石油焦综合利用研究进展
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摘要
石油焦是炼厂延迟焦化装置产生的固体产品,由于其"一稳、二低、三高"的特性,广泛用于冶金、化工等工业作为电极或生产化工产品的原料。2017年,国内延迟焦化装置产能12 880×10~4 t/a,石油焦产量2 721.7×10~4 t(累计增长3.5%)。对国内石油焦的产量、产地分布及下游用途进行了概述。结合石油焦市场因环保升级而面临的挑战,从原料控制、工艺改进、下游市场开发3个方面对高硫石油焦的出路问题进行思考,重点论述了锅炉燃料、电极材料、制备活性炭材料、石油焦制气、灰渣利用等下游利用方向的研究进展,对石油焦的利用和发展进行了预测和展望。
Petroleum coke is a solid product produced by delayed coking unit.Because of the characteristics of stability,low ash,low volatile,high carbon,high sulfur and high heating value,petroleum coke is widely used as raw materials for electrodes or chemical products in metallurgy,chemical industry and other industries.In 2017,the capacity of domestic delayed coking unit was128.8×10~6 t/a,the petroleum coke yield was 27.217×10~6 t(increased cumulatively by 3.5%).The yield,distribution of locations,and downstream application of petroleum coke in China were reviewed.Combined with the challenge of petroleum coke market with the upgrading of environmental protection requirements,the outlet of high sulfur-containing petroleum coke was considered from material control,technology improvement and downstream market development.The research progress of boiler fuel,electrode material,preparation of activated carbon material,petroleum coke gas making,utilization of petroleum coke ash were mainly discussed.The utilization and development of petroleum coke were predicted and prospected.
Petroleum coke is a solid product produced by delayed coking unit.Because of the characteristics of stability,low ash,low volatile,high carbon,high sulfur and high heating value,petroleum coke is widely used as raw materials for electrodes or chemical products in metallurgy,chemical industry and other industries.In 2017,the capacity of domestic delayed coking unit was128.8×10~6 t/a,the petroleum coke yield was 27.217×10~6 t(increased cumulatively by 3.5%).The yield,distribution of locations,and downstream application of petroleum coke in China were reviewed.Combined with the challenge of petroleum coke market with the upgrading of environmental protection requirements,the outlet of high sulfur-containing petroleum coke was considered from material control,technology improvement and downstream market development.The research progress of boiler fuel,electrode material,preparation of activated carbon material,petroleum coke gas making,utilization of petroleum coke ash were mainly discussed.The utilization and development of petroleum coke were predicted and prospected.
引文
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[22]李杰,孙晓琳,李华,等.石油焦制备高比表面积活性炭中试研究[J].精细石油化工,2013,30(2):58-61.
[23]吴永红,张晓宇,周佳玲,等.石油焦基活性炭的制备及处理甲基橙废水的研究[J].应用化工,2017,46(1):50-53.
[24]王晨平,段钰锋,佘敏,等.SO2活化改性石油焦吸附剂的汞吸附特性[J].化工学报,2017,68(12):4764-4773.
[25]谭明慧,艾培培,李士斌,等.石油焦基多孔炭电极材料的制备及调控[J].化学工程,2013,41(9):15-18.
[26]瞿国华,王辅臣.高硫石油焦气化制氢工艺在炼油工业中的发展前景[J].当代石油石化,2010,18(10):1-6.
[27]纪丽媛,黄胜,吴诗勇,等.原煤与石油焦共气化反应特性[J].石油学报(石油加工),2014,30(3):493-500.
[28]刘仁科,李寒旭.煤中掺配高硫石油焦的气化特性研究[J].应用化工,2014,43(5):894-897.
[29]盖希坤,卢艺,邢闯,等.石油焦水蒸气催化气化反应特性[J].石油学报(石油加工),2015,31(4):891-896.
[30]贾嘉,展秀丽,周志杰,等.煤气化黑水作为石油焦浆稳定剂的实验研究[J].化学工程,2011,39(7):60-64.
[31]孙国武,李艳红.原料煤掺烧高硫石油焦在shell气化炉中的应用[J].煤化工,2017,45(2):19-23.
[32]瞿国华,王辅臣.延迟焦化-石油焦制氢组合工艺技术[J].炼油技术与工程,2010,40(11):20-23.
[33]林刚,吴基球,李竟先.CFB锅炉燃烧高硫石油焦的灰渣综合利用研究[J].环境科学与技术,2003,26(增刊2):62-63.
[34]杨利群,张亚莉,化茜,等.从高钒石油焦中碱浸钒[J].湿法冶金,2013,32(6):385-388.
[35]续正国.初探针状焦的选择与应用[J].炭素技术,1996(1):33-38.
[36]卢松青.钛白粉成品煅烧的两项改造[J].湖北化工,1995(3):49-50.
[37]刘鑫.石油焦新材料的探索应用技术研究[J].当代化工,2014,43(6):1093-1094.
[2]芮玉品,李军.中国原油进口情况与特性分析[J].炼油技术与工程,2017,47(12):1-5.
[3]王玉章,申海平,刘自宾.延迟焦化石油焦及其应用[J].炼油技术与工程,2008,38(2):25-30.
[4]中商产业研究院.2017全年中国石油焦产量数据分析:累计产量为2721.7万吨(附图表)[EB/OL].http://www.askci.com/news/chanye/20180123/164204116680.shtml,2018-01-23.
[5]曲晓龙,臧甲忠,钟读乐,等.石油焦热裂解复合无机催化剂性能研究[J].无机盐工业,2018,50(1):82-84.
[6]李进.不同反应器中石油焦催化气化反应特性研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2016.
[7]李宏俊,黄波,代正华,等.超临界CO2萃取对石油焦气化特性的影响[J].石油学报(石油加工),2017,33(3):480-488.
[8]谷雅雅.石油焦基活性炭的制备及其性能研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2014.
[9]王丽敏,张硕.环保监管下石油焦的清洁利用研究[J].当代石油石化,2017,25(8):31-35.
[10]董京,陈晓东,彭若愚,等.CFB锅炉燃用石油焦的实践[J].发电设备,2014,28(5):328-331.
[11]许莹,胡宾生.石油焦与煤粉燃烧性能差异的研究[J].化学工程,2008,36(8):21-24.
[12]石九菊,周勇敏,周全.石油焦悬浮燃烧燃烬率的理论分析[J].化学工程,2011,39(10):51-55.
[13]薛磊,陈林,宋金栋,等.CFB锅炉煤焦混烧优化试验[J].石油石化绿色低碳,2016,1(3):27-31.
[14]刘风琴.铝用碳素生产技术[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2010.
[15]赵彬,罗英涛,苏自伟,等.石油焦脱硫技术研究进展[J].炭素技术,2011,30(2):30-32.
[16]杜鸿飞,段钰锋,佘敏.高硫石油焦热解过程及硫形态的变化特性[J].化工进展,2016,35(8):2420-2425.
[17]肖劲,杨思蔚,赖延清,等.化学氧化法脱除石油焦中的硫[J].化工环保,2010,30(3):199-202.
[18]伍茜.高硫焦湿化学法脱硫工艺及其动力学研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2012.
[19]刘广虎,秦日明,石磊.浅析石油焦灰分高的原因及解决措施[J].科技经济导刊,2015(18):134-135.
[20]LIU F Q,LIU Y X,MANNWEILER U,et al.Effect of coke properties and its blending recipe on performance of carbon anode for aluminum electrolysis[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology(English Edition),2006,13(6):647-652.
[21]冯娜,田原宇,刘芳,等.石油焦后处理技术及其应用[J].石油与天然气化工,2008,37(2):134-137.
[22]李杰,孙晓琳,李华,等.石油焦制备高比表面积活性炭中试研究[J].精细石油化工,2013,30(2):58-61.
[23]吴永红,张晓宇,周佳玲,等.石油焦基活性炭的制备及处理甲基橙废水的研究[J].应用化工,2017,46(1):50-53.
[24]王晨平,段钰锋,佘敏,等.SO2活化改性石油焦吸附剂的汞吸附特性[J].化工学报,2017,68(12):4764-4773.
[25]谭明慧,艾培培,李士斌,等.石油焦基多孔炭电极材料的制备及调控[J].化学工程,2013,41(9):15-18.
[26]瞿国华,王辅臣.高硫石油焦气化制氢工艺在炼油工业中的发展前景[J].当代石油石化,2010,18(10):1-6.
[27]纪丽媛,黄胜,吴诗勇,等.原煤与石油焦共气化反应特性[J].石油学报(石油加工),2014,30(3):493-500.
[28]刘仁科,李寒旭.煤中掺配高硫石油焦的气化特性研究[J].应用化工,2014,43(5):894-897.
[29]盖希坤,卢艺,邢闯,等.石油焦水蒸气催化气化反应特性[J].石油学报(石油加工),2015,31(4):891-896.
[30]贾嘉,展秀丽,周志杰,等.煤气化黑水作为石油焦浆稳定剂的实验研究[J].化学工程,2011,39(7):60-64.
[31]孙国武,李艳红.原料煤掺烧高硫石油焦在shell气化炉中的应用[J].煤化工,2017,45(2):19-23.
[32]瞿国华,王辅臣.延迟焦化-石油焦制氢组合工艺技术[J].炼油技术与工程,2010,40(11):20-23.
[33]林刚,吴基球,李竟先.CFB锅炉燃烧高硫石油焦的灰渣综合利用研究[J].环境科学与技术,2003,26(增刊2):62-63.
[34]杨利群,张亚莉,化茜,等.从高钒石油焦中碱浸钒[J].湿法冶金,2013,32(6):385-388.
[35]续正国.初探针状焦的选择与应用[J].炭素技术,1996(1):33-38.
[36]卢松青.钛白粉成品煅烧的两项改造[J].湖北化工,1995(3):49-50.
[37]刘鑫.石油焦新材料的探索应用技术研究[J].当代化工,2014,43(6):1093-1094.