黄河三角洲柽柳灌丛对土壤盐分养分的影响
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摘要
为研究黄河三角洲柽柳灌丛对土壤盐分和养分的影响,以柽柳为研究对象,在固定样地连续调查的基础上,对研究区柽柳灌丛冠下、冠缘和灌丛间的土壤盐分、养分指标和富集率进行了分析。结果表明:柽柳冠下、冠缘表层(0～5 cm)土壤全盐含量小于灌丛间的,易形成"盐谷"效应,而灌丛间易形成"盐岛"效应;柽柳对盐分离子具有选择吸收性,不同盐分离子在冠下、冠缘、灌丛间对于"盐谷"效应、"盐岛"效应的贡献率不同,Cl~-贡献最大,Na~+次之;土壤全盐含量、电导率及钠、钾、钙、镁、氯、硫酸根离子含量具有明显表聚现象;柽柳冠下、冠缘表层(0～5 cm)土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均高于灌丛间的,易形成"肥岛"效应,而灌丛间易形成"肥谷"效应;随着土壤深度的增加,土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷等含量逐渐降低,呈现出明显的表聚特征;柽柳能够有效降低土壤盐分、增加土壤养分而改善土质。
In order to make clear the influence of Tamarix Chinensis to the distribution of soil salinity and soil nutrients,soil samples beneath Tamarix Chinensis crown,on the margin of Tamarix Chinensis crown and bare land in the wetland of the Yellow River delta were collected and analyzed in labs. The differences of salts and nutrients enrichment in different habitats( beneath Tamarix Chinensis crown,under the margin of Tamarix Chinensis crown and in bare land) were compared. The result shows that the concentration of total salinity( Sal) in the surface layer of soil profile( 0-5 cm) beneath the Tamarix Chinensis crown is less than that of bare land,expressing "salt valley"effect.Concentrations in ions of Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)and SO_4~(2-)in the surface layer of soil profile( 0-5 cm) beneath the Tamarix Chinensis crown are higher than that in bare land,disclosing"salt island"effect. Contrastingly,the concentrations in the ions of Cl-,Na+and K+beneath the Tamarix Chinensis crown are lower than that in bare land,revealing"salt valley"effect. Different ions and different distributing characters are determined by selective absorption of Tamarix Chinensis to the ions. Vertically,all of the salt indices including the ions aggregate in the surface layer of soil profile. In the surface layer of soil profile( 0-5 cm),the concentrations in SOM,AN,AP and AK beneath the Tamarix Chinensis crown are much higher than that in bare land,forming"fertile island"effect. Similar to salt indices,vertical distribution of SOM,AN and AP decrease from surface layer to bottom layer. Tamarix chinensis shrub exert significant influence on the distribution of both salinity and nutrients in soil,which reduce soil salinity and increase soil nutrients improving the habitat of new wetland in the Yellow River delta.
In order to make clear the influence of Tamarix Chinensis to the distribution of soil salinity and soil nutrients,soil samples beneath Tamarix Chinensis crown,on the margin of Tamarix Chinensis crown and bare land in the wetland of the Yellow River delta were collected and analyzed in labs. The differences of salts and nutrients enrichment in different habitats( beneath Tamarix Chinensis crown,under the margin of Tamarix Chinensis crown and in bare land) were compared. The result shows that the concentration of total salinity( Sal) in the surface layer of soil profile( 0-5 cm) beneath the Tamarix Chinensis crown is less than that of bare land,expressing "salt valley"effect.Concentrations in ions of Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)and SO_4~(2-)in the surface layer of soil profile( 0-5 cm) beneath the Tamarix Chinensis crown are higher than that in bare land,disclosing"salt island"effect. Contrastingly,the concentrations in the ions of Cl-,Na+and K+beneath the Tamarix Chinensis crown are lower than that in bare land,revealing"salt valley"effect. Different ions and different distributing characters are determined by selective absorption of Tamarix Chinensis to the ions. Vertically,all of the salt indices including the ions aggregate in the surface layer of soil profile. In the surface layer of soil profile( 0-5 cm),the concentrations in SOM,AN,AP and AK beneath the Tamarix Chinensis crown are much higher than that in bare land,forming"fertile island"effect. Similar to salt indices,vertical distribution of SOM,AN and AP decrease from surface layer to bottom layer. Tamarix chinensis shrub exert significant influence on the distribution of both salinity and nutrients in soil,which reduce soil salinity and increase soil nutrients improving the habitat of new wetland in the Yellow River delta.
引文
[1]郭洋,陈波浪,盛建东,等.几种一年生盐生植物的吸盐能力[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):269-276.
[2]唐让云,曹靖,董放,等.淋洗与植物作用耦合对盐渍化土壤的改良效应[J].生态学报,2015,35(17):5686-5694.
[3]李夏,乔木,周生斌.磁化水滴灌对棉田土壤脱盐效果及棉花产量的影响[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(2):431-436.
[4]王振华,衡通,李文昊,等.滴灌条件下排水暗管间距对土壤盐分淋洗的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(8):253-261.
[5]张洁,常婷婷,邵孝侯.暗管排水对大棚土壤次生盐渍化改良及番茄产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(3):81-86.
[6]李显溦,左强,石建初,等.新疆膜下滴灌棉田暗管排盐的数值模拟与分析Ⅱ:模型应用[J].水利学报,2016,47(5):616-625.
[7]刘玉国,杨海昌,王开勇,等.新疆浅层暗管排水降低土壤盐分提高棉花产量[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(16):84-90.
[8]王振华,杨培岭,郑旭荣,等.新疆现行灌溉制度下膜下滴灌棉田土壤盐分分布变化[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(8):149-159.
[9]李显溦,左强,石建初,等.新疆膜下滴灌棉田暗管排盐的数值模拟与分析Ⅰ:模型与参数验证[J].水利学报,2016,47(4):537-544.
[10]刘易,冯耀祖,黄建,等.微咸水灌溉条件下施用不同改良剂对盐渍化土壤盐分离子分布的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(1):146-152.
[11]王学君,董晓霞,董亮,等.盐碱土壤改良剂对盐碱地理化性状的影响[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(7):103-105.
[12]刘瑞敏,杨树青,史海滨,等.河套灌区中度盐渍化土壤改良产品筛选研究[J].土壤,2017,49(4):776-781.
[13]温国昌,徐彦虎,林启美,等.草木樨与脱硫石膏对内蒙古盐渍化土壤的改良培肥作用与效果[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):81-86.
[14]霍龙,逄焕成,卢闯,等.地膜覆盖结合秸秆深埋条件下盐渍土壤呼吸及其影响因素[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(5):1209-1216.
[15]郭凯,张秀梅,刘小京.咸水结冰灌溉下覆膜时间对滨海盐土水盐运移的影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(6):1202-1212.
[16]顾文婷,董喜存,李文建,等.盐渍化土壤改良的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(6):1620-1623.
[17]张立华,陈小兵.盐碱地柽柳“盐岛”和“肥岛”效应及其碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(3):653-658.
[18]王立艳,潘洁,于彩虹,等.天津滨海盐碱地土壤含盐量测定方法的研究[J].天津农业科学,2011,17(5):40-42.
[19]游植粦.土壤速效钾测定方法的比较研究[J].土壤肥料,1992(4):45-48.
[20]弋良朋,马健,李彦.荒漠盐生植物根际土壤盐分和养分特征[J].生态学报,2007,27(9):3565-3571.
[21]何秀平,王保栋,谢琳萍.柽柳对盐碱地生态环境的影响[J].海洋科学,2014,38(1):96-101.
[22]张道远,尹林克,潘伯荣.柽柳泌盐腺结构、功能及分泌机制研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(1):190-194.
[23]雷金银,班乃荣,张永宏,等.柽柳对盐碱土养分与盐分的影响及其区化特征[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(2):73-76.
[24]季洪亮,路艳.滨海盐碱地生态修复效果评价[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(2):301-307.
[25]张立华,陈沛海,李健,等.黄河三角洲柽柳植株周围土壤盐分离子的分布[J].生态学报,2016,36(18):5741-5749.
[26]张鸣,张力,石晓妮,等.民勤绿洲盐生草生境土壤盐分特征及离子组成[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(6):231-235.
[27]郭全恩,王益权,郭天文,等.半干旱地区果园土壤Cl-迁移积累与环境因子的关系[J].核农学报,2009,23(5):853-857.
[28]王玉珍,刘永信,魏春兰,等.6种盐生植物对盐碱地土壤改良情况的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(5):951-952.
[29]尹传华,石秋梅,梁飞,等.塔里木盆地柽柳灌丛沙堆盐分分布特点研究[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(3):287-293.
[30]蒋慧萍,杨维康,胡祚均.荒漠生态系统鼠类对土壤和植被的扰动效应[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(4):561-566.
[31]曹艳峰,丁俊祥,于亚军,等.不同质地土壤中荒漠灌木梭梭“肥岛”的初步探讨[J].土壤学报,2016,53(1):261-270.
[32] LESICA P,DELUCA T H. Is Tamarisk Allelopathic? Plant Soil[J]. Plant and Soil,2004,267(1):357-365.
[33] LADENBURGER C G,HILD A L,KAZMER D J,et al.Soil Salinity Patterns in Tamarix Invasions in the Bighorn Basin,Wyoming,USA[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2006,65(1):111-128.
[34]张莉燕,盛建东,武红旗,等.新疆柽柳立地土壤养分的空间变异特征[J].林业科学,2009,45(3):54-60.
[35]苏永中,赵哈林,张铜会.几种灌木、半灌木对沙地土壤肥力影响机制的研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(7):802-806.
[36]李从娟,雷加强,徐新文,等.树干径流对梭梭“肥岛”和“盐岛”效应的作用机制[J].生态学报,2012,32(15):4819-4826.
[37]刘耘华,杨玉玲,盛建东,等.北疆荒漠植被梭梭立地土壤养分“肥岛”特征研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):545-554.
[2]唐让云,曹靖,董放,等.淋洗与植物作用耦合对盐渍化土壤的改良效应[J].生态学报,2015,35(17):5686-5694.
[3]李夏,乔木,周生斌.磁化水滴灌对棉田土壤脱盐效果及棉花产量的影响[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(2):431-436.
[4]王振华,衡通,李文昊,等.滴灌条件下排水暗管间距对土壤盐分淋洗的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(8):253-261.
[5]张洁,常婷婷,邵孝侯.暗管排水对大棚土壤次生盐渍化改良及番茄产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(3):81-86.
[6]李显溦,左强,石建初,等.新疆膜下滴灌棉田暗管排盐的数值模拟与分析Ⅱ:模型应用[J].水利学报,2016,47(5):616-625.
[7]刘玉国,杨海昌,王开勇,等.新疆浅层暗管排水降低土壤盐分提高棉花产量[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(16):84-90.
[8]王振华,杨培岭,郑旭荣,等.新疆现行灌溉制度下膜下滴灌棉田土壤盐分分布变化[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(8):149-159.
[9]李显溦,左强,石建初,等.新疆膜下滴灌棉田暗管排盐的数值模拟与分析Ⅰ:模型与参数验证[J].水利学报,2016,47(4):537-544.
[10]刘易,冯耀祖,黄建,等.微咸水灌溉条件下施用不同改良剂对盐渍化土壤盐分离子分布的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(1):146-152.
[11]王学君,董晓霞,董亮,等.盐碱土壤改良剂对盐碱地理化性状的影响[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(7):103-105.
[12]刘瑞敏,杨树青,史海滨,等.河套灌区中度盐渍化土壤改良产品筛选研究[J].土壤,2017,49(4):776-781.
[13]温国昌,徐彦虎,林启美,等.草木樨与脱硫石膏对内蒙古盐渍化土壤的改良培肥作用与效果[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):81-86.
[14]霍龙,逄焕成,卢闯,等.地膜覆盖结合秸秆深埋条件下盐渍土壤呼吸及其影响因素[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(5):1209-1216.
[15]郭凯,张秀梅,刘小京.咸水结冰灌溉下覆膜时间对滨海盐土水盐运移的影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(6):1202-1212.
[16]顾文婷,董喜存,李文建,等.盐渍化土壤改良的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(6):1620-1623.
[17]张立华,陈小兵.盐碱地柽柳“盐岛”和“肥岛”效应及其碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(3):653-658.
[18]王立艳,潘洁,于彩虹,等.天津滨海盐碱地土壤含盐量测定方法的研究[J].天津农业科学,2011,17(5):40-42.
[19]游植粦.土壤速效钾测定方法的比较研究[J].土壤肥料,1992(4):45-48.
[20]弋良朋,马健,李彦.荒漠盐生植物根际土壤盐分和养分特征[J].生态学报,2007,27(9):3565-3571.
[21]何秀平,王保栋,谢琳萍.柽柳对盐碱地生态环境的影响[J].海洋科学,2014,38(1):96-101.
[22]张道远,尹林克,潘伯荣.柽柳泌盐腺结构、功能及分泌机制研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(1):190-194.
[23]雷金银,班乃荣,张永宏,等.柽柳对盐碱土养分与盐分的影响及其区化特征[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(2):73-76.
[24]季洪亮,路艳.滨海盐碱地生态修复效果评价[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(2):301-307.
[25]张立华,陈沛海,李健,等.黄河三角洲柽柳植株周围土壤盐分离子的分布[J].生态学报,2016,36(18):5741-5749.
[26]张鸣,张力,石晓妮,等.民勤绿洲盐生草生境土壤盐分特征及离子组成[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(6):231-235.
[27]郭全恩,王益权,郭天文,等.半干旱地区果园土壤Cl-迁移积累与环境因子的关系[J].核农学报,2009,23(5):853-857.
[28]王玉珍,刘永信,魏春兰,等.6种盐生植物对盐碱地土壤改良情况的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(5):951-952.
[29]尹传华,石秋梅,梁飞,等.塔里木盆地柽柳灌丛沙堆盐分分布特点研究[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(3):287-293.
[30]蒋慧萍,杨维康,胡祚均.荒漠生态系统鼠类对土壤和植被的扰动效应[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(4):561-566.
[31]曹艳峰,丁俊祥,于亚军,等.不同质地土壤中荒漠灌木梭梭“肥岛”的初步探讨[J].土壤学报,2016,53(1):261-270.
[32] LESICA P,DELUCA T H. Is Tamarisk Allelopathic? Plant Soil[J]. Plant and Soil,2004,267(1):357-365.
[33] LADENBURGER C G,HILD A L,KAZMER D J,et al.Soil Salinity Patterns in Tamarix Invasions in the Bighorn Basin,Wyoming,USA[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2006,65(1):111-128.
[34]张莉燕,盛建东,武红旗,等.新疆柽柳立地土壤养分的空间变异特征[J].林业科学,2009,45(3):54-60.
[35]苏永中,赵哈林,张铜会.几种灌木、半灌木对沙地土壤肥力影响机制的研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(7):802-806.
[36]李从娟,雷加强,徐新文,等.树干径流对梭梭“肥岛”和“盐岛”效应的作用机制[J].生态学报,2012,32(15):4819-4826.
[37]刘耘华,杨玉玲,盛建东,等.北疆荒漠植被梭梭立地土壤养分“肥岛”特征研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):545-554.