风力机雷电流分布数学模型及其过电压保护问题研究
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摘要
风力机非常容易受到雷电袭击,因此保证风力机安全可靠的运行至关重要,风力机雷电保护的首要步骤是分析风机雷电流分布,基于实际工程中风力发电机结构和相关运行标准,将其几何和材料参数转换为EMTP-ATP软件中的等效电路模型,计算并分析风机雷电流分布和内部过电压问题。针对由于雷电直击风机转子叶片在其内部造成的电压应力问题,通过仿真计算分析了风机电气、IT系统的多种不同类型的过电压,仿真包涵了全变流风力机的电力电子器件分析。最后根据行业标准,通过依次添加保护装置的方法提出了在风力机通信、电气系统、杆塔塔顶、塔基分别加装避雷器的保护方案以减弱风机电气、IT系统的过电压侵害[1]。
Wind turbines are very exposed structures to lightning. A reliable lightning protection system( LPS) for wind turbines is therefore essential. The real structure of a specific standard wind turbine is considered. Based on the geometry and material parameters an equivalent circuit model is developed in EMTP-ATP. Using this model,the current distribution and overvoltages can simply be calculated. In the following paper this model is used to investigate the voltage stresses occurring inside the turbine due to direct lightning strike into a rotor blade. Based on the simulation results different overvoltage concepts for the electrical and IT systems are analyzed including the investigation of the power electronic converter of a full converter wind turbine. Ultimately an overvoltage protection concept is suggested that reduces voltage stresses for the electrical and IT system as well as the power converter according to standard.
Wind turbines are very exposed structures to lightning. A reliable lightning protection system( LPS) for wind turbines is therefore essential. The real structure of a specific standard wind turbine is considered. Based on the geometry and material parameters an equivalent circuit model is developed in EMTP-ATP. Using this model,the current distribution and overvoltages can simply be calculated. In the following paper this model is used to investigate the voltage stresses occurring inside the turbine due to direct lightning strike into a rotor blade. Based on the simulation results different overvoltage concepts for the electrical and IT systems are analyzed including the investigation of the power electronic converter of a full converter wind turbine. Ultimately an overvoltage protection concept is suggested that reduces voltage stresses for the electrical and IT system as well as the power converter according to standard.
引文
[1] Wind turbines Lightning protection. IEC 61400-24[S]:2010.
[2]周婵媛.风力发电机的雷电绕击分析与防护[J].电瓷避雷器,2017(01):77-81ZHOU Chanyuan. Analysis and Protection of Lightning Shielding Failure of Wind Turbine[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2017(01):77-81.
[3] DOMMEL HW. Electro Magnetic Transients Program Reference Manual(EMTP Theory Book)[M]. Portland,Oregon(USA):Bonneville Power Administration,1986.
[4] PRIKLER L. HOIDALEN H K,ATPDRAW for Windows5. 6 Users'Manual[M],[S. L.]:Preliminary Release,2009.
[5]于建国.风电机组防雷改造与案例分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2016(2):135-139.YU Jiangu. Reconstruction and case analysis on lightning protection of wind turbine generators[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2016(2):135-139.
[6]刘守豹,许安,崔涛,等.避雷器在输电线路绕击雷害治理中的应用[J].电瓷避雷器,2014(1):91-96.LIU Shoubao,XU An,CUI Tao,et al. The use of line arrester in transmission line lightning shielding failure protection[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2014(1):91-96.
[7]余光凯,张博,鲁铁成,等.风电场雷电反击暂态计算与分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(6):136-141.YU Guangkai,ZHANG Bo,LU Tiecheng,et al. Transient calculation and analysis on lightning back striking of wind farm[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(6):136-141.
[8]李显强,王建国,王宇,等.风电场电缆集电系统雷电暂态数值计算[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1566-1573.LI Xianqiang,WANG Jianguo,WANG Yu,et al. Lightning transient numerical calculation of cable power collection system in wind power plant[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1566-1573.
[9] Protection against lightning-Part 1:General principles IEC 62305-1:2010.[S].
[10] J. Birkl,E. Shulzhenko,M. Rock,Study of Lightning Current Distribution inside of a Wind Turbine[C],Nagoya,Japan:9th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning(APL),2015.
[11] ISHII M,SAITO M,MIKI T,TANAKA D,SHINDO T,ASAKAWA A, MOTOYAMA H, SUZUHIGASHI Y,TAGUCHI H. Reproduction of electromagnetic field waveforms and tower currents associated with return strokes struck Tokyo skytree[C]. Belo Horizonte,(Brazil):12th International Symposium on Lightning Protection(SIPDA),2013.
[12]郭洁,刘良壁,朱跃.雷电冲击下金属氧化物避雷器动作负荷研究[J].高电压技术,2005,31(2):18-20.GUO Jie,LIU Liangbi,HU Yue. Operation duty of metal oxide surge arresters at lightning surge[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2005,31(2):18-20.
[13]董纪清,陈为,卢增艺.开关电源高频变压器电容效应建模与分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(31):122-126.DONG Jiqing,CHEN Wei,LU Zengyi. Modeling and analysis of capactive effects in high-frequency transformer of SMPS[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(31):122-126.
[14]王辉,何锦强,赵倡皓,等. 35 k V金属氧化物避雷器雷电冲击老化性能的研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2014(4):72-77.WANG Hui,HE Jinqiang,ZHAO Changhao,et al. Research of degradation performance of 35 k V MOA under lightning impulses[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2014(4):72-77.
[15] DE PAIVA A R,SABA MMF,NACCARATO KP,SCHUMANN C,JAQUES R,FERRO M A,FERRO da S. WARNER TA. Detection of upward lightning by lightning location systems[C],Shanghai(China):Proc.32nd International Conference on Lightning Protection(ICLP),2014.
[16]赵海翔,王晓蓉.风电机组雷击过电压分析[J].电网技术,2004,28(4):27-29,72.ZHAO Haixiang,WANG Xiaorong. Overvoltage analysis of wind turbine due to lightning stroke[J]. Power System Technology,2004,28(4):27-29,72.
[2]周婵媛.风力发电机的雷电绕击分析与防护[J].电瓷避雷器,2017(01):77-81ZHOU Chanyuan. Analysis and Protection of Lightning Shielding Failure of Wind Turbine[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2017(01):77-81.
[3] DOMMEL HW. Electro Magnetic Transients Program Reference Manual(EMTP Theory Book)[M]. Portland,Oregon(USA):Bonneville Power Administration,1986.
[4] PRIKLER L. HOIDALEN H K,ATPDRAW for Windows5. 6 Users'Manual[M],[S. L.]:Preliminary Release,2009.
[5]于建国.风电机组防雷改造与案例分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2016(2):135-139.YU Jiangu. Reconstruction and case analysis on lightning protection of wind turbine generators[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2016(2):135-139.
[6]刘守豹,许安,崔涛,等.避雷器在输电线路绕击雷害治理中的应用[J].电瓷避雷器,2014(1):91-96.LIU Shoubao,XU An,CUI Tao,et al. The use of line arrester in transmission line lightning shielding failure protection[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2014(1):91-96.
[7]余光凯,张博,鲁铁成,等.风电场雷电反击暂态计算与分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(6):136-141.YU Guangkai,ZHANG Bo,LU Tiecheng,et al. Transient calculation and analysis on lightning back striking of wind farm[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(6):136-141.
[8]李显强,王建国,王宇,等.风电场电缆集电系统雷电暂态数值计算[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1566-1573.LI Xianqiang,WANG Jianguo,WANG Yu,et al. Lightning transient numerical calculation of cable power collection system in wind power plant[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1566-1573.
[9] Protection against lightning-Part 1:General principles IEC 62305-1:2010.[S].
[10] J. Birkl,E. Shulzhenko,M. Rock,Study of Lightning Current Distribution inside of a Wind Turbine[C],Nagoya,Japan:9th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning(APL),2015.
[11] ISHII M,SAITO M,MIKI T,TANAKA D,SHINDO T,ASAKAWA A, MOTOYAMA H, SUZUHIGASHI Y,TAGUCHI H. Reproduction of electromagnetic field waveforms and tower currents associated with return strokes struck Tokyo skytree[C]. Belo Horizonte,(Brazil):12th International Symposium on Lightning Protection(SIPDA),2013.
[12]郭洁,刘良壁,朱跃.雷电冲击下金属氧化物避雷器动作负荷研究[J].高电压技术,2005,31(2):18-20.GUO Jie,LIU Liangbi,HU Yue. Operation duty of metal oxide surge arresters at lightning surge[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2005,31(2):18-20.
[13]董纪清,陈为,卢增艺.开关电源高频变压器电容效应建模与分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(31):122-126.DONG Jiqing,CHEN Wei,LU Zengyi. Modeling and analysis of capactive effects in high-frequency transformer of SMPS[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(31):122-126.
[14]王辉,何锦强,赵倡皓,等. 35 k V金属氧化物避雷器雷电冲击老化性能的研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2014(4):72-77.WANG Hui,HE Jinqiang,ZHAO Changhao,et al. Research of degradation performance of 35 k V MOA under lightning impulses[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2014(4):72-77.
[15] DE PAIVA A R,SABA MMF,NACCARATO KP,SCHUMANN C,JAQUES R,FERRO M A,FERRO da S. WARNER TA. Detection of upward lightning by lightning location systems[C],Shanghai(China):Proc.32nd International Conference on Lightning Protection(ICLP),2014.
[16]赵海翔,王晓蓉.风电机组雷击过电压分析[J].电网技术,2004,28(4):27-29,72.ZHAO Haixiang,WANG Xiaorong. Overvoltage analysis of wind turbine due to lightning stroke[J]. Power System Technology,2004,28(4):27-29,72.