基于多卫星遥感的东北地区霾污染时空特征研究
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摘要
利用多卫星(MODIS、CALIPSO、VIIRS)观测的气溶胶产品、地面空气质量监测数据和气象资料,获取了东北地区2006—2015年期间气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)的季节和年际变化特征,并对2014年10月14日东北地区一次典型重霾污染过程的特征及其潜在传输路径进行了深入讨论.研究结果显示,自2008年起东北地区灰霾污染范围扩大且污染程度加剧,呈带状空间分布(营口-长春-哈尔滨);区域内AOD值呈春、秋和冬季高,夏季低的时间变化特征.采用CALIPSO星载激光雷达数据与MODIS、VIIRS卫星获取的AOD开展综合分析,可有效弥补MODIS、VIIRS卫星因冬季积雪亮地表干扰所产生的AOD缺省区域,增强对长期积雪覆盖地区霾污染的时空特征分析能力.与反映霾污染空间分布范围更广的VIIRS卫星相比,MODIS卫星AOD值与东北地区地面观测获取的AQI、PM10和PM2.5相关系数更高,分别为0.89、0.73和0.83.进一步研究结果显示,秋末冬初东北地区的霾污染事件与农作物秸秆焚烧有关,同时,华北地区灰霾污染可跨越渤海湾传输至东北地区,进一步形成更大尺度的带状区域污染.
Multi-satellites derived aerosol optical depth( AOD)( i. e.,MODIS,VIIRS and CALIPSO),ground-level-observed air quality data and meteorological data from 2006 to 2015 were used to explore the spatial and temporal distribution of regional air pollution in Northeastern China.A typical haze event in autumn( i.e.,October 14,2014) was further investigated to verify the regional pollution characteristics and its potential transport trajectories.The results showed a clearly tendency that the increased air pollution was gradually formed a " haze belt " over the region of "Yingkou-ChangchunHaerbin"since 2008 in Northeastern China. Furthermore,the regional air quality in spring( Apirl and May) and winter( November to March) were obviously worse than it in autumn( September and October) and summer( June to August). With the comprehensive analysis of the AOD data fromCALIPSO,MODIS and VIIRS,it could effectively fill the gap that the AOD cannot be retrieved over the bright snow surface for MODIS and VIIRS,and could reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics of haze pollution for long-time snow covered areas. Although the VIIRS AOD showed wider spatial distribution of haze pollution,MODIS AOD was more relevant to the observed AQI( r = 0.89),PM10( r= 0.73) and PM2.5( r= 0.83).Straw burning in early winter is most likely to be the primary emission source to effect the heavy haze events.In addition,the haze pollution in northern China( including BeijingTianjing-Hebei region) can be transported to Northeastern China across the Bohai Bay to form larger scale trans-regional pollution.
Multi-satellites derived aerosol optical depth( AOD)( i. e.,MODIS,VIIRS and CALIPSO),ground-level-observed air quality data and meteorological data from 2006 to 2015 were used to explore the spatial and temporal distribution of regional air pollution in Northeastern China.A typical haze event in autumn( i.e.,October 14,2014) was further investigated to verify the regional pollution characteristics and its potential transport trajectories.The results showed a clearly tendency that the increased air pollution was gradually formed a " haze belt " over the region of "Yingkou-ChangchunHaerbin"since 2008 in Northeastern China. Furthermore,the regional air quality in spring( Apirl and May) and winter( November to March) were obviously worse than it in autumn( September and October) and summer( June to August). With the comprehensive analysis of the AOD data fromCALIPSO,MODIS and VIIRS,it could effectively fill the gap that the AOD cannot be retrieved over the bright snow surface for MODIS and VIIRS,and could reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics of haze pollution for long-time snow covered areas. Although the VIIRS AOD showed wider spatial distribution of haze pollution,MODIS AOD was more relevant to the observed AQI( r = 0.89),PM10( r= 0.73) and PM2.5( r= 0.83).Straw burning in early winter is most likely to be the primary emission source to effect the heavy haze events.In addition,the haze pollution in northern China( including BeijingTianjing-Hebei region) can be transported to Northeastern China across the Bohai Bay to form larger scale trans-regional pollution.
引文
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Ma X,Bartlett K,Harmon K,et al.2012.Comparison of AOD between CALIPSO and MODIS:significant differences over major dust and biomass burning regions[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,5(6):8343-8367
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沈仙霞.2014.基于CALIPSO卫星的区域气溶胶特性研究[D].上海:华东师范大学
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薛志钢,刘妍,柴发合,等.2011.城市空气污染指数改进方案及论证[J].环境科学研究,24(2):125-132
Yang T,Wang X,Wang Z,et al.2012.Gravity-current driven transport of haze from North China Plain to Northeast China in winter 2010-Part I:observations[J].Sola,8:13-16
于大江,吴艳玲,李竑积,等.2014.东北主要城市的空气质量长期变化特征[J].环境化学,33(6):956-961
俞学曾,张远航,朱彤,等.2006.第十四届全国大气环境学术会议论文集:大气环境科学技术学科发展报告[C].北京:中国环境科学学会
张云海,马雁军,王扬锋.2010.辽宁中部地区灰霾天气气候环境特征[J].生态环境学报,19(5):1114-1118
Du H,Kong L,Cheng T,et al.2011.Insights into summertime haze pollution events over Shanghai based on online water-soluble ionic composition of aerosols[J].Atmospheric Environment,45(29):5131-5137
贺克斌,杨复沫,段凤魁.2011.大气颗粒物与区域复合污染[M].北京:科学出版社
洪也,马雁军,李潮流,等.2011.沈阳冬季灰霾日大气颗粒物元素粒径分布特征[J].环境科学研究,24(6):637-644
洪也,周德平,齐颖,等.2010.东北地区气溶胶质量浓度分布特征[J].干旱地理,33(2):224-230
胡蝶,张镭,沙莎,等.2013.西北地区MODIS气溶胶产品的对比应用分析[J].干旱气象,31(4):677-683
江琪,孙业乐,王自发,等.2013.应用颗粒物化学组分监测仪(ACSM)实时在线测定致霾细粒子无机和有机组分[J].科学通报,58(36):3818-3828
Kittaka C,Winker D M,Vaughan M A,et al.2011.Intercomparison of column aerosol optical depths from CALIPSO and MODIS-Aqua[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,4(2):183-186
李成才,毛节泰,刘启汉,等.2003.利用MODIS研究中国东部地区气溶胶光学厚度的分布和季节变化特征[J].科学通报,48(19):2094-2100
刘贞.2013.基于A-Train卫星资料对中国北方地区气溶胶时空分布的研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学
Liu Z,Liu D,Huang J,et al.2008.Airborne dust distributions over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas derived from the first year of CALIPSO lidar observations[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,8(16):5045-5060
Ma X,Bartlett K,Harmon K,et al.2012.Comparison of AOD between CALIPSO and MODIS:significant differences over major dust and biomass burning regions[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,5(6):8343-8367
马雁军,王江山,王扬锋,等.2008.辽宁中部城市群可吸入颗粒物PM10和PM2.5的污染特征研究[J].气象与环境学报,24(5):11-15
毛节泰,李成才,张军华,等.2002.MODIS卫星遥感北京地区气溶胶光学厚度及与地面光度计遥感的对比[J].应用气象学报,13(l):127-135
Sayer A M,Hsu N C,Bettenhausen C,et al.2013.Validation and uncertainty estimates for MODIS Collection 6"Deep Blue"aerosol data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-atmspheres,118(14):7864-7872
Schueler C F,Lee T F,Miller S D.2013.VIIRS constant spatial-resolution advantages[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,34(16):5761-5777
沈仙霞.2014.基于CALIPSO卫星的区域气溶胶特性研究[D].上海:华东师范大学
Thomason L W,Pitts M C,Winker D M.2007.CALIPSO observations o stratospheric aerosols:a preliminary assessment[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,7(20):5283-5290
Vermote E,Justice C,Csiszar I.2014.Early evalution of the VIIRScalibration,cloud mask and surface reflectance Earth data records[J].Remote Sensing of Environmet,158(6):134-145
吴兑.2008.大城市区域霾与雾的区别和灰霾天气预警信号发布[J]环境科学与技术,31(9):1-7
薛志钢,刘妍,柴发合,等.2011.城市空气污染指数改进方案及论证[J].环境科学研究,24(2):125-132
Yang T,Wang X,Wang Z,et al.2012.Gravity-current driven transport of haze from North China Plain to Northeast China in winter 2010-Part I:observations[J].Sola,8:13-16
于大江,吴艳玲,李竑积,等.2014.东北主要城市的空气质量长期变化特征[J].环境化学,33(6):956-961
俞学曾,张远航,朱彤,等.2006.第十四届全国大气环境学术会议论文集:大气环境科学技术学科发展报告[C].北京:中国环境科学学会
张云海,马雁军,王扬锋.2010.辽宁中部地区灰霾天气气候环境特征[J].生态环境学报,19(5):1114-1118