西安市猕猴桃主产区农药残留风险评估
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摘要
目的通过对西安市猕猴桃进行系统的农药残留情况及膳食暴露风险分析,明确猕猴桃农药残留风险状况。方法对2018年西安市周至县14个猕猴桃主产乡镇共200批次样品进行农药残留定量检测分析,用每日允许摄入量和急性参考剂量进行慢性膳食摄入风险评估和急性膳食摄入风险评估,利用猕猴桃大份餐、每日允许摄入量和人均参考体重计算最大残留限量估计值。并参照兽药残留风险排序矩阵方法(英国兽药残留委员会)对农药和样品进行风险排序。结果 200个猕猴桃样品中有137个样品检出了农药残留,未有超标农药和禁用农药检出;在检出的14种农药中,慢性膳食摄入风险和急性膳食摄入风险均值远远小于100%;将14种检出农药按照风险得分分为Ⅲ类,第Ⅰ类为高等风险农药,共1种;第Ⅱ类为中等风险农药,共0种;第Ⅲ类为低等风险农药,共有13种;以风险指数排序,低风险样品占35.5%,极低风险样品占64.5%,检出农药残留种类为3个以上的样品有占比5.5%,检出农药残留种类为1～2个的样品占比61.5%,未检出农药残留有66个样品,占比33%。结论西安市周至县猕猴桃农药残留处于低风险状态,但仍然要加强日常监管工作。
Objective To determine the risk of pesticide residues in kiwifruit by systematically analyzing pesticide residues and dietary exposure risks of kiwifruit in Xi'an city. Methods A total of 200 batches of 14 kiwifruit main producing towns in Zhouzhi county of Xi'an city in 2018, were tested for pesticide residue quantitative analysis. The acceptable daily intake and acute reference dose were used for risk assessment of chronic dietary intake and acute dietary intake risk assessment. Maximum residue limit estimates were calculated by using kiwi large meals,acceptable daily intake and per capita reference weight. The risk sequencing of pesticides and samples was carried out according to the veterinary drug residue risk sequencing matrix method(UK Veterinary Drug Residue Committee).Results Among 137 samples of 200 kiwifruit samples, pesticide residues were detected, and no over-standard pesticides and banned pesticides were detected. Among the 14 pesticides detected, the average risk of chronic dietary intake and acute dietary intake was much less than 100%. Totally 14 kinds of detected pesticides were classified into Ⅲ classes according to risk scores, Class Ⅰ was a higher risk pesticide(1 species), Class Ⅱ was a medium risk pesticide(0 species), and Class Ⅲ was a lower risk pesticide(13 species). According to the risk index, low-risk samples accounted for 35.5% and extremely low-risk samples accounted for 64.5%; samples with more than 3 pesticide residues detected accounted for 5.5%, samples with 1-2 pesticide residues detected accounted for 61.5%,and there were 66 samples with no pesticide residues detected, accounting for 33%. Conclusion The pesticide residues of kiwifruit in zhouzhi county of Xi'an city are in a low-risk state, but daily supervision should still be strengthened.
Objective To determine the risk of pesticide residues in kiwifruit by systematically analyzing pesticide residues and dietary exposure risks of kiwifruit in Xi'an city. Methods A total of 200 batches of 14 kiwifruit main producing towns in Zhouzhi county of Xi'an city in 2018, were tested for pesticide residue quantitative analysis. The acceptable daily intake and acute reference dose were used for risk assessment of chronic dietary intake and acute dietary intake risk assessment. Maximum residue limit estimates were calculated by using kiwi large meals,acceptable daily intake and per capita reference weight. The risk sequencing of pesticides and samples was carried out according to the veterinary drug residue risk sequencing matrix method(UK Veterinary Drug Residue Committee).Results Among 137 samples of 200 kiwifruit samples, pesticide residues were detected, and no over-standard pesticides and banned pesticides were detected. Among the 14 pesticides detected, the average risk of chronic dietary intake and acute dietary intake was much less than 100%. Totally 14 kinds of detected pesticides were classified into Ⅲ classes according to risk scores, Class Ⅰ was a higher risk pesticide(1 species), Class Ⅱ was a medium risk pesticide(0 species), and Class Ⅲ was a lower risk pesticide(13 species). According to the risk index, low-risk samples accounted for 35.5% and extremely low-risk samples accounted for 64.5%; samples with more than 3 pesticide residues detected accounted for 5.5%, samples with 1-2 pesticide residues detected accounted for 61.5%,and there were 66 samples with no pesticide residues detected, accounting for 33%. Conclusion The pesticide residues of kiwifruit in zhouzhi county of Xi'an city are in a low-risk state, but daily supervision should still be strengthened.
引文
[1]周至猕猴桃[EB/OL].[2018-07-09].https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%91%A8%E8%87%B3%E7%8C%95%E7%8C%B4%E6%A1%83/10234242?fr=aladdin.Zhouzhi kiwifruit[EB/OL].[2018-07-09].https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%91%A8%E8%87%B3%E7%8C%95%E7%8C%B4%E6%A1%83/10234242?fr=aladdin.
[2]张志恒,汤涛,徐浩,等.果蔬中氯吡脲残留的膳食摄入风险评估[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(10):1982-1991.Zhang ZH,Tang T,Xu H,et al.Residues and dietary intake risk assessment of dithianon and pyraclostrobin in the jujube[J].Sci Agric Sin,2012,45(10):1982-1991.
[3]刘河疆,康露,华震宇,等.新疆鲜食葡萄产区农药残留风险评估[J].江西农业大学学报,2018,40(4):714-724.Liu HJ,Kang L,Hua ZY,et al.Risk assessment of pesticide residues in xinjiang table grape producing areas[J].J Jiangxi Agric Univ,2018,40(4):714-724.
[4]乔浩,孙小凤,韩燕,等.柴达木地区枸杞农药残留风险评估[J].农产品质量与安全,2017,(5):38-43.Qiao H,Sun XF,Han Y,et al.Risk assessment of pesticide residues in qaidam[J].Qual Saf Agro-Prod,2017,(5):38-43.
[5]聂继云,李志霞,刘传德,等.苹果农药残留风险评估[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(18):3655-3667.Nie JY,Li ZX,Liu CD,et al.Risk assessment of pesticide residues in apples[J].Sci Agric Sin,2014,47(18):3655-3667.
[6]GB 2763-2016食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量[S].GB 2763-2016 National food safety standard-Maximum residue limits for pesticides in food[S].
[7]王冬群,华晓霞.慈溪市葡萄农药残留膳食摄入风险评估[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2017,8(3):1018-1024.Wang DQ,Hua XX.Dietary intake risk assessment of pesticide residues on grape in Cixi city[J].J Food Saf Qual,2017,8(3):1018-1024.
[8]NY/T 761-2008蔬菜和水果中有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯类农药多残留的测定[S].NY/T 761-2008 Pesticide multiresidue screen methods for determination of organophosphorus pesticides,organochlorine pesticides,pyrethroid pesticides and carbamate pesticides in vegetables and fruits[S].
[9]GB/T 20769-2008水果和蔬菜中450种农药及相关化学品残留量的测定液相色谱-串联质谱法[S].GB/T 20769-2008 Determination of 450 pesticides and related chemicals residues in fruit and vegetables-Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[S].
[10]GB 23200.8-2016食品安全国家标准水果和蔬菜中500种农药及相关化学品残留量的测定气相色谱-质谱法[S].GB 23200.8-2016 National food safety standards-Determination of 500pesticides and related chemicals residues in fruits and vegetables-Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[S].
[11]GB 23200.20-2016食品安全国家标准食品中阿维菌素残留量的测定液相色谱-质谱/质谱法[S].GB 23200.20-2016 National food safety standards-Determination of abamectin residue in foods-Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry[S].
[12]中国猕猴桃产业发展现状分析[EB/OL].[2018-07-21].http://wemedia.ifeng.com/70189235/wemedia.shtml.Analysis on the development status of Chinese kiwifruit industry[EB/OL].[2018-07-21].http://wemedia.ifeng.com/70189235/wemedia.shtml.
[13]Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO).Submission and evaluation of pesticide residues data for estimation of maximum residue levels in food and feed(FAO plant production and protection paper 197)[Z].
[14]WHO(World Health Organization).A template for the automatic calculation of the IESTI[Z].
[15]高仁君,陈隆智,张文吉.农药残留急性膳食风险评估研究进展[J].食品科学,2007,(2):363-368.Gao RJ,Chen LZ,Zhang WJ.Review on pesticide residues acute dietary risk assessment[J].Food Sci,2007,(2):363-368.
[16]赵慧宇,杨桂玲,叶贵标,等.急性膳食风险评估在农药残留限量标准制定中的应用[J].浙江农业科学,2018,59(9):1600-1602,1606.Zhao HY,Yang GL,Ye GB,et al.Application of acute dietary risk assessment in formulation of pesticide residue limit standard[J].Zhejiang Agric Sci,2018,59(9):1600-1602,1606.
[17]The Veterinary Residues Committee-Matrix Ranking Subgroup.Minutes of the meeting held on Wednesday 4 September 2018 at the VMD[EB/OL].[2014-1-16].http://www.vmd.defra.gov.uk/VRC/pdf/papers/2013/vrc1334.pdf.
[18]The Veterinary Residues Committee.Annual Report on Surveillance for Veterinary Residues in Food in the UK 2010[EB/OL].[2014-1-16].http://www.vmd.defra.gov.uk/VRC/pdf/reports/vRCAR2010.PDF.
[19]Inventory of evaluations performed by the Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues(JMPR)[Z].
[20]路永莉.秦岭北麓小流域猕猴桃园氮素营养与调控[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.Lu YL.Nitrogen nutrition and regulation of macaque peach orchard in small watershed at the north of qinling mountains[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2017.
[21]金水高.中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告之十:2002营养与健康状况数据集[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.Jin SG.The tenth report of nutrition and health status for china residents:Data sets for nutrition and health status 2002[M].Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2008.
[22]王运儒,邓有展,陈永森,等.广西荔枝农药残留现状及膳食风险评估[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(9):1804-1810.Wang YR,Deng YZ,Chen YS,et al.State and dietary intake risk assessment of pesticide residue in litchi in Guangxi[J].J Southern Agric,2018,49(9):1804-1810.
[23]孙向东,兰静,张瑞英,等.黑木耳质量安全风险隐患摸底排查与风险评估[J].农产品质量与安全,2018,(6):8-12.Sun XD,Lan J,Zhang RY,et al.Black fungus quality safety risk screening and risk assessment[J].Qual Saf Agro-Prod,2018,(6):8-12.
[24]韩礼星,黄贞光,李明,等.加入WTO后我国猕猴桃产业的发展策略[J].果树学报,2003,(3):218-223.Han LX,Huang ZG,Li M,et al.On the strategies for the development of kiwifruit industry in China after accessed to WTO[J].J Fruit Trees,2003,(3):218-223.
[25]农业部种植业管理局,农业部农药检定所.新编农药手册第2版[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2014.Crop Production Bureau of Ministry of Agriculture.Pesticide testing institute of ministry of agriculture.New pesticide handbook Version 2[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2014.
[26]李太平.我国农药最大残留限量标准过严的实证分析[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(9):358-361,365.Li TP.A positive analysis of excessively rigorous proof of the standards about maximum residue limits for pesticide in agri-food[J].Sci Technol Food Ind,2012,33(9):358-361,365.
[27]白伟,姜军侠,朱岁层,等.陕西眉县猕猴桃农药使用现状及存在问题分析[J].农药科学与管理,2018,39(3):20-25.Bai W,Jiang JX,Zhu SC,et al.Status and problems of kiwi pesticide application in Meixian county,Shaanxi province[J].Pestic Sci Manag,2018,39(3):20-25.
[28]任艳玲,王涛,王勇,等.鲜食猕猴桃国内外农药最大残留限量标准研究[J].世界农业,2018,(6):49-56,215.Ren YL,Wang T,Wang Y,et al.Study on the maximum pesticide residue limits of fresh kiwifruit at home and abroad[J].World's Agric,2018,(6):49-56,215.
[2]张志恒,汤涛,徐浩,等.果蔬中氯吡脲残留的膳食摄入风险评估[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(10):1982-1991.Zhang ZH,Tang T,Xu H,et al.Residues and dietary intake risk assessment of dithianon and pyraclostrobin in the jujube[J].Sci Agric Sin,2012,45(10):1982-1991.
[3]刘河疆,康露,华震宇,等.新疆鲜食葡萄产区农药残留风险评估[J].江西农业大学学报,2018,40(4):714-724.Liu HJ,Kang L,Hua ZY,et al.Risk assessment of pesticide residues in xinjiang table grape producing areas[J].J Jiangxi Agric Univ,2018,40(4):714-724.
[4]乔浩,孙小凤,韩燕,等.柴达木地区枸杞农药残留风险评估[J].农产品质量与安全,2017,(5):38-43.Qiao H,Sun XF,Han Y,et al.Risk assessment of pesticide residues in qaidam[J].Qual Saf Agro-Prod,2017,(5):38-43.
[5]聂继云,李志霞,刘传德,等.苹果农药残留风险评估[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(18):3655-3667.Nie JY,Li ZX,Liu CD,et al.Risk assessment of pesticide residues in apples[J].Sci Agric Sin,2014,47(18):3655-3667.
[6]GB 2763-2016食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量[S].GB 2763-2016 National food safety standard-Maximum residue limits for pesticides in food[S].
[7]王冬群,华晓霞.慈溪市葡萄农药残留膳食摄入风险评估[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2017,8(3):1018-1024.Wang DQ,Hua XX.Dietary intake risk assessment of pesticide residues on grape in Cixi city[J].J Food Saf Qual,2017,8(3):1018-1024.
[8]NY/T 761-2008蔬菜和水果中有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯类农药多残留的测定[S].NY/T 761-2008 Pesticide multiresidue screen methods for determination of organophosphorus pesticides,organochlorine pesticides,pyrethroid pesticides and carbamate pesticides in vegetables and fruits[S].
[9]GB/T 20769-2008水果和蔬菜中450种农药及相关化学品残留量的测定液相色谱-串联质谱法[S].GB/T 20769-2008 Determination of 450 pesticides and related chemicals residues in fruit and vegetables-Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[S].
[10]GB 23200.8-2016食品安全国家标准水果和蔬菜中500种农药及相关化学品残留量的测定气相色谱-质谱法[S].GB 23200.8-2016 National food safety standards-Determination of 500pesticides and related chemicals residues in fruits and vegetables-Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[S].
[11]GB 23200.20-2016食品安全国家标准食品中阿维菌素残留量的测定液相色谱-质谱/质谱法[S].GB 23200.20-2016 National food safety standards-Determination of abamectin residue in foods-Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry[S].
[12]中国猕猴桃产业发展现状分析[EB/OL].[2018-07-21].http://wemedia.ifeng.com/70189235/wemedia.shtml.Analysis on the development status of Chinese kiwifruit industry[EB/OL].[2018-07-21].http://wemedia.ifeng.com/70189235/wemedia.shtml.
[13]Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO).Submission and evaluation of pesticide residues data for estimation of maximum residue levels in food and feed(FAO plant production and protection paper 197)[Z].
[14]WHO(World Health Organization).A template for the automatic calculation of the IESTI[Z].
[15]高仁君,陈隆智,张文吉.农药残留急性膳食风险评估研究进展[J].食品科学,2007,(2):363-368.Gao RJ,Chen LZ,Zhang WJ.Review on pesticide residues acute dietary risk assessment[J].Food Sci,2007,(2):363-368.
[16]赵慧宇,杨桂玲,叶贵标,等.急性膳食风险评估在农药残留限量标准制定中的应用[J].浙江农业科学,2018,59(9):1600-1602,1606.Zhao HY,Yang GL,Ye GB,et al.Application of acute dietary risk assessment in formulation of pesticide residue limit standard[J].Zhejiang Agric Sci,2018,59(9):1600-1602,1606.
[17]The Veterinary Residues Committee-Matrix Ranking Subgroup.Minutes of the meeting held on Wednesday 4 September 2018 at the VMD[EB/OL].[2014-1-16].http://www.vmd.defra.gov.uk/VRC/pdf/papers/2013/vrc1334.pdf.
[18]The Veterinary Residues Committee.Annual Report on Surveillance for Veterinary Residues in Food in the UK 2010[EB/OL].[2014-1-16].http://www.vmd.defra.gov.uk/VRC/pdf/reports/vRCAR2010.PDF.
[19]Inventory of evaluations performed by the Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues(JMPR)[Z].
[20]路永莉.秦岭北麓小流域猕猴桃园氮素营养与调控[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.Lu YL.Nitrogen nutrition and regulation of macaque peach orchard in small watershed at the north of qinling mountains[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2017.
[21]金水高.中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告之十:2002营养与健康状况数据集[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.Jin SG.The tenth report of nutrition and health status for china residents:Data sets for nutrition and health status 2002[M].Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2008.
[22]王运儒,邓有展,陈永森,等.广西荔枝农药残留现状及膳食风险评估[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(9):1804-1810.Wang YR,Deng YZ,Chen YS,et al.State and dietary intake risk assessment of pesticide residue in litchi in Guangxi[J].J Southern Agric,2018,49(9):1804-1810.
[23]孙向东,兰静,张瑞英,等.黑木耳质量安全风险隐患摸底排查与风险评估[J].农产品质量与安全,2018,(6):8-12.Sun XD,Lan J,Zhang RY,et al.Black fungus quality safety risk screening and risk assessment[J].Qual Saf Agro-Prod,2018,(6):8-12.
[24]韩礼星,黄贞光,李明,等.加入WTO后我国猕猴桃产业的发展策略[J].果树学报,2003,(3):218-223.Han LX,Huang ZG,Li M,et al.On the strategies for the development of kiwifruit industry in China after accessed to WTO[J].J Fruit Trees,2003,(3):218-223.
[25]农业部种植业管理局,农业部农药检定所.新编农药手册第2版[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2014.Crop Production Bureau of Ministry of Agriculture.Pesticide testing institute of ministry of agriculture.New pesticide handbook Version 2[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2014.
[26]李太平.我国农药最大残留限量标准过严的实证分析[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(9):358-361,365.Li TP.A positive analysis of excessively rigorous proof of the standards about maximum residue limits for pesticide in agri-food[J].Sci Technol Food Ind,2012,33(9):358-361,365.
[27]白伟,姜军侠,朱岁层,等.陕西眉县猕猴桃农药使用现状及存在问题分析[J].农药科学与管理,2018,39(3):20-25.Bai W,Jiang JX,Zhu SC,et al.Status and problems of kiwi pesticide application in Meixian county,Shaanxi province[J].Pestic Sci Manag,2018,39(3):20-25.
[28]任艳玲,王涛,王勇,等.鲜食猕猴桃国内外农药最大残留限量标准研究[J].世界农业,2018,(6):49-56,215.Ren YL,Wang T,Wang Y,et al.Study on the maximum pesticide residue limits of fresh kiwifruit at home and abroad[J].World's Agric,2018,(6):49-56,215.