福建家庭林业单户与联户经营的效率差异分析——以福建省5地市272户农户数据为例
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摘要
基于福建省5地市272户农户的调查数据,采用DEA-BCC模型和效率累计频率图对单户和联户两种经营模式的效率进行计算并分析,得出如下主要结论:福建省家庭林业经营效率偏低,联户经营效率高于单户经营;生产要素配置不合理是造成福建省林业经营效率低下的主要原因;单户经营下的适度规模经营面积是3.33—6.67hm2,联户则为6.67—13.33hm2;不同林农之间经营林业的水平差距较大。在分析以上结论及原因的基础上,提出以下建议:继续深化集体林权制度改革,逐步完善林业配套措施;稳定林业政策,提升预期收益;发加强林业技术培训,提升林农管理水平;转变林业经营观念,寻求林业潜在效益。
Based on the survey data of 5 cities and 272 peasant households in Fujian Province,this paper used DEA-BCC model and probability distribution function to analyze the operational efficiency of individual forest management and collective forest management.The following conclusions were drew eventually:Family forestry management efficiency in Fujian was low,and there was room for improvement of forestry efficiency in Fujian Province.What′s more,the efficiency of cooperative management was higher than that of the single family business.The unreasonable distribution of factors of production was the main reason for the inefficiency of forestry management in Fujian Province,whether single-family management or joint-stock management,there were more financial redundancy and labor redundancy.The land area of moderate large-scale management under the single-family management was 3.33—6.67 hectares,and the scale of collective families was 6.67—13.33 hectares.There was a large gap among different foresters in forestry management.Based on the analysis of the above reasons,this paper put forward some suggestions of improving the efficiency of forestry management:Continued to deepen reform of the system of collective forest rights and gradually improved the supporting measures for forestry,stabilized forestry policies and improved expected earnings.Let farmers knew the stability of the policy and implement all the preferential policies so as to enhance the foresters′expected benefits to forestry and further enhance the production efficiency.Some major advice were put forward:Strengthen the forestry technical training and improved the management level of forest farmers.By sending and dispatching scientific and technological special commissioners and organizing free training courses and other measures,they could give forestry farmers technical support and enhance the management level,change the forestry management idea,and seek the forestry potential benefit.
Based on the survey data of 5 cities and 272 peasant households in Fujian Province,this paper used DEA-BCC model and probability distribution function to analyze the operational efficiency of individual forest management and collective forest management.The following conclusions were drew eventually:Family forestry management efficiency in Fujian was low,and there was room for improvement of forestry efficiency in Fujian Province.What′s more,the efficiency of cooperative management was higher than that of the single family business.The unreasonable distribution of factors of production was the main reason for the inefficiency of forestry management in Fujian Province,whether single-family management or joint-stock management,there were more financial redundancy and labor redundancy.The land area of moderate large-scale management under the single-family management was 3.33—6.67 hectares,and the scale of collective families was 6.67—13.33 hectares.There was a large gap among different foresters in forestry management.Based on the analysis of the above reasons,this paper put forward some suggestions of improving the efficiency of forestry management:Continued to deepen reform of the system of collective forest rights and gradually improved the supporting measures for forestry,stabilized forestry policies and improved expected earnings.Let farmers knew the stability of the policy and implement all the preferential policies so as to enhance the foresters′expected benefits to forestry and further enhance the production efficiency.Some major advice were put forward:Strengthen the forestry technical training and improved the management level of forest farmers.By sending and dispatching scientific and technological special commissioners and organizing free training courses and other measures,they could give forestry farmers technical support and enhance the management level,change the forestry management idea,and seek the forestry potential benefit.
引文
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[3]田淑英,许文立.基于DEA模型的中国林业投入产出效率评价[J].资源科学,2012,(10)∶1944-1950.
[4]Bruce John W,Rudrappa L Zongmin.Experimenting with Approaches to Common Property Forestry in China[J].Unasylva,1995,46(180)∶44-48.
[5]Albers Heidi J,Scott D Rozelle,Li Guo.China′s Forest Under Economic Reform:Timber Supplies,Environment Protection and Rural Resource Access[J].Contemporary Economic Policy,1998,(16)∶22-23.
[6]刘滨,雷显凯,杨冬梅,等.林农林业单户经营模式选择行为的影响因素研究[J].林业经济问题,2017,37(4)∶23-28.
[7]陈章纯,柯水发,赵铁珍,等.农户林地经营形式选择意愿的影响因素分析——基于福建省226户农户调查[J].林业经济,2014,36(7)∶48-54.
[8]黄和亮,王文烂,吴秀娟,等.影响农户参与林业合作经济组织因素分析——以福建省为例[J].林业经济,2008,(9)∶55-58.
[9]张红宇.新常态下的农民收入问题[J].农业经济问题,2015,36(5)∶4-11.
[10]Bizimana C,Nieuwoudt W L,Ferrer SRD.Farm Size,Land Fragmentation and Economic Efficiency in Southern Rwanda[Z].Agerkon,2004∶43.
[11]银小柯,王文烂.集体行动的逻辑视角下林业联户经营投入激励分析[J].林业经济问题,2011,31(5)∶406-410.
[12]Richetti A,Reis R P.The Soybean Production Frontier and Economic Efficiency in Mato Crosso Dosul,Brazil[J].Revista De Economic Sociologia Rural,2003,41(1)∶1-11.
[13]刘振滨,苏时鹏,郑逸芳,等.林改后农户林业经营效率的影响因素分析——基于DEA—Tobit分析法的实证研究[J].资源开发与市场,2014,30(12)∶1420-1424.
[14]曾云钦,张春霞,许佳贤.不同经营形式下的私有林经营规模效率研究——以福建为例[J].中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版),2011,5(3)∶32-35.
[15]申津羽,侯一蕾,吴静,等.农户选择林业不同经营形式的意愿及影响因素分析——基于福建省三明市的实证研究[J].林业科学,2014,50(11)∶138-146.
[16]李美娟,陈国宏.数据包络分析法(DEA)的研究与应用[J].中国工程科学,2003,(6)∶88-94.
[17]魏权龄.评价相对有效性的数据包络分析模型——DEA和网DEA[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2012.