北三台凸起周缘三叠系物源体系与沉积演化
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摘要
准噶尔盆地北三台凸起及其周缘三叠系前期的沉积演化研究较为薄弱,不能满足现阶段精细勘探的需求.本文根据岩心、测井、录井、地震和薄片等资料,论证了北三台凸起在三叠纪时期能向周缘地区提供物源,并结合古地貌特点、古气候特征和同沉积构造活动,对研究区沉积相及其时空演化进行了研究,认为北三台凸起在三叠纪时期属于水上低隆起,能够向周缘地区提供物源,且其提供物源能力在垂向地层上逐渐减弱.研究结果表明:北三台凸起在三叠纪属于正向地貌,地震发射特征上有明显的沟谷,上超和地层减薄现象,且周缘地区岩屑组合类型存在区域分带性,与其他地区存在明显的差异,发育大量磨圆棱角状-次棱角状的岩屑,砂砾岩厚度百分比为11%～79%,由北三台凸起向周缘地区逐渐降低.研究区主要发育三大物源体系,即北三台北部物源体系、北三台南部物源体系和南部物源体系.研究区主要发育扇三角洲相、滩坝和滨浅湖,砂体主要分布在近北三台凸起周缘地区和南部地区.受到古地貌、古气候和构造等作用的控制,研究区早三叠世湖平面开始上升,气候干旱,砂体发育规模较大,中晚三叠世湖平面继续上升,气候变得潮湿,砂体发育规模逐渐变小.研究区邻近北三台凸起地区下三叠统发育的地层砂砾岩厚度百分比高,砂体发育规模较大,为油气提供良好的储集场所,为下一步储层精细研究最有利勘探领域.
The insufficient study of sedimentary evolution in the Triassic of the Beisantai uplift and its periphery,Junggar basin,cannot meet the needs of further exploration at this stage.Based on the data of core,well logs,logging,seismic,and thin-sections,this paper confirmed that the Beisantai uplift can provide source to the surrounding area during the Triassic.Combined with pale-geomorphology background,paleoclimatic characteristics and synsedimentaryfaulting,the sedimentary facies and their spatiotemporal evolution were studied.The paleogeographic pattern of the Triassic in the study area shows that the Beisantai uplift is the low uplift above the lake,which can provide source to the periphery,and the ability of providing provenance gradually decreases in vertical formations.The results show that the Beisantai uplift is a positive geomorphology in the Triassic.There are obvious gullies,onlap and strata pinching in terms of seismic reflection characteristics.There is regional zoning in rock fragments assemblage types in the margin area of the Beisantai uplift,which is obviously different from other areas,and a large number of rounded angular-sub-angular rock fragments are developed.The thickness percentage of the conglomerates and sandstones is 11%—79%,gradually decreasing from the Beisantai uplift to its periphery.There are three main provenance systems in the study area,which are the north of the Beisantai uplift,the south of the Beisantai uplift and the southern provenance system.The study area mainly develops fan delta facies,beach bar and shore shallow lake depositional system,and the sand bodies basically distribute near the Beisantai uplift and in the south area.Controlled by pale-geomorphology,paleoclimate and tectonism,during the lower Triassic,the lake level began to increase,and the sand body developed over a larger scale under the arid climate.As the lake level continued to rise and the climate became wet in the middle and upper Triassic,the development scale of sand bodies gradually decreased.The formation of the lower Triassic has a high thickness percentage of the conglomerates and sandstones around the Beisantai uplift,and the sand bodies develops in a large scale,providing agood reservoir for oil and gas,which is the most favorable exploration area for further researches on reservoirs.
The insufficient study of sedimentary evolution in the Triassic of the Beisantai uplift and its periphery,Junggar basin,cannot meet the needs of further exploration at this stage.Based on the data of core,well logs,logging,seismic,and thin-sections,this paper confirmed that the Beisantai uplift can provide source to the surrounding area during the Triassic.Combined with pale-geomorphology background,paleoclimatic characteristics and synsedimentaryfaulting,the sedimentary facies and their spatiotemporal evolution were studied.The paleogeographic pattern of the Triassic in the study area shows that the Beisantai uplift is the low uplift above the lake,which can provide source to the periphery,and the ability of providing provenance gradually decreases in vertical formations.The results show that the Beisantai uplift is a positive geomorphology in the Triassic.There are obvious gullies,onlap and strata pinching in terms of seismic reflection characteristics.There is regional zoning in rock fragments assemblage types in the margin area of the Beisantai uplift,which is obviously different from other areas,and a large number of rounded angular-sub-angular rock fragments are developed.The thickness percentage of the conglomerates and sandstones is 11%—79%,gradually decreasing from the Beisantai uplift to its periphery.There are three main provenance systems in the study area,which are the north of the Beisantai uplift,the south of the Beisantai uplift and the southern provenance system.The study area mainly develops fan delta facies,beach bar and shore shallow lake depositional system,and the sand bodies basically distribute near the Beisantai uplift and in the south area.Controlled by pale-geomorphology,paleoclimate and tectonism,during the lower Triassic,the lake level began to increase,and the sand body developed over a larger scale under the arid climate.As the lake level continued to rise and the climate became wet in the middle and upper Triassic,the development scale of sand bodies gradually decreased.The formation of the lower Triassic has a high thickness percentage of the conglomerates and sandstones around the Beisantai uplift,and the sand bodies develops in a large scale,providing agood reservoir for oil and gas,which is the most favorable exploration area for further researches on reservoirs.
引文
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[14]WANG Jian,CAO Yingchang,WANG Xintong,et al.Sedimentological constraints on the initial uplift of the west Bogda mountains in Mid-Permian[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8(1):1453-1467.
[15]伍致中,郭富贤.再论博格达推覆构造与油气[J].新疆地质,1991,9(1):40-49.WU Zhizhong,GUO Fuxian.Re-discussion on the relationship between the thrust tectonics and oilgas in Bogeda mountians[J].Xinjiang Geology,1991,9(1):40-49.
[16]梁全胜,刘震,何小胡,等.根据地震资料恢复勘探新区地层剥蚀量[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(1):103-105.LIANG Quansheng,LIU Zhen,HE Xiaohu,et al.Study of stratigraghic denudation recovery by seismic data in new exploration area[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(1):103-105.
[17]厚刚福,瞿建华,朱峰,等.古地貌对沉积体系和沉积微相的控制作用分析:以准噶尔盆地腹部白垩系清水河组为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(5):1-7.HOU Gangfu,QU Jianhua,ZHU Feng,et al.Controlling effect of paleogeo-morphology on sedimentary system and sedimentary microfacies:A case study of Cretaceous Qingshuihe formation in the hinterland of Junggar basin[J].Journal of China U-niversity of Mining&Technology,2018,47(5):1-7.
[18]庞军刚,杨友运,李文厚,等.陆相含油气盆地古地貌恢复研究进展[J].西安科技大学学报,2013,33(4):424-430.PANG Jungang,YANG Youyun,LI Wenhou,et al.Study development of palaeogeomorphology reconstructions in continental facies hydrocarbon basin[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2013,33(4):423-430.
[19]汪晶,王华,陈思,等.酒泉盆地青西凹陷鸭西地区古地貌对沉积体系空间展布的控制作用[J].海洋地质前沿,2012,28(3):25-33.WANG Jing,WANG Hua,CHEN Si,et al.Control of palaeogeomorphology on sedimentary system distribution:An example from Qingxi depression,Jiuquan basin[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2012,28(3):25-33.
[20]赵红格,刘池洋.物源分析方法及研究进展[J].沉积学报,2003,21(3):409-415.ZHAO Hongge,LIU Chiyang.Approaches and prospects of provenance analysis[J].Acta Sedimentary Sinica,2003,21(3):409-415.
[21]杨仁超,李进步,樊爱萍,等.陆源沉积岩物源分析研究进展与发展趋势[J].沉积学报,2013,31(1):99-107.YANG Renchao,LI Jinbu,FAN Aiping,et al.Research progress and development tendency of provenance analysis on terrigenous sedimentary rocks[J].Acta Sedimentary Sinica,2013,31(1):99-107.
[22]马收先,孟庆任,曲永强.轻矿物物源分析研究进展[J].岩石学报,2014,30(2):597-608.MA Shouxian,MENG Qingren,QU Yongqiang.Development on provenance analysis of light minerals[J].Acta Sedimentary Sinica,2014,30(2):597-608.
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[2]薛新克,李新兵,王俊槐.准噶尔盆地东部油气成藏模式及勘探目标[J].新疆石油地质,2000,12(6):462-464.XUE Xinke,LI Xinbing,WANG Junhuai.Reservior formation mode and exploration target in the eastern Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2000,12(6):462-464.
[3]吴晓智,周路,杨迪生,等.准噶尔盆地北三台凸起构造演化与油气成藏[J].地质科学,2012,47(3):653-668.WU Xiaozhi,ZHOU Lu,YANG Disheng,et al.Structure evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation the Beisantai uplift in Junggar basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2012,47(3):653-668.
[4]曲江秀,查明,田辉,等.准噶尔盆地北三台地区不整合与油气成藏[J].新疆石油地质,2003,24(5):386-388.QU Jiangxiu,ZHA Ming,TIAN Hui,et al.Unconformities and hydrocarbon accumulation in Beisantai area,Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2003,24(5):386-388.
[5]张朝军,何登发,吴晓智,等.准噶尔多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].中国石油勘探,2006,11(1):47-58.ZHANG Chaojun,HE Dengfa,WU Xiaozhi,et al.Formation and evolution of multicycle superimposed basins in Junggar basin[J].China Petroleum exploration,2006,11(1):47-58.
[6]贺凯,田世澄,谭强,等.阜东斜坡-北三台地区成藏动力学系统研究[J].新疆地质,2007,25(4):422-425.HE Kai,TIAN Qiang,TAN Qiang,et al.The east of Fukang slop-north Santai area dyrocarbon-accumulation dynamic system research[J].Xinjiang Geology,2007,25(4):422-425.
[7]余朝丰,沈金龙.准噶尔盆地三台和北三台地区中三叠统克拉玛依组物源分析[J].地质科技情报,2011,30(1):51-54.YU Chaofeng,SHEN Jinlong.Analysis on sedimentary source of middle Triassic Karamay formation in Santai and Beisantai area,Junggar basin[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2011,30(1):51-54.
[8]吴孔友,查明,曲江秀,等.博格达山隆升对北三台地区构造形成与演化的控制作用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(2):1-5.WU Kongyou,ZHA Ming,QU Jiangxiu,et al.Control of Bogeda mountain uplift on the Structural formation and evolution in Beisantai region[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Sciences),2004,28(2):1-5.
[9]张妍,李振生,聂峰,等.新疆博格达山晚古生代地层的形成时代、物源及其演化:碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学证据[J].地质科学,2015,50(1):155-181.ZHANG Yan,LI Zhensheng,NIE Feng,et al.Age,provenance and tectonic of Late Paleozoic strata in Bogeda Mountain,Xinjiang:evidence from detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2015,50(1):155-181.
[10]邵国良,杜社宽,唐相路,等.准噶尔盆地北三台凸起中下三叠统沉积体系与储层特征[J].岩性油气藏,2013,25(3):58-65.SHAO Guoliang,DU Shekuan,TANG Xianglu,et al.Sedimentary system and reservoir characteristics of Lower-Middle Triassic in Beisantai swell,Junggar basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2013,25(3):58-65.
[11]蔡忠贤,陈发景,贾振远.准噶尔盆地的类型和构造演化[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):431-440.CAI Zhongxian,CHEN Fajing,JIA Zhenyuan.Types and tectonic of Junggar basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(4):431-440.
[12]商琳,刘旭,卞保力.准噶尔盆地北三台地区三叠系克拉玛依组沉积相[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2011,31(3):33-38.SHANG Lin,LIU Xu,BIAN Baoli.Sedimentary facies in the Triassic Karamay formation,Beisantai,Junggar basin[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2011,31(3):33-38.
[13]矫适之.准噶尔盆地南缘与东缘中-下三叠统沉积特征研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015:58-65.JIAO Shizhi.Study on The Middle-lower Triassic Sedimentary Characteristics in the southern and eastern Margin of Junggar basin[D].BeijinG:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2015:58-65.
[14]WANG Jian,CAO Yingchang,WANG Xintong,et al.Sedimentological constraints on the initial uplift of the west Bogda mountains in Mid-Permian[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8(1):1453-1467.
[15]伍致中,郭富贤.再论博格达推覆构造与油气[J].新疆地质,1991,9(1):40-49.WU Zhizhong,GUO Fuxian.Re-discussion on the relationship between the thrust tectonics and oilgas in Bogeda mountians[J].Xinjiang Geology,1991,9(1):40-49.
[16]梁全胜,刘震,何小胡,等.根据地震资料恢复勘探新区地层剥蚀量[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(1):103-105.LIANG Quansheng,LIU Zhen,HE Xiaohu,et al.Study of stratigraghic denudation recovery by seismic data in new exploration area[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(1):103-105.
[17]厚刚福,瞿建华,朱峰,等.古地貌对沉积体系和沉积微相的控制作用分析:以准噶尔盆地腹部白垩系清水河组为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(5):1-7.HOU Gangfu,QU Jianhua,ZHU Feng,et al.Controlling effect of paleogeo-morphology on sedimentary system and sedimentary microfacies:A case study of Cretaceous Qingshuihe formation in the hinterland of Junggar basin[J].Journal of China U-niversity of Mining&Technology,2018,47(5):1-7.
[18]庞军刚,杨友运,李文厚,等.陆相含油气盆地古地貌恢复研究进展[J].西安科技大学学报,2013,33(4):424-430.PANG Jungang,YANG Youyun,LI Wenhou,et al.Study development of palaeogeomorphology reconstructions in continental facies hydrocarbon basin[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2013,33(4):423-430.
[19]汪晶,王华,陈思,等.酒泉盆地青西凹陷鸭西地区古地貌对沉积体系空间展布的控制作用[J].海洋地质前沿,2012,28(3):25-33.WANG Jing,WANG Hua,CHEN Si,et al.Control of palaeogeomorphology on sedimentary system distribution:An example from Qingxi depression,Jiuquan basin[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2012,28(3):25-33.
[20]赵红格,刘池洋.物源分析方法及研究进展[J].沉积学报,2003,21(3):409-415.ZHAO Hongge,LIU Chiyang.Approaches and prospects of provenance analysis[J].Acta Sedimentary Sinica,2003,21(3):409-415.
[21]杨仁超,李进步,樊爱萍,等.陆源沉积岩物源分析研究进展与发展趋势[J].沉积学报,2013,31(1):99-107.YANG Renchao,LI Jinbu,FAN Aiping,et al.Research progress and development tendency of provenance analysis on terrigenous sedimentary rocks[J].Acta Sedimentary Sinica,2013,31(1):99-107.
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