全面的性教育课程对对提升澳门初中生性知识的成效
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摘要
目的:了解澳门初中生性知识的现状及评估"全面的性教育"课程对提高澳门初中生性知识的成效。方法:本研究为类实验性研究,采用单纯随机抽样法,在全澳46所全日制正规教学学校中,抽取4所学校,然后选取4所学校初中一年级至初中三年级39个班的940名学生为研究对象。采用5学时"全面的性教育"课程进行干预,干预前后对所有学生进行问卷调查,干预后再以质性访谈方式进行资料收集。结果:(1)前测与后测分别为932名学生和931名学生,有效问卷回收率分别为99. 1%和99. 0%。前测男生518名(55. 9%)、女生409名(44. 1%),后测男生512名(55. 2%)、女生415名(44. 8%)。(2)参与者在青春期生理卫生、生殖与成孕、性传播疾病的预防及有关性的法例各题知识全部答对率,在实施干预后均较干预前有所提升。在法律方面,"在澳门堕胎是合法的"答对率的提升在所有知识题目中升幅最为显著,答对率从干预前的41. 3%(383/927)上升到干预后的70. 6%(655/928)。(3)受访者表示学习课程后,最有帮助的前3位分别是:更了解青春期的生理变化(91. 3%,840/920),性方面的法制(90. 6%)和心理变化(89. 9%)。结论:对初中生开展全面的性教育课程学习能够提高他们的性知识,其效果十分显著。
Objective: This study aims to understand the status of sexual knowledge of junior secondary school students in Macao and to assess the effectiveness of"comprehensive sexuality education"programme on junior secondary school students in Macao. Methods: Simple random sampling is adopted in this quasi-experimental study. Junior secondary school students of each class( form 1 to form 3) were sampled from 4 schools among 46 fulltime regular teaching schools in Macao. A total number of 940 students were sampled from 39 classes of 4 schools in this study,with intervention on the five-hour"comprehensive sexuality education programme". Questionnaires were distributed before and after the intervention,and data was collected through qualitative interview after the intervention. All of the junior secondary school students intervened by the"comprehensive sexuality education programme"were required to complete the questionnaires. Results:(1) There were 932 and 931 participants involved in the pre and post testing respectively with the response rate of 99. 1% and 99. 0%. There were 518 male students( 55. 9%)and 409 female students( 44. 1%) involved in pre-testing while 512 male students( 55. 2%) and 415 female students( 44. 8%) were involved in post-testing.(2) There is an increase in the overall participants' correct rate of all knowledge questions in terms of physical hygiene during puberty,reproduction and pregnancy,prevention of sexually transmitted disease and laws relating to sexuality after the intervention. Regarding legal aspect,the correct rate of"abortion is legal in Macao"shows a significant increase among all of the knowledge questions,from 41. 3% before the intervention to 70. 6% afterwards.(3) Participants indicated that they found it useful after the completion of the programme in the following top three aspects which are better understanding of physiological changes during puberty( 91. 3%) and law related sexual activities( 90. 6%),and psychological changes( 89. 9%). Conclusions:It is conducive to hold the comprehensive sexuality education programme for junior secondary school students which can enhance their sexual knowledge.
Objective: This study aims to understand the status of sexual knowledge of junior secondary school students in Macao and to assess the effectiveness of"comprehensive sexuality education"programme on junior secondary school students in Macao. Methods: Simple random sampling is adopted in this quasi-experimental study. Junior secondary school students of each class( form 1 to form 3) were sampled from 4 schools among 46 fulltime regular teaching schools in Macao. A total number of 940 students were sampled from 39 classes of 4 schools in this study,with intervention on the five-hour"comprehensive sexuality education programme". Questionnaires were distributed before and after the intervention,and data was collected through qualitative interview after the intervention. All of the junior secondary school students intervened by the"comprehensive sexuality education programme"were required to complete the questionnaires. Results:(1) There were 932 and 931 participants involved in the pre and post testing respectively with the response rate of 99. 1% and 99. 0%. There were 518 male students( 55. 9%)and 409 female students( 44. 1%) involved in pre-testing while 512 male students( 55. 2%) and 415 female students( 44. 8%) were involved in post-testing.(2) There is an increase in the overall participants' correct rate of all knowledge questions in terms of physical hygiene during puberty,reproduction and pregnancy,prevention of sexually transmitted disease and laws relating to sexuality after the intervention. Regarding legal aspect,the correct rate of"abortion is legal in Macao"shows a significant increase among all of the knowledge questions,from 41. 3% before the intervention to 70. 6% afterwards.(3) Participants indicated that they found it useful after the completion of the programme in the following top three aspects which are better understanding of physiological changes during puberty( 91. 3%) and law related sexual activities( 90. 6%),and psychological changes( 89. 9%). Conclusions:It is conducive to hold the comprehensive sexuality education programme for junior secondary school students which can enhance their sexual knowledge.
引文
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[3] World Health Organization. Adolescent health. http://www. who. int/topics/adolescent_health/en/.
[4] Anthony D. The state of the world's children 2011-adolescence:An age of opportunity. http://www. unicef. org/sowc2011/.
[5]圣公会澳门社会服务处.澳门青年指标2012社会调查报告书.http://www. dsej. gov. mo/ijm/download/dsejdoc_20140124. pdf.
[6] UNESCO. International technical guidance on sexuality education.Paris:UNESCO,2009. http://unesdoc. unesco. org/images/0018/001832/183281e. pdf
[7] SIECUS. Sexuality Education Q&A. http://www. siecus. org/index.cfm? fuseaction=page. viewpage&pageid=521&grandparentID=477&parentID=514.
[8] Juping Yu. Teenage sexual attitudes and behaviour in China:A literature review. Health and Social Care in the Community,2012,20(6):561-582.
[9]姜哲,曹红子.初中生性健康知识及性烦恼现状与教育对策.中国性科学,2012,21(9):71-73.
[10]澳门圣公会.调查指家长对性侵认识不足圣公会将加强宣传性侵犯危机认识度.正报,2017-12-02.
[11]香港家庭计划指导会. 2016青少年与性研究. http://drive. famplan. org. hk/FPAHK/Research/2016YSS_Chi. pdf.
[12]涂欣筠.我国未成年人性侵案件现状及其对策.江苏警官学院学报. 2015,30(1):54-62.
[13] Li Chunyan,Cheng Zixi,Wu Taiwen,et al. The relationships of school-based sexuality education,sexual knowledge and sexual behaviors:A study of 18000 Chinese college students. Reproductive Health,2017,(14):103-111.
[14]晏涵文,刘洁心,李思贤,等.台湾国小、国中、高中职学校性教育成果调查研究.台湾性学学刊,2009,15(2):65-80.
[15]黄仙保.网络化信息环境下学生性教育方式探讨.中国性科学,2014,23(7):88-90.
[16] Kwan ACM,Hong AWL,Tam F,et al. Enhancing sexuality education for young adolescents through serious gaming. ECGBL2014-8th European Conference on Games Based Learning,Germany,2014(1):303-311.
[2] United Nations Population Fund. Adolescent and youth demographics:A brief overview. https://www. unfpa. org/resources/adolescent-andyouth-demographicsa-brief-overview.
[3] World Health Organization. Adolescent health. http://www. who. int/topics/adolescent_health/en/.
[4] Anthony D. The state of the world's children 2011-adolescence:An age of opportunity. http://www. unicef. org/sowc2011/.
[5]圣公会澳门社会服务处.澳门青年指标2012社会调查报告书.http://www. dsej. gov. mo/ijm/download/dsejdoc_20140124. pdf.
[6] UNESCO. International technical guidance on sexuality education.Paris:UNESCO,2009. http://unesdoc. unesco. org/images/0018/001832/183281e. pdf
[7] SIECUS. Sexuality Education Q&A. http://www. siecus. org/index.cfm? fuseaction=page. viewpage&pageid=521&grandparentID=477&parentID=514.
[8] Juping Yu. Teenage sexual attitudes and behaviour in China:A literature review. Health and Social Care in the Community,2012,20(6):561-582.
[9]姜哲,曹红子.初中生性健康知识及性烦恼现状与教育对策.中国性科学,2012,21(9):71-73.
[10]澳门圣公会.调查指家长对性侵认识不足圣公会将加强宣传性侵犯危机认识度.正报,2017-12-02.
[11]香港家庭计划指导会. 2016青少年与性研究. http://drive. famplan. org. hk/FPAHK/Research/2016YSS_Chi. pdf.
[12]涂欣筠.我国未成年人性侵案件现状及其对策.江苏警官学院学报. 2015,30(1):54-62.
[13] Li Chunyan,Cheng Zixi,Wu Taiwen,et al. The relationships of school-based sexuality education,sexual knowledge and sexual behaviors:A study of 18000 Chinese college students. Reproductive Health,2017,(14):103-111.
[14]晏涵文,刘洁心,李思贤,等.台湾国小、国中、高中职学校性教育成果调查研究.台湾性学学刊,2009,15(2):65-80.
[15]黄仙保.网络化信息环境下学生性教育方式探讨.中国性科学,2014,23(7):88-90.
[16] Kwan ACM,Hong AWL,Tam F,et al. Enhancing sexuality education for young adolescents through serious gaming. ECGBL2014-8th European Conference on Games Based Learning,Germany,2014(1):303-311.