豫南稻区机直播单季中籼杂交稻丰产优质品种筛选
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摘要
为筛选出适宜豫南稻区机直播方式种植的丰产优质单季中籼杂交稻品种,在大田机械定量穴直播条件下,对41个中籼杂交稻品种的生育期、产量及其构成因素、稻米品质、抗病性、抗倒伏性、干物质积累与转运、冠层温度、冠气温差等进行分析。结果表明,根据主要农艺性状,41个中籼杂交稻可分为5大类群。第Ⅲ类群水稻品种产量、穗粒数均高于其他类群,产量达11 081. 28 kg/hm2,穗粒数达169. 72粒。第Ⅳ类群水稻品种生育期显著低于其他类群,其他4个类群间均无显著差异。与其他类群相比,第Ⅲ类群水稻品种整精米率较高,垩白度、垩白粒率均较低,整精米率达49. 70%,垩白度为5. 40%,垩白粒率为19. 98%。除第Ⅰ类群水稻品种感稻瘟病、纹枯病较重外,其他类群中水稻感病品种数占总品种数的比例均低于10. 00%,且仅有第Ⅰ类群水稻品种中出现倒伏。抽穗开花期冠层温度主要影响第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ类群水稻品种的有效穗数,其中,与第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类群呈极显著负相关,与第Ⅴ类群呈极显著正相关;冠气温差则主要影响第Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ类群水稻品种的垩白度和垩白粒率,其中,与第Ⅱ、Ⅳ类群呈显著或极显著负相关,与第Ⅴ类群呈极显著正相关。第Ⅲ类群水稻品种收获指数显著高于第Ⅱ、Ⅴ类群水稻品种,与第Ⅰ、Ⅳ类群水稻品种无显著差异。从41份材料中筛选出第Ⅲ类群水稻品种钱优930、广两优5号、Y两优2号、Y两优900、荃早优丝苗、新两优611为适宜豫南稻区机直播种植的丰产优质水稻品种,该类群水稻品种特征为穗粒数多、产量高、整精米率高、垩白度和垩白粒率低、生育期中等、抗病性较好、收获指数高。
In order to screen single cropping mid-season indica hybrid rice cultivars which had high quality and yield,and were suitable for mechanical direct seeding in south Henan,41 cultivars of mid-season indica rice were used to analyze the difference of the growth duration,grain yield and its components,rice grain quality,disease resistance,lodging resistance,dry matter accumulation and transport,canopy temperature and canopy-air temperature difference. The results showed that 41 cultivars of mid-season indica rice were divided into 5 clusters according to the main agronomic traits. Compared with other clusters,cluster Ⅲ ricecultivars had higher grain yield and grain number per panicle,the grain yield was 11 081. 28 kg/ha,the grain number per panicle was 169. 72,respectively; the growth duration of cluster Ⅳ rice cultivars was significantly lower,and there was no significant difference among the other clusters; cluster Ⅲ rice cultivars had higher head rice rate and lower chalkiness and chalky rate,the head rice rate was 49. 70%,the chalkiness was 5. 40%,and the chalky rate was 19. 98%. Except rice blast and rice blight of the cluster Ⅰrice cultivars were heavier,the proportions of susceptible cultivars to the total cultivars of other clusters were all lower than 10. 00%. Only the cluster Ⅰ appeared lodging. The canopy temperature affected effective panicle number of cluster Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴrice cultivars,which was significantly negatively correlated with effective panicle number of cluster Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ rice cultivars,and significantly positively correlated with effective panicle number of cluster Ⅴ rice cultivars. The difference of canopy-air temperature mainly affected rice grain chalkiness and chalky rate of clusterⅡ,Ⅳ and Ⅴrice cultivars,which was negatively correlated with chalkiness and chalky rate of cluster Ⅱ and Ⅳ rice cultivars,and significantly positively correlated with chalkiness and chalky rate of cluster Ⅴrice cultivars. The harvest index of cluster Ⅲ rice cultivars was significantly higher than those of cluster Ⅱ,Ⅴ rice cultivars,and there was no significant difference between the cluster Ⅰ and cluster Ⅳ rice cultivars. From these results,a total of 6 rice cultivars with high quality and yield of cluster Ⅲ selected from 41 cultivars were suitable for mechanical direct seeding in south Henan,which were Qianyou 930,Guangliangyou No. 5,Yliangyou No. 2,Yliangyou 900,Quanzaoyousimiao,Xinliangyou 611,these cultivars had high grain number per panicle,grain yield,head rice rate,harvest index,low chalkiness and chalky rate,moderate growth duration,good resistance to disease.
In order to screen single cropping mid-season indica hybrid rice cultivars which had high quality and yield,and were suitable for mechanical direct seeding in south Henan,41 cultivars of mid-season indica rice were used to analyze the difference of the growth duration,grain yield and its components,rice grain quality,disease resistance,lodging resistance,dry matter accumulation and transport,canopy temperature and canopy-air temperature difference. The results showed that 41 cultivars of mid-season indica rice were divided into 5 clusters according to the main agronomic traits. Compared with other clusters,cluster Ⅲ ricecultivars had higher grain yield and grain number per panicle,the grain yield was 11 081. 28 kg/ha,the grain number per panicle was 169. 72,respectively; the growth duration of cluster Ⅳ rice cultivars was significantly lower,and there was no significant difference among the other clusters; cluster Ⅲ rice cultivars had higher head rice rate and lower chalkiness and chalky rate,the head rice rate was 49. 70%,the chalkiness was 5. 40%,and the chalky rate was 19. 98%. Except rice blast and rice blight of the cluster Ⅰrice cultivars were heavier,the proportions of susceptible cultivars to the total cultivars of other clusters were all lower than 10. 00%. Only the cluster Ⅰ appeared lodging. The canopy temperature affected effective panicle number of cluster Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴrice cultivars,which was significantly negatively correlated with effective panicle number of cluster Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ rice cultivars,and significantly positively correlated with effective panicle number of cluster Ⅴ rice cultivars. The difference of canopy-air temperature mainly affected rice grain chalkiness and chalky rate of clusterⅡ,Ⅳ and Ⅴrice cultivars,which was negatively correlated with chalkiness and chalky rate of cluster Ⅱ and Ⅳ rice cultivars,and significantly positively correlated with chalkiness and chalky rate of cluster Ⅴrice cultivars. The harvest index of cluster Ⅲ rice cultivars was significantly higher than those of cluster Ⅱ,Ⅴ rice cultivars,and there was no significant difference between the cluster Ⅰ and cluster Ⅳ rice cultivars. From these results,a total of 6 rice cultivars with high quality and yield of cluster Ⅲ selected from 41 cultivars were suitable for mechanical direct seeding in south Henan,which were Qianyou 930,Guangliangyou No. 5,Yliangyou No. 2,Yliangyou 900,Quanzaoyousimiao,Xinliangyou 611,these cultivars had high grain number per panicle,grain yield,head rice rate,harvest index,low chalkiness and chalky rate,moderate growth duration,good resistance to disease.
引文
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[2]吴骞,方立清,温涛,等.信阳市水稻种植气候条件分析[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(2):285-290.
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[4]陈灿,郭辉,张晓丽,等.广西野生稻稻瘟病抗性鉴定及抗源地理分布[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(11):1999-2003.
[5]况浩池,罗俊涛,杨扬,等.四川省审定的川香29A所配中籼迟熟杂交稻组合品质性状分析[J].中国稻米,2014,20(5):48-51.
[6]陈传华,刘广林,李虎,等.长粒型常规优质籼稻新品种桂育9号的选育[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(6):1068-1074.
[7]戴高兴,邓国富,周维永,等.软米型高产优质弱感光组合丰田优981的选育及应用[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(5):780-784.
[8]吕建群,曾宪平.四川中籼中熟杂交水稻产量与主要经济性状的分析[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(10):184-186.
[9]夏秀忠,张宗琼,杨行海,等.广西地方稻种资源核心种质的耐盐性鉴定评价[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(6):979-984.
[10]阎勇,马增凤,秦钢,等.华南常用籼稻亲本稻瘟病抗性评价及抗性基因鉴定[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(4):587-593.
[11]况浩池,曾正明,罗俊涛,等.四川省新育成中籼迟熟杂交稻经济性状及产量分析研究[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(4):1009-1012.
[12]姜少芸,郑露,朱昳,等.湖北省主栽水稻品种对稻瘟病的田间抗性鉴定[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(8):1303-1312.
[13]彭波,庞瑞华,孙艳芳,等.香稻胚乳的垩白性状研究及扫描电镜观察[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(10):1635-1641.
[14]刘书通,李春生,方福平,等.长江中下游中籼杂交稻区试品种产量成因性状分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(15):7-11.
[15]况浩池,罗俊涛,曾正明,等.不同粒型中籼杂交稻组合稻米品质及相关性分析[J].中国稻米,2016,22(2):15-20.
[16]秦文婧,黄水金,黄建华,等.抗二化螟的水稻品种筛选[J].应用昆虫学报,2015,52(3):721-727.
[17]耿建梅,吴露露,余爱,等.海南省富硒杂交水稻品种筛选[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(22):376-380.
[18]傅志强,朱华武,陈灿,等.双季稻田CH4和N2O排放特征及品种筛选研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(7):2475-2481.
[19]付景,王生轩,尹海庆,等.施氮量对直播稻郑旱10号群体特征及产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(1):30-35.
[20]余庆福,聂立孝.麦—稻轮作系统中小麦施氮水平对后季直播水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(9):1488-1494.
[21]冯洋,陈海飞,胡孝明,等.我国南方主推水稻品种氮效率筛选及评价[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1051-1062.
[22]国家质量技术监督局.优质稻谷:GB/T 17891—1999[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[23]樊廷录,宋尚有,徐银萍,等.旱地冬小麦灌浆期冠层温度与产量和水分利用效率的关系[J].生态学报,2007,22(11):4491-4497.
[24]刁操铨,贺汉林.作物栽培学实验指导[M].北京:农业出版社,1988.
[25]谢丽萍.广西杂交稻产量、米质及抗性综述[J].广西农业科学,2009,40(9):1262-1264.
[26]肖佳雷,辛爱华,张国民,等.黑龙江省水稻种质资源农艺性状鉴定与筛选[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(1):252-255.
[27]李培富,杨淑琴,张彦红,等.宁夏水稻品种主要农艺性状分析[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(2):33-36.
[28]杨玉蓉,孙建昌,王兴盛,等.宁夏不同年代水稻品种的遗传多样性比较[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(3):457-464.
[29]李永辉,蔡怡聪,聂元元,等. 2003—2011年江西省审定早稻品种分析[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(27):35-41.
[30]田雨,徐俊英,李春海,等.水稻品种9311的螟虫抗性改良和抗螟虫杂交稻组合选育[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(4):664-672.
[31]翟书梅,吕正凤.一季中籼稻品种对比试验[J].河南农业,2014(8):37.
[32]张文忠,韩亚东,杜宏绢,等.水稻开花期冠层温度与土壤水分及产量结构的关系[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(1):99-102.
[33]高继平,隋阳辉,张文忠,等.水稻灌浆期冠层温度对植株生理性状及稻米品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2015,29(5):501-510.
[34]黄山,王伟,毕永基,等.不同早稻品种冠层温度的差异及其与产量的关系[J].江西农业大学学报,2014,36(6):1179-1184.
[35] Balota M,Payne W A,Evett S R,et al. Morphological and physiological traits associated with canopy temperature depression in three closely related wheat lines[J].Crop Science,2008,48(5):1897-1910.
[36] Fang J,Ma W,Zhao X,et al. Lower canopy temperature is associated with higher cytokinin concentration in the flag leaf of wheat[J]. Crop Science,2012,52(6):2743-2756.
[37]闫川,丁艳锋,王强盛,等.水稻温度与气温的关系[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1573-1578.
[2]吴骞,方立清,温涛,等.信阳市水稻种植气候条件分析[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(2):285-290.
[3]凌启鸿.作物群体质量[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2000.
[4]陈灿,郭辉,张晓丽,等.广西野生稻稻瘟病抗性鉴定及抗源地理分布[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(11):1999-2003.
[5]况浩池,罗俊涛,杨扬,等.四川省审定的川香29A所配中籼迟熟杂交稻组合品质性状分析[J].中国稻米,2014,20(5):48-51.
[6]陈传华,刘广林,李虎,等.长粒型常规优质籼稻新品种桂育9号的选育[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(6):1068-1074.
[7]戴高兴,邓国富,周维永,等.软米型高产优质弱感光组合丰田优981的选育及应用[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(5):780-784.
[8]吕建群,曾宪平.四川中籼中熟杂交水稻产量与主要经济性状的分析[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(10):184-186.
[9]夏秀忠,张宗琼,杨行海,等.广西地方稻种资源核心种质的耐盐性鉴定评价[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(6):979-984.
[10]阎勇,马增凤,秦钢,等.华南常用籼稻亲本稻瘟病抗性评价及抗性基因鉴定[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(4):587-593.
[11]况浩池,曾正明,罗俊涛,等.四川省新育成中籼迟熟杂交稻经济性状及产量分析研究[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(4):1009-1012.
[12]姜少芸,郑露,朱昳,等.湖北省主栽水稻品种对稻瘟病的田间抗性鉴定[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(8):1303-1312.
[13]彭波,庞瑞华,孙艳芳,等.香稻胚乳的垩白性状研究及扫描电镜观察[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(10):1635-1641.
[14]刘书通,李春生,方福平,等.长江中下游中籼杂交稻区试品种产量成因性状分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(15):7-11.
[15]况浩池,罗俊涛,曾正明,等.不同粒型中籼杂交稻组合稻米品质及相关性分析[J].中国稻米,2016,22(2):15-20.
[16]秦文婧,黄水金,黄建华,等.抗二化螟的水稻品种筛选[J].应用昆虫学报,2015,52(3):721-727.
[17]耿建梅,吴露露,余爱,等.海南省富硒杂交水稻品种筛选[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(22):376-380.
[18]傅志强,朱华武,陈灿,等.双季稻田CH4和N2O排放特征及品种筛选研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(7):2475-2481.
[19]付景,王生轩,尹海庆,等.施氮量对直播稻郑旱10号群体特征及产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(1):30-35.
[20]余庆福,聂立孝.麦—稻轮作系统中小麦施氮水平对后季直播水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(9):1488-1494.
[21]冯洋,陈海飞,胡孝明,等.我国南方主推水稻品种氮效率筛选及评价[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1051-1062.
[22]国家质量技术监督局.优质稻谷:GB/T 17891—1999[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[23]樊廷录,宋尚有,徐银萍,等.旱地冬小麦灌浆期冠层温度与产量和水分利用效率的关系[J].生态学报,2007,22(11):4491-4497.
[24]刁操铨,贺汉林.作物栽培学实验指导[M].北京:农业出版社,1988.
[25]谢丽萍.广西杂交稻产量、米质及抗性综述[J].广西农业科学,2009,40(9):1262-1264.
[26]肖佳雷,辛爱华,张国民,等.黑龙江省水稻种质资源农艺性状鉴定与筛选[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(1):252-255.
[27]李培富,杨淑琴,张彦红,等.宁夏水稻品种主要农艺性状分析[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(2):33-36.
[28]杨玉蓉,孙建昌,王兴盛,等.宁夏不同年代水稻品种的遗传多样性比较[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(3):457-464.
[29]李永辉,蔡怡聪,聂元元,等. 2003—2011年江西省审定早稻品种分析[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(27):35-41.
[30]田雨,徐俊英,李春海,等.水稻品种9311的螟虫抗性改良和抗螟虫杂交稻组合选育[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(4):664-672.
[31]翟书梅,吕正凤.一季中籼稻品种对比试验[J].河南农业,2014(8):37.
[32]张文忠,韩亚东,杜宏绢,等.水稻开花期冠层温度与土壤水分及产量结构的关系[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(1):99-102.
[33]高继平,隋阳辉,张文忠,等.水稻灌浆期冠层温度对植株生理性状及稻米品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2015,29(5):501-510.
[34]黄山,王伟,毕永基,等.不同早稻品种冠层温度的差异及其与产量的关系[J].江西农业大学学报,2014,36(6):1179-1184.
[35] Balota M,Payne W A,Evett S R,et al. Morphological and physiological traits associated with canopy temperature depression in three closely related wheat lines[J].Crop Science,2008,48(5):1897-1910.
[36] Fang J,Ma W,Zhao X,et al. Lower canopy temperature is associated with higher cytokinin concentration in the flag leaf of wheat[J]. Crop Science,2012,52(6):2743-2756.
[37]闫川,丁艳锋,王强盛,等.水稻温度与气温的关系[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1573-1578.