金属氧化物避雷器结构参数对雷电防护影响的有限元分析
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摘要
为了有效利用金属氧化物避雷器(metal oxide surge arrester,简称MOA)进行线路雷电防护,需要准确分析避雷器结构参数对雷击能量与电场的影响。本文利用COMSOL软件建立110kV MOA模型,介绍其材料参数设置及求解方法,对MOA模型进行仿真冲击,并与试验数据进行对比。最后分析避雷器电阻芯直径和高度、绝缘层介电常数和厚度对避雷器吸收能量和电场强度的影响。分析结果表明:COMSOL中建立的MOA模型仿真数据与试验结果较为一致,能较好反映其在雷电流冲击下的响应特性。电阻芯直径越大,避雷器吸收的雷电冲击能量越少;电阻芯高度越高,避雷器吸收的雷电冲击能量越多。绝缘层介电常数的提高和厚度的增加降低了避雷器内部最大电场强度。可以通过有限元法提高避雷器雷电防护参数设计针对性与准确性。
In order to effectively use the metal oxide surge arrester(MOA) for lightning protection of the line, it is necessary to accurately analyze the influence of the structural parameters of the arrester on the lightning energy and the electric field. Simulation model of the 110 kV MO A is established based on COMSOL, material properties and computation method are also introduced. Simulation results under lightning surge are compared with the experimental results. Effects of height and diameter of the ZnO blocks on MOA energy absorption as well as dielectric constant and thickness of the insulation layer on electric field intensity are analyzed. Conclusions are drawn that: simulation model in COMSOL presents good accuracy with the experimental results. Energy absorbed by the MOA increases with the increasing of ZnO blocks height, while deceases with increasing of the ZnO blocks diameter. Electric field intensity in the MOA decreases with the increasing of dielectric constant and thickness of the insulation layer. Virtual testing by means of FEM is effective to verify the performance of the MOA.
In order to effectively use the metal oxide surge arrester(MOA) for lightning protection of the line, it is necessary to accurately analyze the influence of the structural parameters of the arrester on the lightning energy and the electric field. Simulation model of the 110 kV MO A is established based on COMSOL, material properties and computation method are also introduced. Simulation results under lightning surge are compared with the experimental results. Effects of height and diameter of the ZnO blocks on MOA energy absorption as well as dielectric constant and thickness of the insulation layer on electric field intensity are analyzed. Conclusions are drawn that: simulation model in COMSOL presents good accuracy with the experimental results. Energy absorbed by the MOA increases with the increasing of ZnO blocks height, while deceases with increasing of the ZnO blocks diameter. Electric field intensity in the MOA decreases with the increasing of dielectric constant and thickness of the insulation layer. Virtual testing by means of FEM is effective to verify the performance of the MOA.
引文
[1]熊泰昌.电力避雷器[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013.
[2]吴维韩,何金良,高玉明.金属氧化物非线性电阻特性和应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[3]吴广宁.过电压防护的理论与技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2015.
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[6]魏斌,唐跃进,任丽,等.超导磁体脉冲冲击下MOV的破坏特性微观分析[J].高电压技术,2007,33(4):26-29.WEI Bin,TANG Yuejin,REN Li,et al.Microstructure analysis of MOV destroyed by pulse[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(4):26-29.
[7]王辉,何锦强,赵倡皓,等.35 kV金属氧化物避雷器雷电冲击老化性能的研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2014(4):72-77.WANG Hui,HE Jinqiang,ZHAO Changhao,et al.Research of degradation performance of 35 kV MOA under lightning impulses[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2014(4):72-77.
[8]LI M,YUAN J,ZHAO Z.Low-voltage SPD coordination analysis[C].2011 Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning.Chengdu,2011:913-916.
[9]Surge arresters-Part 4:Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c.systems:IEC 60099-4 Amd.2 Ed.2.0Amendment 2[S].
[10]IEEE guide for improving the lightning performance of electric power overhead distribution lines:IEEE Std.1410-2010[S].
[11]PINCETI P,GIANNETTONI M.A simplified model for Zinc oxide surge arresters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1999,14(2):393-398.
[12]何金良,曾嵘.配电线路雷电防护[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.
[13]CHRISTODOULOU C A,ASSIMAKOPOULOU F A.Simulation of metal oxide surge arresters behavior[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2008,6(2):1862-1865.
[14]王刚,安琳.COMSOL Multiphysics工程实践与理论仿真多物理场数值分析技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2012.
[15]IEEE guide for improving the lightning performance of electric power overhead distribution lines:IEEE Std.1410-2010[S].
[16]Protection against lightning-Part 4:Electrical and electronic systems within structures:IEC 62305-4-2006[S].
[17]HAN S J,ZOU J,GU S Q,et al.Calculation of the potential distribution of high voltage metal oxide arrester by using an improved semi-analytic finite element method[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2005,41(5):1392-1395.
[18]阳青.基于改进欧拉法的变电站雷电侵入波过电压研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2012.
[19]陈涌频,孟敏,方宙奇.电磁场数值方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[20]EKONOMOU L,CHRISTODOULOU C A,MLADENOV V.An artificial neural network software tool for the assessment of the electric field around metal oxide surge arresters[J].Neural Computing&Applications,2016,27(5,SI):1143-1148.
[2]吴维韩,何金良,高玉明.金属氧化物非线性电阻特性和应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[3]吴广宁.过电压防护的理论与技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2015.
[4]何金良,刘俊,胡军,等.电力系统避雷器用ZnO压敏电阻研究进展[J].高电压技术,2011,37(3):634-643.HE Jinliang,LIU Jun,HU Jun,et al.Development of ZnO varistors in metal oxide arrestors utilized in ultra high voltage systems[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(3):634-643.
[5]汪涛,齐国权.高压ZnO压敏电阻陶瓷材料研究进展[J].中国陶瓷,2011(12):1-4.WANG Tao,QI Guoquan.The developments of high volt-age ZnO varistors[J].China Ceramics,2011(12):1-4.
[6]魏斌,唐跃进,任丽,等.超导磁体脉冲冲击下MOV的破坏特性微观分析[J].高电压技术,2007,33(4):26-29.WEI Bin,TANG Yuejin,REN Li,et al.Microstructure analysis of MOV destroyed by pulse[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(4):26-29.
[7]王辉,何锦强,赵倡皓,等.35 kV金属氧化物避雷器雷电冲击老化性能的研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2014(4):72-77.WANG Hui,HE Jinqiang,ZHAO Changhao,et al.Research of degradation performance of 35 kV MOA under lightning impulses[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2014(4):72-77.
[8]LI M,YUAN J,ZHAO Z.Low-voltage SPD coordination analysis[C].2011 Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning.Chengdu,2011:913-916.
[9]Surge arresters-Part 4:Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c.systems:IEC 60099-4 Amd.2 Ed.2.0Amendment 2[S].
[10]IEEE guide for improving the lightning performance of electric power overhead distribution lines:IEEE Std.1410-2010[S].
[11]PINCETI P,GIANNETTONI M.A simplified model for Zinc oxide surge arresters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1999,14(2):393-398.
[12]何金良,曾嵘.配电线路雷电防护[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.
[13]CHRISTODOULOU C A,ASSIMAKOPOULOU F A.Simulation of metal oxide surge arresters behavior[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2008,6(2):1862-1865.
[14]王刚,安琳.COMSOL Multiphysics工程实践与理论仿真多物理场数值分析技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2012.
[15]IEEE guide for improving the lightning performance of electric power overhead distribution lines:IEEE Std.1410-2010[S].
[16]Protection against lightning-Part 4:Electrical and electronic systems within structures:IEC 62305-4-2006[S].
[17]HAN S J,ZOU J,GU S Q,et al.Calculation of the potential distribution of high voltage metal oxide arrester by using an improved semi-analytic finite element method[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2005,41(5):1392-1395.
[18]阳青.基于改进欧拉法的变电站雷电侵入波过电压研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2012.
[19]陈涌频,孟敏,方宙奇.电磁场数值方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[20]EKONOMOU L,CHRISTODOULOU C A,MLADENOV V.An artificial neural network software tool for the assessment of the electric field around metal oxide surge arresters[J].Neural Computing&Applications,2016,27(5,SI):1143-1148.