环境规制对京津冀工业发展的门槛效应
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摘要
选取京津冀区域13个城市相关面板数据,测算各城市的环境规制强度。运用普通面板模型和门槛回归模型,验证环境规制与工业产业发展的关系、门槛效应和城市空间异质性特征。结果表明:(1)环境规制对京津冀工业发展总体产生负效应,产业低水平建设、科技创新能力较低等在一定程度上抑制了区域工业发展,基础设施建设起积极促进作用;(2)随着环境规制强度由弱变强,对京津冀区域工业发展产生先抑制、后促进的影响,且表现出双门槛特征和空间异质性;(3)基于双门槛特征的京津冀城市"强""中""弱"3个规制组的划分,识别产业优化发展路径。从制定地区差异化的环境规制、促进控制型与激励型环境规制相结合、建立环境规制区域产业协调机制3个方面提出对策建议。
Environmental regulation is a kind of endogenous incentives which can effectively promote the highend development of the industry through the imposition of environmental constraints on micro-enterprises. Meantime,it produced the reverse force effect of promoting industrial upgrading. Based on the panel data of 13 cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the environmental regulation intensity of each city was measured. Then the common panel model and threshold regression model were established to examine the effect of environmental regulation,the threshold characteristics and the spatial heterogeneity on industrial development. The results showed that:( 1) Environmental regulation had a negative effect on the overall industrial development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.To a certain extent,the low level of industrial construction and the low technological innovation capability had inhibited the regional industrial development. However,the steady progress of infrastructure had played a positive role in promoting.( 2) When using the intensity of industrial pollution as the threshold parameter,with the regulation strength increasing,its influence trajectory on industrial development would turn to be inhibiting first,then promoting in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Meantime,it showed the double threshold characteristics and spatial heterogeneity.( 3) Based on the characteristics of double threshold,cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are divided into "strong","medium"and "weak"regulatory groups to identify the industrial optimization development path. On this basis,some suggestions were put forward based on above research with respect to adjusting the environmental regulation of designated areas,promoting the combination of control and incentive environment,and establishing the regional coordination mechanism of environmental regulation.
Environmental regulation is a kind of endogenous incentives which can effectively promote the highend development of the industry through the imposition of environmental constraints on micro-enterprises. Meantime,it produced the reverse force effect of promoting industrial upgrading. Based on the panel data of 13 cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the environmental regulation intensity of each city was measured. Then the common panel model and threshold regression model were established to examine the effect of environmental regulation,the threshold characteristics and the spatial heterogeneity on industrial development. The results showed that:( 1) Environmental regulation had a negative effect on the overall industrial development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.To a certain extent,the low level of industrial construction and the low technological innovation capability had inhibited the regional industrial development. However,the steady progress of infrastructure had played a positive role in promoting.( 2) When using the intensity of industrial pollution as the threshold parameter,with the regulation strength increasing,its influence trajectory on industrial development would turn to be inhibiting first,then promoting in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Meantime,it showed the double threshold characteristics and spatial heterogeneity.( 3) Based on the characteristics of double threshold,cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are divided into "strong","medium"and "weak"regulatory groups to identify the industrial optimization development path. On this basis,some suggestions were put forward based on above research with respect to adjusting the environmental regulation of designated areas,promoting the combination of control and incentive environment,and establishing the regional coordination mechanism of environmental regulation.
引文
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[9]何慧爽.环境质量、环境规制与产业结构优化——基于中国东、中、西部面板数据的实证分析[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(1):105-110.
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[14]张文彬,张理芃,张可云.中国环境规制强度省际竞争形态及其演变——基于两区制空间DURBIN固定效应模型的分析[J].管理世界,2010(12):34-44.
[15]傅京燕,李丽莎.环境规制、要素禀赋与产业国际竞争力的实证研究——基于中国制造业的面板数据[J].管理世界,2010(10):87-98.
[16]许士春.环境管制与企业竞争力——基于“波特假说”的质疑[J].国际贸易问题,2007(5):78-83.
[17]金碚.资源环境管制与工业竞争力关系的理论研究[J].中国工业经济,2009(3):5-17.
[18] HANSEN B E. Threshold Effects in Non-dynamic Panels:Estimation,Testing and Inference[J]. Journal of Econometrics,1999,93(3):345-368.
(1)利用2004-2016年人民币对美元平均汇率将外商直接投资换算为百万元人民币进行计算。
[2] TRIEBSWETTER U,HITCHENS D. The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Competitiveness in the German Manufacturing Industry:A Comparison with Other Countries of the European Union[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2005,13(7):733-745.
[3] RASSIER D G,EARNHART D. The Effect of Clean-water Regulation on Profitability:Testing the Porter Hypothesis[J]. Land Economics,2010,86(2):329-344.
[4] DUTTAN,NARAYANAN K. Impact of Environmental Regulation on Technical Efficiency:A Study of Chemical Industry in and around Mumbai[J]. Science,Technology&Society,2011,16(3):333-350.
[5] PORTER M E. VAN DER LINDE C. Toward A New Conception of the Environment Competitiveness Relationship[J]. Journal of Economic Perspectives,1995,9(4):97-118.
[6] KUMAR S,MURTY M N. Win-win Opportunities and Environmental Regulation:Testing of Porter Hypothesis for Indian Manufacturing Industries[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2003(67):139-144.
[7]张成,于同申,郭路.环境规制影响了中国工业的生产率吗——基于DEA与协整分析的实证检验[J].经济理论与经济管理,2010(3):11-17.
[8]原毅军,谢荣辉.环境规制的产业结构调整效应研究——基于中国省际面板数据的实证检验[J].中国工业经济,2014(8):57-69.
[9]何慧爽.环境质量、环境规制与产业结构优化——基于中国东、中、西部面板数据的实证分析[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(1):105-110.
[10]李创.环境管制对河南省煤炭企业竞争力的影响研究[J].地域研究与开发,2013,32(1):134-137.
[11]沈能.环境效率、行业异质性与最优规制强度——中国工业行业面板数据的非线性检验[J].中国工业经济,2012(3):56-68.
[12] BEN KHEDER S,ZUGRAVU-SOILITA N. The Pollution Haven Hypothesis:A Geographic Economy Model in A Comparative Study[R]. Paris:Universitéde Paris,2008.
[13] DOMAZLICKY B R,WEBER W L. Does Environmental Protection Lead to Slower Productivity Growth in the Chemical Industry[J]. Environmental and Resource Economics,2004,28(3):301-324.
[14]张文彬,张理芃,张可云.中国环境规制强度省际竞争形态及其演变——基于两区制空间DURBIN固定效应模型的分析[J].管理世界,2010(12):34-44.
[15]傅京燕,李丽莎.环境规制、要素禀赋与产业国际竞争力的实证研究——基于中国制造业的面板数据[J].管理世界,2010(10):87-98.
[16]许士春.环境管制与企业竞争力——基于“波特假说”的质疑[J].国际贸易问题,2007(5):78-83.
[17]金碚.资源环境管制与工业竞争力关系的理论研究[J].中国工业经济,2009(3):5-17.
[18] HANSEN B E. Threshold Effects in Non-dynamic Panels:Estimation,Testing and Inference[J]. Journal of Econometrics,1999,93(3):345-368.
(1)利用2004-2016年人民币对美元平均汇率将外商直接投资换算为百万元人民币进行计算。