不同施肥处理下北方杂交粳稻干物质积累转移特性及其与产量关系
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摘要
为了探究北方杂交粳稻具有生物量大、抗逆性强而产量优势不突出的原因,以140份恢复系材料与不育系辽99A杂交组配而成的140个杂交粳稻组合为试材,通过田间小区对比试验,设置正常肥力(施加底肥、蘖肥和孕穗肥)和低肥(仅施加底肥)两种施肥量处理,对杂交粳稻在不同施肥处理条件下干物质积累转移的特性及其与产量关系进行了研究。结果表明:结实率低、千粒重小是制约杂交粳稻产量优势发挥的主要限制因素;杂交粳稻产量更依赖齐穗期后干物质的生产;低肥条件下杂交粳稻茎和鞘部干物质输出率增加,而叶片干物质输出率减少。降低茎部积累干物质的输出率、增加叶片干物质输出率的相差值,有利于降低不同肥力条件下产量的差值,提高杂交粳稻的耐低肥特性优势,为杂交粳稻抗逆性选择育种提供依据。
To explore the reasons for the large biomass and strong stress resistance but no outstanding yield advantage of japonica hybrid rice,140 hybrid combinations of japonica hybrid rice,which were cross-fertilized from 140 restorer lines and BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility( BT-CMS) line Liao-99 A,were used to examine dry matter accumulation,transportation and their relationships with yield under two fertilization treatments: normal fertilization( including basic fertilizer,tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer) and low fertilization( including basic fertilizer only). The results showed that lower seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were the most important factors limiting the yield advantage of japonica hybrid rice. The yield of japonica hybrid rice was more dependent on dry matter accumulation after full heading stage. Under the low fertilization treatment,dry matter export percentage from stem and sheath increased and that from leaf decreased. Reducing the export percentage of dry matter accumulation in stem and increasing that in leaf were beneficial to decrease the yield discrepancy under different fertilizer treatments and promote the superiority of japonica hybrid rice in tolerating low-fertility. Our results could provide important insights in the selection of resistance breeding of japonica hybrid rice.
To explore the reasons for the large biomass and strong stress resistance but no outstanding yield advantage of japonica hybrid rice,140 hybrid combinations of japonica hybrid rice,which were cross-fertilized from 140 restorer lines and BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility( BT-CMS) line Liao-99 A,were used to examine dry matter accumulation,transportation and their relationships with yield under two fertilization treatments: normal fertilization( including basic fertilizer,tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer) and low fertilization( including basic fertilizer only). The results showed that lower seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were the most important factors limiting the yield advantage of japonica hybrid rice. The yield of japonica hybrid rice was more dependent on dry matter accumulation after full heading stage. Under the low fertilization treatment,dry matter export percentage from stem and sheath increased and that from leaf decreased. Reducing the export percentage of dry matter accumulation in stem and increasing that in leaf were beneficial to decrease the yield discrepancy under different fertilizer treatments and promote the superiority of japonica hybrid rice in tolerating low-fertility. Our results could provide important insights in the selection of resistance breeding of japonica hybrid rice.
引文
陈丽楠,彭显龙,刘元英,等.2010.养分管理对寒地水稻养分吸收动态及产量的影响.东北农业大学学报,41(5):52-55.
陈温福,徐正进,张龙步.1995.水稻超高产育种生理基础.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社:69-94.
邓华凤.2008.中国杂交粳稻.北京:中国农业出版社:12-13.
董春华,曾闹华,高菊生,等.2014.长期不同施肥模式下红壤性稻田水稻产量及有机碳含量变化特征.中国水稻科学,28(2):193-198.
杜加银,茹美,倪吾钟.2013.减氮控磷稳钾施肥对水稻产量及养分积累的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,19(3):523-533.
房闵,唐亮,徐海.等.2012.北方杂交粳稻干物质积累转移特点及其与产量的关系.沈阳农业大学学报,43(6):759-766.
高菊生,黄晶,董春华,等.2014.长期有机无机肥配施对水稻产量及土壤有效养分影响.土壤学报,51(2):314-321.
龚金龙,张洪程,胡雅杰.2013.灌浆结实期温度对水稻产量和品质形成的影响.生态学杂志,32(2):482-491.
韩勇,邓媛,沈枫,等.2008.辽宁省杂交粳稻产量构成及光合生理生态特性研究.安徽农业科学,36(5):1852-1855,1925.
华泽田,郝宪彬,王彦荣,等.2007.超级杂交粳稻育种技术探讨.沈阳农业大学学报,38(5):744-747.
雷敏,周萍,黄道友,等.2012.长期施肥对水稻土有机碳分布及化学结合形态的影响.生态学杂志,31(4):967-974.
李杰,张洪程,钱银飞,等.2009.两个杂交粳稻组合超高产生长特性的研究.中国水稻科学,23(2):179-185.
李红莉,张卫峰,张福锁,等.2010.中国主要粮食作物化肥施用量与效率变化分析.植物营养与肥料学报,16(5):1136-1143.
李秀芬,贾燕,黄元才,等.2004.播栽期对水稻产量和产量构成因素及生育期的影响.生态学杂志,23(5):98-100.
刘建丰,袁隆平,邓启云,等.2005.超高产杂交稻的光合特性研究.中国农业科学,38(2):258-264.
鲁艳红,廖育林,周兴,等.2015.长期不同施肥对红壤性水稻土产量及基础地力的影响.土壤学报,52(3):597-606.
罗盛国,尹宇龙,刘元英,等.2015.养分管理对寒地直播稻干物质积累、转运及产量影响.东北农业大学学报,46(12):16-23,32.
史开兵,邓华凤.2004.中国杂交粳稻科技创新研讨会.杂交水稻,19(3):76.
唐海明,肖小平,李超,等.2018.长期施肥对双季稻区水稻植株养分积累与转运的影响.生态环境学报,27(3):469-477.
汪航,周建光,翟国栋,等.2015.不同有机肥与化肥配合施用对水稻增产效果研究.现代农业科技,(11):23-26.
王忠,沈建国,楼玲,等.2017.不同配方复合肥对籼粳杂交化肥减量增效的探索.中国农学通报,33(29):72-76.
吴文革,张洪程,钱银飞,等.2007.超级杂交中籼水稻物质生产特性分析.中国水稻科学,21(3):287-293.
闫湘,金继运,梁鸣早.2017.我国主要粮食作物化肥增产效应与肥料利用效率.土壤,49(6):1067-1077.
杨建昌,杜永,吴长付,等.2006.超高产粳型水稻生长发育特性的研究.中国农业科学,39(7):1336-1345.
袁颖红,樊后保,黄欠如,等.2009.长期施肥对水稻光合特性及水分利用效率的影响.生态学杂志,28(11):2239-2244.
张宏根,孔宪旺,朱正斌,等.2010.粳稻三系亲本的性状特征与杂种优势分析.作物学报,36(5):801-809.
张洪松,岩田忠寿,佐腾勉.1995.粳型杂交稻与常规稻的物质生产及营养特性的比较.西南农业学报,8(4):11-16.
张文锋,袁颖红,周际海,等.2016.长期施肥对红壤性水稻土碳库管理指数和双季水稻产量的影响.生态环境学报,25(4):569-575.
赵凌,赵春芳,周丽慧,等.2015.中国水稻生产现状与发展趋势.江苏农业科学,43(10):105-107.
郑盛华,陈红琳,陈雨芝,等.2017.川西平原不同基础地力和施肥对水稻生长及产量的影响.中国农学通报,33(23):63-67.
Peng SB,Tang QY,Zou YB.2009.Current status and challenges of rice production in China.Plant Production Science,12:3-8.
Peng SB,Buresh RJ,Huang JL,et al.2006.Strategies for overcoming low agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice systems in China.Field Crops Research,96:37-47.
Peng SB,Huang JL,Zhong XH,et al.2002.Challenge an opportunity in improving fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated rice in China.Agricultural Sciences in China,1:776-785.
陈温福,徐正进,张龙步.1995.水稻超高产育种生理基础.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社:69-94.
邓华凤.2008.中国杂交粳稻.北京:中国农业出版社:12-13.
董春华,曾闹华,高菊生,等.2014.长期不同施肥模式下红壤性稻田水稻产量及有机碳含量变化特征.中国水稻科学,28(2):193-198.
杜加银,茹美,倪吾钟.2013.减氮控磷稳钾施肥对水稻产量及养分积累的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,19(3):523-533.
房闵,唐亮,徐海.等.2012.北方杂交粳稻干物质积累转移特点及其与产量的关系.沈阳农业大学学报,43(6):759-766.
高菊生,黄晶,董春华,等.2014.长期有机无机肥配施对水稻产量及土壤有效养分影响.土壤学报,51(2):314-321.
龚金龙,张洪程,胡雅杰.2013.灌浆结实期温度对水稻产量和品质形成的影响.生态学杂志,32(2):482-491.
韩勇,邓媛,沈枫,等.2008.辽宁省杂交粳稻产量构成及光合生理生态特性研究.安徽农业科学,36(5):1852-1855,1925.
华泽田,郝宪彬,王彦荣,等.2007.超级杂交粳稻育种技术探讨.沈阳农业大学学报,38(5):744-747.
雷敏,周萍,黄道友,等.2012.长期施肥对水稻土有机碳分布及化学结合形态的影响.生态学杂志,31(4):967-974.
李杰,张洪程,钱银飞,等.2009.两个杂交粳稻组合超高产生长特性的研究.中国水稻科学,23(2):179-185.
李红莉,张卫峰,张福锁,等.2010.中国主要粮食作物化肥施用量与效率变化分析.植物营养与肥料学报,16(5):1136-1143.
李秀芬,贾燕,黄元才,等.2004.播栽期对水稻产量和产量构成因素及生育期的影响.生态学杂志,23(5):98-100.
刘建丰,袁隆平,邓启云,等.2005.超高产杂交稻的光合特性研究.中国农业科学,38(2):258-264.
鲁艳红,廖育林,周兴,等.2015.长期不同施肥对红壤性水稻土产量及基础地力的影响.土壤学报,52(3):597-606.
罗盛国,尹宇龙,刘元英,等.2015.养分管理对寒地直播稻干物质积累、转运及产量影响.东北农业大学学报,46(12):16-23,32.
史开兵,邓华凤.2004.中国杂交粳稻科技创新研讨会.杂交水稻,19(3):76.
唐海明,肖小平,李超,等.2018.长期施肥对双季稻区水稻植株养分积累与转运的影响.生态环境学报,27(3):469-477.
汪航,周建光,翟国栋,等.2015.不同有机肥与化肥配合施用对水稻增产效果研究.现代农业科技,(11):23-26.
王忠,沈建国,楼玲,等.2017.不同配方复合肥对籼粳杂交化肥减量增效的探索.中国农学通报,33(29):72-76.
吴文革,张洪程,钱银飞,等.2007.超级杂交中籼水稻物质生产特性分析.中国水稻科学,21(3):287-293.
闫湘,金继运,梁鸣早.2017.我国主要粮食作物化肥增产效应与肥料利用效率.土壤,49(6):1067-1077.
杨建昌,杜永,吴长付,等.2006.超高产粳型水稻生长发育特性的研究.中国农业科学,39(7):1336-1345.
袁颖红,樊后保,黄欠如,等.2009.长期施肥对水稻光合特性及水分利用效率的影响.生态学杂志,28(11):2239-2244.
张宏根,孔宪旺,朱正斌,等.2010.粳稻三系亲本的性状特征与杂种优势分析.作物学报,36(5):801-809.
张洪松,岩田忠寿,佐腾勉.1995.粳型杂交稻与常规稻的物质生产及营养特性的比较.西南农业学报,8(4):11-16.
张文锋,袁颖红,周际海,等.2016.长期施肥对红壤性水稻土碳库管理指数和双季水稻产量的影响.生态环境学报,25(4):569-575.
赵凌,赵春芳,周丽慧,等.2015.中国水稻生产现状与发展趋势.江苏农业科学,43(10):105-107.
郑盛华,陈红琳,陈雨芝,等.2017.川西平原不同基础地力和施肥对水稻生长及产量的影响.中国农学通报,33(23):63-67.
Peng SB,Tang QY,Zou YB.2009.Current status and challenges of rice production in China.Plant Production Science,12:3-8.
Peng SB,Buresh RJ,Huang JL,et al.2006.Strategies for overcoming low agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice systems in China.Field Crops Research,96:37-47.
Peng SB,Huang JL,Zhong XH,et al.2002.Challenge an opportunity in improving fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated rice in China.Agricultural Sciences in China,1:776-785.