. Development of heat resistant industrial explosives[J]. Science and Technology of Energetic Materials, 2002, 63(4):144-150.
[14] SAWADA T, KUROKAWA K, SUMIYA F, et al. Development of heat resistant emulsion explosives[C]//International Society of Explosives Engineers.Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Explosives and Blasting Research.1992: 73-82.
[15] TANAKA K J, TANAKA S, SAWADA T, et al. Study of heat resistant commercial explosives[C]//International Society of Explosives Engineers.Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique. 2003:175-183.
[16] 王国利. 硫化矿爆破安全技术的发展[J]. 工程爆破, 1997, 3(2): 65-68.WANG G L. Development of blasting safety technology for sulfide mines[J]. Engineering Blasting, 1997, 3(2): 65-68.
[17] 谢作军. 添加物对ANFO热稳定性影响的实验研究[D]. 淮南: 安徽理工大学, 2017.XIE Z J. Experimental study on the effect of additives on the thermal stability of ANFO[D].Huainan: Anhui University of Science and Technology,2017.
[18] HAN Z, SACHDEVA S, PAPADAKI M I, et al. Effects of inhibitor and promoter mixtures on ammonium nitrate fertilizer explosion hazards[J]. Thermochimica Acta, 2016,624:69-75.
[19] TURCOTTE R, LIGHTFOOT P D, FOCHARD R, et al. Thermal hazard assessment of AN and AN-based explosives[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2003,101(1):1-27.
[20] XU S, TAN L, LIU J P, et al. Cause analysis of spontaneous combustion in an ammonium nitrate emulsion explosive[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2016,43:181-188.
[21] WANG K, XU S, LIU D B, et al. Research on the cri-tical temperature of thermal decomposition for large cartridge emulsion explosives[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2015,38:199-203.
[2] 郑炳旭. 中国高温介质爆破研究现状与展望[J]. 爆破, 2010, 27(3): 13-17.ZHENG B X. Current status and prospect of high-tempe-rature blasting research in China[J]. Blasting, 2010, 27(3): 13-17.
[3] 蔡建德. 露天煤矿高温区爆破安全作业技术研究[J]. 工程爆破, 2013, 19(1/2): 92-95.CAI J D. Security technology of high temperature blasting in open pit coal mine[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2013, 19(1/2): 92-95.
[4] 许晨, 李克民, 李晋旭,等. 露天煤矿高温火区爆破的安全技术探究[J]. 露天采矿技术, 2010 (4): 73-75,89.XU C, LI K M, LI J X, et al. Security technology research on high-temperature fire area blasting in surface mine[J]. Opencast Mining Technology, 2010(4): 73-75,89.
[5] 束学来. 露天煤矿火区爆破若干问题研究[D]. 淮南: 安徽理工大学, 2015.SHU X L. Study on several issues of blasting in opencost coal mine fire area[D]. Huainan:Anhui University of Science and Technology, 2015.
[6] 张杰, 郝新民,马伟,等. 高温炮孔爆破的安全处理探讨[J]. 工程爆破, 2013, 19(1/2): 102-104,111.ZHANG J, HAO X M, MA W, et al. Discussion on the safe disposal of the high temperature hole blasting[J].Engineering Blasting, 2013, 19(1/2): 102-104,111.
[7] 黄亚峰, 王晓峰, 冯晓军,等. 高温耐热炸药的研究现状与发展[J]. 爆破器材, 2012, 41(6): 1-4.HUANG Y F, WANG X F, FENG X J, et al. Preset research and perspective of the high-temperature heat-resistance explosive[J]. Explosive Materials, 2012, 41(6): 1-4.
[8] 刘玉福. 黑岱沟露天煤矿高温抛掷爆破孔降温处理[J]. 煤矿安全, 2010(10): 65-67.
[9] 叶晓辉, 吴超, 李孜军,等. 硫化矿床开采中炸药自爆危险性的实验研究[J].矿冶工程, 2011, 31(3): 13-17.YE X H, WU C, LI Z J, et al. Experimental study on risk of spontaneous explosion of explosive in mining sulfide deposit[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2011, 31(3): 13-17.
[10] HOLLIDAY J R, MARCUM W. A blasting plan for loading hot holes[C]//International Society of Explosives Engineers. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique. Oralando, US,1996,2:78-88.
[11] PROULX R P, SCOVIRA D S. Drilling and blasting in hot and reactive ground conditions at Barrick Goldstrike's Meikle mine[J].CIM Bulletin,2001,94(1052): 71-75.
[12] RICKMAN D D. Improved thermocouple armoring technique for blast/shock environments[C]//Proceedings of the 44th International Instrumentation Symposium. ISA,1998:695-702.
[13] TANAKA K J, TANAKA S, SAWADA T. Development of heat resistant industrial explosives[J]. Science and Technology of Energetic Materials, 2002, 63(4):144-150.
[14] SAWADA T, KUROKAWA K, SUMIYA F, et al. Development of heat resistant emulsion explosives[C]//International Society of Explosives Engineers.Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Explosives and Blasting Research.1992: 73-82.
[15] TANAKA K J, TANAKA S, SAWADA T, et al. Study of heat resistant commercial explosives[C]//International Society of Explosives Engineers.Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique. 2003:175-183.
[16] 王国利. 硫化矿爆破安全技术的发展[J]. 工程爆破, 1997, 3(2): 65-68.WANG G L. Development of blasting safety technology for sulfide mines[J]. Engineering Blasting, 1997, 3(2): 65-68.
[17] 谢作军. 添加物对ANFO热稳定性影响的实验研究[D]. 淮南: 安徽理工大学, 2017.XIE Z J. Experimental study on the effect of additives on the thermal stability of ANFO[D].Huainan: Anhui University of Science and Technology,2017.
[18] HAN Z, SACHDEVA S, PAPADAKI M I, et al. Effects of inhibitor and promoter mixtures on ammonium nitrate fertilizer explosion hazards[J]. Thermochimica Acta, 2016,624:69-75.
[19] TURCOTTE R, LIGHTFOOT P D, FOCHARD R, et al. Thermal hazard assessment of AN and AN-based explosives[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2003,101(1):1-27.
[20] XU S, TAN L, LIU J P, et al. Cause analysis of spontaneous combustion in an ammonium nitrate emulsion explosive[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2016,43:181-188.
[21] WANG K, XU S, LIU D B, et al. Research on the cri-tical temperature of thermal decomposition for large cartridge emulsion explosives[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2015,38:199-203.