薏苡脱壳机关键部件作业参数优化与试验
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摘要
针对薏苡脱壳设备脱净率差、破碎率高,相关工艺与装备研究几近空白的现状,该文结合薏苡物料特性,运用中心组合试验设计理论开展关键部件作业参数试验与优化,重点研究薏苡脱壳机脱壳仓作业关键参数中动盘转速、动静磨盘间隙、静盘工作面宽度对脱净率、破碎率的影响规律,并以脱净率、破碎率为响应指标进行多目标优化。首先对主产区主要薏苡品种物料特性进行研究,并进行与脱壳相关的物理参数测定,然后采用二次正交旋转组合试验方法设计试验并用Design-Expert进行数据处理,建立脱净率、破碎率的回归数学模型并进行方差分析。分析得出影响薏苡脱壳机脱净率的主次因素依次为:动盘转速>静盘工作面宽度>动静磨盘间隙;影响破碎率的主次因素依次为:静盘工作面宽度>动静磨盘间隙>动盘转速。通过响应曲面方法分析各因素交互作用对脱净率、破碎率的影响,并根据优化目标的重要程度(脱净率较破碎率重要)对回归模型进行多目标优化,得出薏苡脱壳机关键部件最佳作业参数组合为:动盘转速1 076.02 r/min,动静磨盘间隙4.91 mm,静盘工作面宽度7.63 mm。此时,脱壳机脱净率最高、破碎率最低,其值分别为50.49%、3.02%。将优化参数在薏苡脱壳设备上开展验证及批量化流水加工作业,流水加工作业脱净率达51.1%、破碎率3.6%,设备作业质量大幅提升,达到了较为理想的效果。该研究可为提升薏苡脱壳机作业质量提供参考。
In order to improve the shelling rate and reduce the breakage rate, the central composite experiments were conducted to optimize the working parameters. Firstly, the physical properties of coix lacryma-jobi were studied, and the study object was "White shell coix lacryma-jobi" planted widely in Guizhou Province, the shape of which was irregular, and the thousand kernel weight was 86.5 g. Proportion of thickness δ≤5 mm was 25%, 5<δ≤5.5 was 58%, and others were δ>5.5. The weight ratio of shell and kernel was 1:2.5. The moisture content of shell and kernel was 11.6% and 12.7% respectively. The crushing force of coix lacryma-jobi was 45 N≤F≤95 N, 60% of which was about 65 N. The flow angle of coix lacryma-jobi tested by inclined surface device was 14.5°. Based on composite experiment methods of quadratic orthogonal rotation, the effects of key components' main working parameters of coix lacryma-jobi sheller on shelling rate and breakage rate were analyzed, the parameters include rotation speed of rotary plate, distance between rotary and stationary plate, working face width of stationary plate, and the data were analyzed based on the Design-Expert software. The mathematical regression models of shelling rate and breakage rate were built, and corresponding variance analysis were conducted. A regression equation of the relationship between variation coefficient of 3 main working parameters was obtained. Through the analysis of variance, the results showed that the most influential factor for shelling rate was the rotation speed of rotary plate, and the minimum impact factor was the distance between rotary and stationary plate; regarding to the breakage rate, the most influential factor was working face width of stationary plate, and the minimum impact factor was the rotation speed of rotary plate. The response surface method was utilized to analyze the effects of factors' interaction on shelling rate and breakage rate, and the multi-objective optimizations were conducted for the regression models to obtain the working parameters for the best shelling rate and the lowest breakage rate. The optimal combination working parameters of key components of coix lacryma-jobi sheller were the speed of rotary plate was 1 076.02 r/min, the distance between rotary and stationary plate is 4.91 mm, and the working face width of stationary plate of 7.63 mm. Under the condition of the optimal combination working parameters, the shelling rate and breakage rate was 50.49% and 3.02%, respectively. The production verification test was conducted in factory. With the optimal parameters of coix lacryma-jobi sheller, the shelling rate was improved greatly, and the shelling rate and breakage rate was 51.1% and 3.6%, respectively, which close to the results obtained from the previous model. The study provides the scientific basis for key components' working parameters optimization of coix lacryma-jobi sheller.
In order to improve the shelling rate and reduce the breakage rate, the central composite experiments were conducted to optimize the working parameters. Firstly, the physical properties of coix lacryma-jobi were studied, and the study object was "White shell coix lacryma-jobi" planted widely in Guizhou Province, the shape of which was irregular, and the thousand kernel weight was 86.5 g. Proportion of thickness δ≤5 mm was 25%, 5<δ≤5.5 was 58%, and others were δ>5.5. The weight ratio of shell and kernel was 1:2.5. The moisture content of shell and kernel was 11.6% and 12.7% respectively. The crushing force of coix lacryma-jobi was 45 N≤F≤95 N, 60% of which was about 65 N. The flow angle of coix lacryma-jobi tested by inclined surface device was 14.5°. Based on composite experiment methods of quadratic orthogonal rotation, the effects of key components' main working parameters of coix lacryma-jobi sheller on shelling rate and breakage rate were analyzed, the parameters include rotation speed of rotary plate, distance between rotary and stationary plate, working face width of stationary plate, and the data were analyzed based on the Design-Expert software. The mathematical regression models of shelling rate and breakage rate were built, and corresponding variance analysis were conducted. A regression equation of the relationship between variation coefficient of 3 main working parameters was obtained. Through the analysis of variance, the results showed that the most influential factor for shelling rate was the rotation speed of rotary plate, and the minimum impact factor was the distance between rotary and stationary plate; regarding to the breakage rate, the most influential factor was working face width of stationary plate, and the minimum impact factor was the rotation speed of rotary plate. The response surface method was utilized to analyze the effects of factors' interaction on shelling rate and breakage rate, and the multi-objective optimizations were conducted for the regression models to obtain the working parameters for the best shelling rate and the lowest breakage rate. The optimal combination working parameters of key components of coix lacryma-jobi sheller were the speed of rotary plate was 1 076.02 r/min, the distance between rotary and stationary plate is 4.91 mm, and the working face width of stationary plate of 7.63 mm. Under the condition of the optimal combination working parameters, the shelling rate and breakage rate was 50.49% and 3.02%, respectively. The production verification test was conducted in factory. With the optimal parameters of coix lacryma-jobi sheller, the shelling rate was improved greatly, and the shelling rate and breakage rate was 51.1% and 3.6%, respectively, which close to the results obtained from the previous model. The study provides the scientific basis for key components' working parameters optimization of coix lacryma-jobi sheller.
引文
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[10]邓素芳,应朝阳,杨有泉,等.薏苡功能性成分研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(12):123-128.Deng Sufang,Ying Zhaoyang,Yang Youquan,et al.Research progress of functional ingredients on adlay[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(12):123-128.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[13]胡志刚,张永林,候传亮,等.薏仁米砂盘式脱壳机设计及其有限元分析[J].食品与机械,2016,32(8):75-78.Hu Zhigang,Zhang Yoinglin,Hou Chuanliang,et al.The design and finite element analysis of the adlay grinding Plate Sheller[J].Food and Machinery,2016,32(8):75-78.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]施丽莉,胡志超,谢焕雄,等.动静磨盘式薏苡脱壳机构性能参数试验研究[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(9):357-359.
[15]施丽莉,胡志超,江家伍,等.动静磨盘式薏苡脱壳试验台设计与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2015,36(2):87-91.Shi Lili,Hu Zhichao,Jiang Jiawu,et al.Design and experiment of the test bench for the dynamic disk type coix shelling[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization.2015,36(2):87-91.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]Deshpande S D,Bal S,Ojha T P.Physical properties of soybean[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1993,56(2):89-98.
[17]Zhou B,Ileleji K E,Ejeta G.Physical property relationships of bulk corn stover particles[J].Transactions of the Asabe,2008,51(2):581-590.
[18]Izli N.Effect of moisture on the physical properties of three varieties of kenaf seeds[J].Journal of Food Science&Technology,2015,52(6):1-10.
[19]马秋成,郭耿君,马婕,等.莲仁力学特性参数测定及挤压破碎特性试验[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(6):263-271.Ma Qiucheng,Guo Gengjun,Ma Jie,et al.Determination of mechanical characteristic parameters and extrusion crushing characteristics test for lotus seed kernel[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2018,34(6):263-271.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]张琴,丁为民,邓丽君,等.芡实机械脱壳中的摩擦特性试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(1):56-63.Zhang Qin,Ding Weimin,Deng Lijun,et al.Experimental study on friction characteristics of gorgon nuts(Euryale ferox)in mechanical shelling[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(1):56-63.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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