微压过滤冲洗池的污物处理能力研究
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摘要
针对目前处理地表水中污物难的问题,提出了微压过滤冲洗池,并进行了动水试验。试验结果表明:微压过滤冲洗池可以处理泥沙、锯末、树叶、草籽等污物;当含沙量范围为3.1~3.6、13.9~14.4及20.6~21.1 kg/m3时,微压过滤冲洗池的过滤时间分别达到420、60、10 min时开始排污;微压过滤冲洗池的泥沙去除率在80%以上,泥沙粒径范围为0.15~1 mm时,级效率达到100%,中值粒径D50由0.23 mm变为0.058 mm左右,粗端粒径D98由0.97 mm变为0.13 mm左右,从泥沙去除率、级效率、过滤前后的泥沙粒径变化可知,微压过滤冲洗池的污物处理能力很高,过滤后的水满足灌溉需水和水质要求;水箱中的水深随过滤时间的变化规律包含3个阶段,即水深恒定、水深快速增加和水深急速增加阶段。并在试验结果的基础上,对过滤网不易堵塞的机理进行了初步分析。
Aiming at the problems of sewage treatment in surface water,a kind of pool of filtering and washing under Micro-pressure( PFWMP) is proposed in this paper. Meanwhile,an experimental study is conducted. The results show that: the PFWMP can filter sand,saw dust,leaves,grass seed and other sewage; when the range of sediment concentration is 3.1 ~ 3.6,13.9 ~ 14.4 and 20.6 ~ 21.1 kg / m~3,the PFWMP starts blowdown when the filtration time reaches 420,60 and 10 min,respectively; the sediment removal rate of the PFWMP is over80%; the stage efficiency is 100% when the sediment particle size is from 0.15 to 0.1 mm; the median diameter D50 turns from 0.23 mm to about 0.058 mm; the D98 turns from 0.97 mm to about 0.13 mm. According to sediment removal rate,stage efficiency and variation of sand diameter,the sewage treatment capacity of PFWMP is very high. The filtered water meets the requirements of irrigation water quality. Water depth variation in the tank along with filtration time contains three stages: constant water depth,water depth rapidly increased and water depth fast increased. In the end,on the basis of the experiment results,the mechanism of not-easy blocking filter screen is preliminarily analyzed.
Aiming at the problems of sewage treatment in surface water,a kind of pool of filtering and washing under Micro-pressure( PFWMP) is proposed in this paper. Meanwhile,an experimental study is conducted. The results show that: the PFWMP can filter sand,saw dust,leaves,grass seed and other sewage; when the range of sediment concentration is 3.1 ~ 3.6,13.9 ~ 14.4 and 20.6 ~ 21.1 kg / m~3,the PFWMP starts blowdown when the filtration time reaches 420,60 and 10 min,respectively; the sediment removal rate of the PFWMP is over80%; the stage efficiency is 100% when the sediment particle size is from 0.15 to 0.1 mm; the median diameter D50 turns from 0.23 mm to about 0.058 mm; the D98 turns from 0.97 mm to about 0.13 mm. According to sediment removal rate,stage efficiency and variation of sand diameter,the sewage treatment capacity of PFWMP is very high. The filtered water meets the requirements of irrigation water quality. Water depth variation in the tank along with filtration time contains three stages: constant water depth,water depth rapidly increased and water depth fast increased. In the end,on the basis of the experiment results,the mechanism of not-easy blocking filter screen is preliminarily analyzed.
引文
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[16]陶洪飞,邱秀云,何照青,等.含沙量对分离鳃的水沙分离影响试验[J].水电能源科学,2013,31(7):93-95.
[2]王军,刘焕芳,成玉彪,等.国内微灌用过滤器的研究与发展现状综述[J].节水灌溉,2003,(5):34-35.
[3]杨晓军,刘飞,吴玉秀,等.新疆农田节水灌溉系统首部过滤设备选型探讨[J].中国农村水利水电,2014,(5):76-80.
[4]叶成恒.典型过滤器水力学特性及其对泥沙处理能力研究[D].北京:中国科学院,2010.
[5]刘飞.微灌自清洗网式过滤器运行特性研究[D].新疆石河子:石河子大学,2011.
[6]宗全利,刘飞,刘焕芳,等.大田滴灌自清洗网式过滤器水头损失试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(16):86-92.
[7]Wenyong WU,Wei CHEN,Honglu LIU,et al.A new model for head loss assessment of screen filters developed with dimensional analysis in drip irrigation systems[J].Irrig.and Drain.,2014,(63):523-531.
[8]刘飞,刘焕芳,宗全利,等.自清洗网式过滤器水头损失和排污时间研究[J].农业机械报,2013,44(5):127-134.
[9]Thokal R T,Raghavendra A G,Suresh N M,et al.Effect of sand particle size and concentration on performance of screen filter in trickle irrigation[J].An-nals of Arid Zone,2004,43(1):65-71.
[10]刘焕芳,刘飞,谷趁趁,等.自清洗网式过滤器水力性能试验[J].排灌机械工程学报,2012,(2):203-208.
[11]Avner Adin,Giora Alon.Mechanisms and process parameters of filter screens[J].Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1996,4(293):112-115.
[12]阿力甫江·阿不里米提,虎胆·吐马尔白,马合木江·艾合买提,等.直冲洗鱼雷网式过滤器内流场的数值模拟[J].节水灌溉,2014,(10):6-10.
[13]崔春亮,阿不都沙拉木,申祥民,等.自主研发的叠片过滤器与国外同类产品的性能比较研究[J].节水灌溉,2010,(12):16-18.
[14]申祥民,阿不都沙拉木,崔春亮,等.自主研发的大流量叠片过滤器的性能分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2011,(4):85-87.
[15]陶洪飞,邱秀云,王苗.基于数值模拟的分离鳃水沙分离效率及机理分析[J].节水灌溉,2015,(2):66-71.
[16]陶洪飞,邱秀云,何照青,等.含沙量对分离鳃的水沙分离影响试验[J].水电能源科学,2013,31(7):93-95.