探讨澳门初中生性知识现状及建议
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摘要
目的:了解澳门初中学生的性知识现状,提出建议供学校及政府相关部门作参考。方法:本研究为描述式研究,采用整群随机抽样法,在全澳门46所全日制正规教学学校中抽取4所中学,再对被抽中学校的初中学生(中一至中三)进行问卷调查。结果:(1)共收到932份有效问卷,女性占44. 1%,男性占55. 9%。37. 4%及33. 4%的学生错误认为食欲增加是青春期的发育特征。(2)有44. 6%的学生不知道在无套进行性行为时,即使男方在女方体外射精也有可能使女方怀孕。(3)在青春期发育特征的性知识中,学生普遍答对率高,但在性病及怀孕的性知识答对率中,相当大部分的回答不知道。(4)学生在遇到对性相关的困难时,比起咨询更希望通过电子平台获得信息,依次分別是网页(46. 6%)、网上咨询(45. 5%)、手机应用程序(34. 2%)、青少年保健服务(22. 0%)。结论:目前澳门初中生性知识仍有待提升,教育机构应该针对学生的需要,调整性教育的方向,同時亦应该深化教学的內容,避免学生因知识缺乏而暴露在危险中。
Objective:The objective of this research was to understand the current situation of sexual knowledge of junior students in Macau and provide corresponding teaching suggestions. In this descriptive research,4 out of 46 full time regular secondary schools were randomly selected and all form 1 to form 3 students of these 4 secondary schools were invited to conduct the questionnaire survey.(1)Among 932 valid questionnaires,there are 44. 1% of female students and 55. 9% of male students. There are 37. 4% and 33. 4% of students wrongly believed that an increase in appetite was a developmental feature at adolescence.(2)There were 44. 6% students had no ideas about sexual intercourse without condom,even if men in vitro ejaculation may also make the women pregnant.(3)In sexual knowledge of developmental features at adolescence,students generally had high rate of response. However,in the sexual knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy,most of the students responded they did not know.(4)When students encounter the difficulties related to sex,they prefer to receive information through electronic platforms to the real counseling,such as 46. 6% of web pages,45. 5% of online counseling,34. 2% of mobile applications and 22. 0% of adolescent health services. Therefore,the educational institution should adjust the direction of sexual education according to the needs of students. They should also deepen the teaching content so that to avoid students exposed to danger because of the lack of sexual knowledge.
Objective:The objective of this research was to understand the current situation of sexual knowledge of junior students in Macau and provide corresponding teaching suggestions. In this descriptive research,4 out of 46 full time regular secondary schools were randomly selected and all form 1 to form 3 students of these 4 secondary schools were invited to conduct the questionnaire survey.(1)Among 932 valid questionnaires,there are 44. 1% of female students and 55. 9% of male students. There are 37. 4% and 33. 4% of students wrongly believed that an increase in appetite was a developmental feature at adolescence.(2)There were 44. 6% students had no ideas about sexual intercourse without condom,even if men in vitro ejaculation may also make the women pregnant.(3)In sexual knowledge of developmental features at adolescence,students generally had high rate of response. However,in the sexual knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy,most of the students responded they did not know.(4)When students encounter the difficulties related to sex,they prefer to receive information through electronic platforms to the real counseling,such as 46. 6% of web pages,45. 5% of online counseling,34. 2% of mobile applications and 22. 0% of adolescent health services. Therefore,the educational institution should adjust the direction of sexual education according to the needs of students. They should also deepen the teaching content so that to avoid students exposed to danger because of the lack of sexual knowledge.
引文
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[11]张转澄,黄德麒.父母婚姻型态及其轮班工作与澳门青少年的性知识、性态度及性相关行为研究.澳门:第四届海峡两岸暨港澳地区青少年性与生殖健康研讨会,2015.
[12]Ecker N,Kirby D,Gordon P.International technical guidance on sexuality education:An evidence-informed approach for schools,teachers,and health educators.Paris:United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO),2009.
[13]KwanA.C M,Hong A WL,Tam F,et al.Enhancing Sexuality Education for Young Adolescents Through Serious Gaming[EB/OL].(2017-10-16).https://mail.bjmu.edu.cn/coremail/s/USCEO-international+technical+guidance+on+sexuality+education.pdf?sid=BAtphYeeULJdYksjtUeeikzSLcKEVRev&func=mbox%3agetMessageData&mode=&mid=1%3a1tbiAQAFDFKWyx3Pmg ARse&part=3&mboxa=.
[14]黄仙保.网络化信息环境下学生性教育方式探索.中国性科学,2014,23(7):88-90
[15]Simon L,DanebackK.Adolescents'Use of the Internet for Sex Education:A Thematic and Critical Review of the Literature.International Journal of Sexual Health,2013,25(4),305-319.
[2]韩洋.以人格教育为基础的青春期性教育行动研究.青岛:青岛大学,2013.
[3]曾燕波.青春期性教育问题与探讨.当代青年研究,2016,341(2):100-104.
[4]柳扬,钟子渝.青少年性性教育现状调查.中国性科学,2011,20(8),:22-24,
[5]方韵.大学生性知识,性态度,一般性经验与性偏差经验之调查研究---以嘉义地区为例.亚洲家庭暴力与性侵害期,2014,10(1):1-21.
[6]Tseng,YH,Weng CS,Kuo SH,etal.Gender differences?Internet use and parent-child communication about sex toward sexual attitudes among early adolescents in Taiwan.Journal of Nursing Research,2015,23(2):125-134
[7]余惠莺,黄翠萍,尹一桥.澳门中学生性教育现状与对策初探.中国性科学,2014,23(9):85-87.
[8]曾治干,黄祯贞,叶国梁,等.探讨台湾地区高中生性知识来源与其性知识,性态度之关系.健康促进暨卫生教育杂志,2015(39):1-17.
[9]张禹,李俭莉.高中生性知识来源与知晓现状调查研究.中国性科学,2015,24(2):98-102
[10]林佩萍.2010澳门青少年性观念和性病,艾滋病知识调查.暨南大学,2011,5:18-21.
[11]张转澄,黄德麒.父母婚姻型态及其轮班工作与澳门青少年的性知识、性态度及性相关行为研究.澳门:第四届海峡两岸暨港澳地区青少年性与生殖健康研讨会,2015.
[12]Ecker N,Kirby D,Gordon P.International technical guidance on sexuality education:An evidence-informed approach for schools,teachers,and health educators.Paris:United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO),2009.
[13]KwanA.C M,Hong A WL,Tam F,et al.Enhancing Sexuality Education for Young Adolescents Through Serious Gaming[EB/OL].(2017-10-16).https://mail.bjmu.edu.cn/coremail/s/USCEO-international+technical+guidance+on+sexuality+education.pdf?sid=BAtphYeeULJdYksjtUeeikzSLcKEVRev&func=mbox%3agetMessageData&mode=&mid=1%3a1tbiAQAFDFKWyx3Pmg ARse&part=3&mboxa=.
[14]黄仙保.网络化信息环境下学生性教育方式探索.中国性科学,2014,23(7):88-90
[15]Simon L,DanebackK.Adolescents'Use of the Internet for Sex Education:A Thematic and Critical Review of the Literature.International Journal of Sexual Health,2013,25(4),305-319.