黄河三角洲不同林龄柽柳人工林土壤养分及生物学特性研究
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摘要
以黄河三角洲为例,对3种不同林龄(8a、6a、3a)柽柳人工林进行研究,采用野外调查采样和室内分析相结合的方法,探讨了不同林龄柽柳人工林土壤养分、微生物数量及酶活性的变化特征及其相互关系。结果表明:土壤pH值随着林龄的增加呈降低趋势,随土层深度的增加呈升高趋势。8a的土壤有机质和养分含量显著高于3a林地(P<0.05)。土壤微生物数量及酶活性均随林龄的增加而增加,其中微生物数量中以细菌数量最多,放线菌次之,真菌最少,8a林地的微生物数量、土壤过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶及蔗糖酶活性均显著高于3a林地(P<0.05),8a林地的土壤脲酶活性显著高于6a和3a(P<0.05)。从土壤剖面看,土壤养分含量、微生物数量及酶活性均随土层深度的増加而递减,且表层土的各指标与深层土差异显著(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,土壤微生物数量及酶活性均与土壤pH值呈负相关,微生物中除真菌数量与有机质、铵态氮、有效磷、速效钾养分指标未达到显著相关外,其它均与土壤有机质、养分达到显著正相关。土壤磷酸酶与有机质呈显著正相关,其它3种土壤酶活性与土壤各养分含量之间均达到极显著正相关。
By the methods of field investigation and laboratory analysis,we studied the change characteristics and correlations of soil nutrient,microbial biomass and enzyme activity of Tamarix chinensis plantations with different ages( 8 a,6 a and 3 a) in Yellow River delta. The results indicated that the soil pH values were decreased with the increasing of stand ages,and increased with the increase of soil depth. The contents of soil organic matter,ammonium N,nitrate N,available P and available K in 8-year-old plantations were significantly higher than those in 3-year-old plantations( P < 0. 05). Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity were increased the increasing of stand ages,and the soil microbial biomass decreased in the order of bacteria > actinomycete >fungi. In addition,the soil microbial biomass and the activities of soil catalase,phosphatase and invertase in 8-year-old plantations were significantly higher than those in 3-year-old plantations( P < 0. 05),while the soil urease activities in 8-year-old plantations were remarkably higher than those in the other aged plantations( P< 0. 05). Moreover,the soil nutrient content,microbial biomass and enzyme activity were decreased with increasing soil depth,and there were significant differences in all the indexes between surface and deep soil( P <0. 05). Furthermore,soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity were negatively related to soil pH values. Except the fungi,which did not show significant correlation with organic matter,ammonia nitrogen,available p,available k nutrient indices,other microorganism showed significant positive correlation with the soil nutrient. The soil phosphatase activities were positively correlated with soil organic matter content,and soil nutrient contents were positively related to the activities of soil catalase,catalase and invertase.
By the methods of field investigation and laboratory analysis,we studied the change characteristics and correlations of soil nutrient,microbial biomass and enzyme activity of Tamarix chinensis plantations with different ages( 8 a,6 a and 3 a) in Yellow River delta. The results indicated that the soil pH values were decreased with the increasing of stand ages,and increased with the increase of soil depth. The contents of soil organic matter,ammonium N,nitrate N,available P and available K in 8-year-old plantations were significantly higher than those in 3-year-old plantations( P < 0. 05). Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity were increased the increasing of stand ages,and the soil microbial biomass decreased in the order of bacteria > actinomycete >fungi. In addition,the soil microbial biomass and the activities of soil catalase,phosphatase and invertase in 8-year-old plantations were significantly higher than those in 3-year-old plantations( P < 0. 05),while the soil urease activities in 8-year-old plantations were remarkably higher than those in the other aged plantations( P< 0. 05). Moreover,the soil nutrient content,microbial biomass and enzyme activity were decreased with increasing soil depth,and there were significant differences in all the indexes between surface and deep soil( P <0. 05). Furthermore,soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity were negatively related to soil pH values. Except the fungi,which did not show significant correlation with organic matter,ammonia nitrogen,available p,available k nutrient indices,other microorganism showed significant positive correlation with the soil nutrient. The soil phosphatase activities were positively correlated with soil organic matter content,and soil nutrient contents were positively related to the activities of soil catalase,catalase and invertase.
引文
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[14]张立华,陈沛海,李健,等.黄河三角洲柽柳植株周围土壤盐分离子的分布[J].生态学报,2016,36(18):1-9.
[15]王震宇,赵芳芳,张保国,等.黄河三角洲盐生植物氮和磷的根际效应[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(10):33-38.
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[19]王长庭,龙瑞军,曹广民,等.三江源地区主要草地类型土壤碳氮沿海拔变化特征及其影响因素[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(3):441-449.
[20]肖慈英,阮宏华,屠六邦.宁镇山区不同森林土壤生物学特性的研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(9):1077-1081.
[21]胡斌,段昌群,王震洪,等.植被恢复措施对退化生态系统土壤酶活性及肥力的影响[J].土壤学报,2002,39(4):604-608.
[22]马晓飞,楚新正,马倩.艾比湖地区融雪期梭梭和柽柳林地土壤酶活性研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(14):138-145.
[23]李春艳,李传荣,许景伟,等.泥质海岸防护林土壤微生物、酶与土壤养分的研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):156-159.
[24]Bending G D,Turner M K,Jones J E.Interactions between crop residue and soil organic matter quality and the functional diversity of soil microbial communities[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2002,34:1073-1082.
[25]Margarita S,Fernando G P,Lillian F.Soil microbial indicators sensitive to land use conversion from pastures to commercial Eucalyptus grand is plantations in Uruguay[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2004,27:125-133.
[26]徐秋芳,姜培坤.有机肥对毛竹林间及根区土壤生物化学性质的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,2000,17(4):364-368.
[27]李传荣,许景伟,宋海燕,等.黄河三角洲滩地不同造林模式的土壤酶活性[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(5):802-809.
[2]侯本栋,马风云,宋玉民,等.不同树种对土壤养分、酶活性与微生物影响的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2006,28(5):734-738.
[3]单奇华,张建锋,阮伟建,等.滨海盐碱地土壤质量指标对生态改良的响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(3):6072-6079.
[4]封晓辉,张秀梅,刘小京,等.滨海重盐碱地人工栽植柽柳生长动态及生态效应[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(10):1233-1240.
[5]Hao X M,Chen Y N,Li W H.Indicating appropriate groundwater tables for desert river-bank forest at the Tarim River,Xinjiang,China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2009,152:167-177.
[6]李永涛,王霞,魏海霞,等.盐碱生境模拟下两种柽柳的生理特性研究[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(1):53-58.
[7]雷金银,班乃荣,张永宏,等.柽柳对盐碱土养分与盐分的影响及其区化特征[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(4):73-78.
[8]王树民.加快黄河三角洲造林绿化步伐[J].国土绿化,2002,12(3):18.
[9]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:14-19.
[10]许光辉,谢洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:220-223.
[11]王静娅,张凤华.干旱区典型盐生植被群落土壤养分特征[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(5):235-241.
[12]何秀平,王保栋,谢琳萍.柽柳对盐碱地生态环境的影响[J].海洋科学,2014,38(1):96-101.
[13]Burke I C,Reiners W A,Sturges D L,et al.Herbicide treatment effects on properties of mountain big sagebrush soils after fourteen years[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1987,51(5):1337-1343.
[14]张立华,陈沛海,李健,等.黄河三角洲柽柳植株周围土壤盐分离子的分布[J].生态学报,2016,36(18):1-9.
[15]王震宇,赵芳芳,张保国,等.黄河三角洲盐生植物氮和磷的根际效应[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(10):33-38.
[16]Titus J H,Nowak R S,Smith S D.Soil resource heterogeneity in the Mojave Desert[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2002,52(3):269-292.
[17]王立艳,潘杰,肖辉,等.不同耐盐植物对滨海盐土可溶性盐分运移的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(20):250-254.
[18]温远光,元昌安,李信贤,等.大明山中山植被恢复过程植物物种多样性的变化[J].植物生态学报,1998,22(1):33-40.
[19]王长庭,龙瑞军,曹广民,等.三江源地区主要草地类型土壤碳氮沿海拔变化特征及其影响因素[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(3):441-449.
[20]肖慈英,阮宏华,屠六邦.宁镇山区不同森林土壤生物学特性的研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(9):1077-1081.
[21]胡斌,段昌群,王震洪,等.植被恢复措施对退化生态系统土壤酶活性及肥力的影响[J].土壤学报,2002,39(4):604-608.
[22]马晓飞,楚新正,马倩.艾比湖地区融雪期梭梭和柽柳林地土壤酶活性研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(14):138-145.
[23]李春艳,李传荣,许景伟,等.泥质海岸防护林土壤微生物、酶与土壤养分的研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):156-159.
[24]Bending G D,Turner M K,Jones J E.Interactions between crop residue and soil organic matter quality and the functional diversity of soil microbial communities[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2002,34:1073-1082.
[25]Margarita S,Fernando G P,Lillian F.Soil microbial indicators sensitive to land use conversion from pastures to commercial Eucalyptus grand is plantations in Uruguay[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2004,27:125-133.
[26]徐秋芳,姜培坤.有机肥对毛竹林间及根区土壤生物化学性质的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,2000,17(4):364-368.
[27]李传荣,许景伟,宋海燕,等.黄河三角洲滩地不同造林模式的土壤酶活性[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(5):802-809.