钾盐对发射药静态燃烧烟焰性能的影响
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摘要
为研究钾盐对发射药静态燃烧烟焰性能的影响,以含钾盐的发射药样品为对象,采用单幅放大彩色摄影法、微热电偶测温法以及双光路透射率系统,研究了硫酸钾(K2SO4)、硝酸钾(KNO3)、新型有机钾盐(DK、HK、LK、JK和PK)等对发射药燃烧时的火焰形貌、火焰峰温、烟雾可见光透光率的影响。结果表明,无机钾盐K2SO4对发射药静态燃烧火焰大小和峰温的抑制效果最好,但会使发射药静态燃烧时的烟雾可见光透过率大大降低;高氧含量的新型有机钾盐DK、HK及LK对发射药静态燃烧火焰大小和峰温有较好的抑制效果,并且含新型有机钾盐的发射药静态燃烧时的烟雾可见光透过率较高,3种含高氧含量钾盐(LK、DK和HK)的发射药的烟雾可见光透过率均大于50%;钾盐的粒径从104μm减小到5μm时,消焰效果得到提高,但烟雾可见光透过率的变化规律并不一致。
To study the effect of potassium salts on the smoke and flame characteristics during static combustion of gun propellant,taking the gun propellant samples containing potassium salt as the object,the effects of potassium sulfate,potassium nitrate,new organic potassium salts(DK,HK,LK,JK and PK)on the flame morphology,flame peak temperature and the visible light transmittance of smoke during gun propellant combustion were researched by using single amplification photography,micro thermocouple temperature measurement method and double light path transmission system.The results show that the inorganic potassium salt K_2SO_4 has the best inhibition effect on the size and peak temperature of flame for the static combustion of gun propellant,but it can make the visible light transmittance of smoke greatly reduce for the static combustion of gun propellant.The organic potassium salts DK,HK and LK with high oxygen content have better inhibition effect on the size and peak temperature of flame for the static combustion of gun propellant.Besides,the visible light transmittance of smoke for the static combustion of propellant containing organic potassium salt is relatively high.The visible light transmittance of smoke for three kinds of the propellant containing organic potassium salt with high oxygen content(LK,DK and HK)is greater than 50%.When the particle size of the potassium salts is reduced from 104 μm to 5 μm,the antiflash effect is improved,but the change of the visible light transmittance of smoke is not consistent.
To study the effect of potassium salts on the smoke and flame characteristics during static combustion of gun propellant,taking the gun propellant samples containing potassium salt as the object,the effects of potassium sulfate,potassium nitrate,new organic potassium salts(DK,HK,LK,JK and PK)on the flame morphology,flame peak temperature and the visible light transmittance of smoke during gun propellant combustion were researched by using single amplification photography,micro thermocouple temperature measurement method and double light path transmission system.The results show that the inorganic potassium salt K_2SO_4 has the best inhibition effect on the size and peak temperature of flame for the static combustion of gun propellant,but it can make the visible light transmittance of smoke greatly reduce for the static combustion of gun propellant.The organic potassium salts DK,HK and LK with high oxygen content have better inhibition effect on the size and peak temperature of flame for the static combustion of gun propellant.Besides,the visible light transmittance of smoke for the static combustion of propellant containing organic potassium salt is relatively high.The visible light transmittance of smoke for three kinds of the propellant containing organic potassium salt with high oxygen content(LK,DK and HK)is greater than 50%.When the particle size of the potassium salts is reduced from 104 μm to 5 μm,the antiflash effect is improved,but the change of the visible light transmittance of smoke is not consistent.
引文
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[8]Friedman R,Levy J B.Inhibition of opposed-jet methaneair diffusion flames.The effects of alkali metal vapours and orgenic halides[J].Combustion and Flame,1977(7):195-201.
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[10]Cohen A,Decker L.Chemical mechanism for secondary flash suppression[C]∥18th Symposium(international)on Combustion.Pittaburgh:The Combustion Institute,1981,23:225-231.
[2]任务正,王泽山.火炸药理论与实践[M].北京:中国北方化学工业总公司,2001.
[3]王琼林,刘少武,吴建军.钝感剂对发射药枪口烟雾特性影响的研究[J].火炸药学报,1998,21(3):17-19.WANG Qiong-lin,LIU Shao-wu,WU Jian-jun.Study on effect of deterrents on gun muzzle smoke[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants(Huozhayao Xuebao),1998,21(3):17-19.
[4]王琼林,刘少武,谭惠民,等.具有洁净燃烧特征的高分子钝感枪药[J].火炸药学报,2003,26(4):5-7.WANG Qiong-lin,LIU Shao-wu,TAN Hui-min,et al.Study on the clear-burning gun propellant[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants(Huozhayao Xuebao),2003,26(4):5-7.
[5]刘波,郑双,刘少武,等.消焰剂降低枪口火焰的研究[J].含能材料,2012,20(1):80-82.LIU Bo,ZHENG Shuang,LIU Shao-wu,et al.Research of reducing the muzzle flame by flame inhibitor[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2012,20(1):80-82.
[6]陈斌,王琼林,姬月萍,等.偶氮四唑钾的合成表征及其对枪口烟焰的抑制[J].含能材料,2014,22(4):478-481.CHEN Bin,WANG Qiong-lin,JI Yue-ping,et al.Synthesis and characterization of cotassium 5,5′-azotetrazolate and its effect on reducing muzzle flame and smoke[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2014,22(4):478-481.
[7]吉丽坤,张丽华.高分子消焰剂聚(N-丙烯酰基-甘氨酸钾)的合成及表征[J].化学推进剂与高分子材料,2010,8(3):46-48.Jl Li-kun,ZHANG Li-hua.Synthesis and characteristics of poly(Potassium N-Acryloyl-Giycinate)as macro molecular flame inhibitor[J].Chemical Propellants&Polymeric Materials,2010,8(3):46-48.
[8]Friedman R,Levy J B.Inhibition of opposed-jet methaneair diffusion flames.The effects of alkali metal vapours and orgenic halides[J].Combustion and Flame,1977(7):195-201.
[9]McHale E T.Flame inhibition by potassiume compounds[J].Combustion and Flame,1975,(7):277-279.
[10]Cohen A,Decker L.Chemical mechanism for secondary flash suppression[C]∥18th Symposium(international)on Combustion.Pittaburgh:The Combustion Institute,1981,23:225-231.