发动机水套缸垫水孔局部参数化优化设计
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摘要
针对发动机水套缸垫水孔布置对冷却液流动影响较大,传统经验优化需要反复实验且主观性强、效率较低的问题,提出了一种缸垫水孔局部参数化的优化方法:建立缸垫水孔局部参数化的水套冷却模型并对该建模方法进行了实验验证;对水套流动及换热进行求解,基于最优拉丁超立方设计和响应面模型(RSM),建立了各关注量与缸垫水孔半径的近似模型并进行了验证;利用该近似模型约束各部分水路流量,以提高鼻梁区对流换热系数(HTC)、降低HTC不均匀度及压损为目标,应用相邻繁殖遗传算法(NCGA)对缸垫水孔的半径进行了优化。研究结果表明:缸垫水孔局部参数化建模方法简单且据实验表明可信度较高;通过实验设计及RSM建立的近似模型能够很好地对各目标值进行预测;利用该近似模型进行优化后,各支路流量分配合理,总压损下降了18.8%,鼻梁区HTC整体提高且不均匀度下降了57.7%。该方法能够一次性得到缸垫水孔的最优解且优化效果显著,避免了传统经验优化的重复性及主观性,效率较高。
A local parametric optimization method for gasket water holes is proposed to solve the problem that traditional experiential optimization methods for gasket water holes need repeated trials,and are of strong subjectivity and low efficiency.Firstly,a cooling model of water jackets for local parametric gasket water holes is established and verified by experiments.Then,the results such as pressure drop,mass flows of cylinder block and oil cooler,and heat transfer coefficient(HTC)of bridge zones are obtained through solution,and an approximation model between the parameters and radiuses of the gasket water holes is established based on the application of optimal Latin hypercube design and response surface model(RSM). The neighborhood cultivation genetic algorithm(NCGA) is applied for the multi-objective optimization of water hole radiuses based on the approximation model.Results show that the local parametric modeling method is simple and has high reliability,and the approximation model predicts target values very well.The performance is high after optimization,e.g.,the mass flow distribution is reasonable,the pressure drop reduces by 18.8%and the non-uniformity of HTC inbridge zone reduces by 57.7%(from 16.3 to 6.9).It is concluded that the proposed method gets the optimal solution of gasket water holes quickly and avoids the repetition and subjectivity of traditional experiential optimization.
A local parametric optimization method for gasket water holes is proposed to solve the problem that traditional experiential optimization methods for gasket water holes need repeated trials,and are of strong subjectivity and low efficiency.Firstly,a cooling model of water jackets for local parametric gasket water holes is established and verified by experiments.Then,the results such as pressure drop,mass flows of cylinder block and oil cooler,and heat transfer coefficient(HTC)of bridge zones are obtained through solution,and an approximation model between the parameters and radiuses of the gasket water holes is established based on the application of optimal Latin hypercube design and response surface model(RSM). The neighborhood cultivation genetic algorithm(NCGA) is applied for the multi-objective optimization of water hole radiuses based on the approximation model.Results show that the local parametric modeling method is simple and has high reliability,and the approximation model predicts target values very well.The performance is high after optimization,e.g.,the mass flow distribution is reasonable,the pressure drop reduces by 18.8%and the non-uniformity of HTC inbridge zone reduces by 57.7%(from 16.3 to 6.9).It is concluded that the proposed method gets the optimal solution of gasket water holes quickly and avoids the repetition and subjectivity of traditional experiential optimization.
引文
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[14]王登峰,卢放.基于多学科优化设计方法的白车身轻量化[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2015,45(1):29-37.WANG Dengfeng,LU Fang.Body-in-white lightweight based on multidisciplinary design optimization[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition),2015,45(1):29-37.
[15]雷德明,严新平.多目标智能优化算法及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:41-50.
[16]郑赟韬,方杰,蔡国飙.应用于工程设计的多目标优化方法比较[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2006,32(7):860-864.ZHENG Yuntao,FANG Jie,CAI Guobiao.Comparison of multi-objective optimization methods on engineering design[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2006,32(7):860-864.
[2]何联格,左正兴,向建华.气缸盖中两相流沸腾换热热机耦合仿真分析[J].西安交通大学学报,2013,47(7):23-28.HE Liange,ZUO Zhengxing,XIANG Jianhua.Cylinder head thermo-mechanical coupling simulation on two-phase flow boiling heat transfer system[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2013,47(7):23-28.
[3]SATHEESH M,STEVE P,ZAFAR S.Coolant velocity correlations in an IC engine coolant jacket[C]∥Proceedings of the SAE 2002 World Congress and Exhibition.Warrendale,PA,USA:SAE International,2002:2002-01-1203.
[4]JIAN Y,JIM C,DANIEL D.Coolant flow optimization in a racing cylinder block and head using CFD analysis and testing[C]∥Proceedings of the 2004SAE Motorsports Engineering Conference and Exposition.Warrendale,PA,USA:SAE International,2004:2004-01-3542.
[5]李宝童,洪军,孙静,等.发动机冷却液流动与传热的数值模拟[J].西安交通大学学报,2009,43(3):17-21.LI Baotong,HONG Jun,SUN Jing,et al.Numerical simulation for flow and heat transfer of engine coolant[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2009,43(3):17-21.
[6]刘巽俊,陈群,李骏,等.车用柴油机冷却系统的CFD分析[J].内燃机学报,2003,21(2):125-129.LIU Xunjun,CHEN Qun,LI Jun,et al.Automotive diesel engine water jacket CFD analysis[J].Transactions of CSICE,2003,21(2):125-129.
[7]雷基林,申立中,陈志娥,等.卧式柴油机冷却水套结构优化与流动特性分析[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(11):19-26.LEI Jilin,SHEN Lizhong,CHEN Zhi’e,et al.A structural optimization cooling water jacket and an analysis of its flow characteristics of new-type horizontal diesel engine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(11):19-26.
[8]张强,王志明.基于CFD的船用柴油机缸体水套设计[J].内燃机学报,2005,23(6):548-553.ZHANG Qiang,WANG Zhiming.Designing of body water jacket by CFD in marine diesel engine[J].Transactions of CSICE,2005,23(6):548-553.
[9]刘维.缸垫分水孔布置对发动机水套速度场和压力场分布影响研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013:31-59.
[10]刘铁刚,李君,高莹.498型柴油机冷却水套优化设计[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2008,38(4):778-781.LIU Tiegang,LI Jun,GAO Ying.Optimization design for water jacket of 498diesel engine[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition),2008,38(4):778-781.
[11]唐刚志,张力,焦志盛.发动机冷却水套设计及改进[J].内燃机工程,2014,35(4):91-96.TANG Gangzhi,ZHANG Li,JIAO Zhisheng.Design and improvement of engine cooling water jacket[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2014,35(4):91-96.
[12]陶文铨.数值传热学[M].2版.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001:333-376.
[13]JONES W P,LAUNDER B E.The prediction of laminarization with a two-equation model of turbulence[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1972,15(2):301-304.
[14]王登峰,卢放.基于多学科优化设计方法的白车身轻量化[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2015,45(1):29-37.WANG Dengfeng,LU Fang.Body-in-white lightweight based on multidisciplinary design optimization[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition),2015,45(1):29-37.
[15]雷德明,严新平.多目标智能优化算法及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:41-50.
[16]郑赟韬,方杰,蔡国飙.应用于工程设计的多目标优化方法比较[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2006,32(7):860-864.ZHENG Yuntao,FANG Jie,CAI Guobiao.Comparison of multi-objective optimization methods on engineering design[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2006,32(7):860-864.