江西“新纪录”桫椤的发现及调查分析
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摘要
桫椤Alsophila spinulosa是中生代古老孑遗物种,国家二级保护植物,该物种首次在江西省赣州市全南县梅子山(N24°45'06″,E114°31'25″)发现并采集标本。主要调查分析梅子山桫椤生长的生态环境、群落各层的地理成分及特点。结果表明:1)梅子山气候和生境特点温暖、潮湿、半阴湿环境; 2)群落各层的地理成分主要是中国华南、华东、西南区系成分,其中乔木层郁闭度为0. 65,优势树种为杉木;灌木层主要有阴香(乔木幼树)、枫香(乔木幼树)、深山含笑(乔木幼树)等19个种,均为零星分布;草本层的盖度达85%,主要优势物种为蕨类植物;乔木、灌木、草本3个层次的种数比例为9∶19∶18; 3)桫椤生长环境特点:多分布于山脚沟透光、半荫又潮湿的洼地,土层深厚的红壤地区,适宜就地保护。本次发现与调查分析为今后江西桫椤的保护和繁育、扩大种群数量、实现迁地保护提供指导信息。
Alsophila spinulosa is an ancient relict species of Mesozoic,which is the second importent protected plant in the country and a first-level protected plant in Meizishan park,Quannan county,Ganzhou city,Jiangxi province( N24°45'06″,E114°31'25″). This paper mainly investigates and analyzes the ecological environment,geographical composition and characteristics of each layer of the community in Meizishan Alsophila spinulosa. The results show: 1) the climate and habitat characteristics of Meizishan are warm,humid and semi-humid environment; 2) the geographical composition of each layer of the community is mainly composed of South-China,East-China and Southwest-China,in which the canopy density of the arbor layer is 0. 65 and the dominant species is Cunninghamia lanceolata. The shrub layer mainly consists of 19 species scattered on the land,such as Cinnamomum burmanni( arbor saplings),Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum( arbor saplings),L formosana Hance( arbor saplings). The coverage of herb layer is up to 85%. And the dominant species is ferns. The proportion of arbor species: shrub species: herb species is 9 ∶19 ∶18. 3) The characteristics of Alsophilaspinulosa growth environment is mostly distributed in a gully depression with light,shade,and moisture,which is deep red-soil area to adopt in situ protection. This discovery and analysis will provide guidance to Jiangxi Alsophila spinulosa in the field of the protection and breeding,the expansion of population,and the realization of resettlement protection.
Alsophila spinulosa is an ancient relict species of Mesozoic,which is the second importent protected plant in the country and a first-level protected plant in Meizishan park,Quannan county,Ganzhou city,Jiangxi province( N24°45'06″,E114°31'25″). This paper mainly investigates and analyzes the ecological environment,geographical composition and characteristics of each layer of the community in Meizishan Alsophila spinulosa. The results show: 1) the climate and habitat characteristics of Meizishan are warm,humid and semi-humid environment; 2) the geographical composition of each layer of the community is mainly composed of South-China,East-China and Southwest-China,in which the canopy density of the arbor layer is 0. 65 and the dominant species is Cunninghamia lanceolata. The shrub layer mainly consists of 19 species scattered on the land,such as Cinnamomum burmanni( arbor saplings),Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum( arbor saplings),L formosana Hance( arbor saplings). The coverage of herb layer is up to 85%. And the dominant species is ferns. The proportion of arbor species: shrub species: herb species is 9 ∶19 ∶18. 3) The characteristics of Alsophilaspinulosa growth environment is mostly distributed in a gully depression with light,shade,and moisture,which is deep red-soil area to adopt in situ protection. This discovery and analysis will provide guidance to Jiangxi Alsophila spinulosa in the field of the protection and breeding,the expansion of population,and the realization of resettlement protection.
引文
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[3]敖光辉.四川省荣县桫椤自然保护区桫椤群落研究[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),2005,42(3):592-598.
[4]敖光辉.我国桫椤研究进展[J].内江师范学院学报,2004(6):79-82.
[5]程治英,陶国达.桫椤濒危原因的探讨[J].植物分类与资源学报,1990,12(2):186-190.
[6]秦建蓉,蓝艳红,肖小君,等.桫椤生物学研究现状分析[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012(9):136-138.
[7]刘仁林.桫椤Alsophila spinulosa(Wall. ex Hook.)R M Tryon[J].南方林业科学,2017(6).
[8]郝云庆,江洪,余树全,等.桫椤植物群落区系进化保守性[J].生态学报,2009,29(8):4102-4111.
[9]傅立国.中国植物红皮书[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[10]刘仁林.南岭北坡:赣南地区种子植物多样性编目和野生果树资源[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2014.
[11]江西植物志编委会.江西植物志[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1993.
[12]国家林业局野生动植物保护和自然保护区管理司.中国珍稀濒危植物图鉴[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2013.
[13]谢宜飞,江军,叶韶华.江西全南种子植物名录[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2015:2-5.
[14]胡春旺.全南县志[M].南昌:江西人民出版社,1995:61-63.