雪鸡坪-春都斑岩性铜矿区土壤重金属污染评价及植物优选
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摘要
根据对香格里拉县雪鸡坪—春都斑岩性铜矿区主体矿区的25个样地的土壤和植物叶片检测结果,运用地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对土壤重金属污染状况进行评价,并运用富集系数筛选优良修复植物,为今后雪鸡坪—春都矿区土壤改良和修复提供科学依据。评价结果表明,矿区土壤中重金属的污染程度由高到底依次为:Pb>As>Cu>Hg>Cr>Zn>Cd,单个重金属元素的潜在生态危害风险程度,由强到弱依次为:Hg(98.7)>Pb(28.2)>As(21.1)>Cd(16.6)>Cu(14.6)>Cr(2.1)>Zn(1.0),综合来看,矿区土壤污染主要受Pb,Cu,Hg和As这4种元素影响为主。依据矿区6种典型植物对重金属的富集能力,建议矿区选择铜锤玉带草为先锋植物,以铜锤玉带草、杜鹃、云南松、高山栎4种植物组成的群落作为修复矿区土壤的先锋植物群落。
We tested the soil and plant leaves taken from 25 sample plots in the main mine of Xuejiping-Chundu porphyry cooper mine deposit,Shangri-La County.Then we used the geo-accumulation index and the potential ecological risk index to evaluate the heavy metal pollution of soil and used bioaccumulation factor to screen the fine plants.The results could be used as the basis of soil improvement and remediation in the future.The rank(from high to low)of the heavy metals in soils is Pb>As>Cu>Hg>Cr>Zn>Cd.The rank(from strong to weak)of single metal element risk of potential ecological harm degree is Hg(98.7)>Pb(28.2)>As(21.1)>Cd(16.6)>Cu(14.6)>Cr(2.1)>Zn(1.0).In general,the soil was mainly polluted by Pb,Cu,Hg,and As.According to the mining area of 6kinds of typical plants for heavy metal accumulation capability,we advised to choose Pratia nummularia as the pioneer plant and the plant community with Rhododendron simsii,Pinus yunnanensis,Quercus semicarpifolia as the remediation pioneer plant community of polluted mine soil.
We tested the soil and plant leaves taken from 25 sample plots in the main mine of Xuejiping-Chundu porphyry cooper mine deposit,Shangri-La County.Then we used the geo-accumulation index and the potential ecological risk index to evaluate the heavy metal pollution of soil and used bioaccumulation factor to screen the fine plants.The results could be used as the basis of soil improvement and remediation in the future.The rank(from high to low)of the heavy metals in soils is Pb>As>Cu>Hg>Cr>Zn>Cd.The rank(from strong to weak)of single metal element risk of potential ecological harm degree is Hg(98.7)>Pb(28.2)>As(21.1)>Cd(16.6)>Cu(14.6)>Cr(2.1)>Zn(1.0).In general,the soil was mainly polluted by Pb,Cu,Hg,and As.According to the mining area of 6kinds of typical plants for heavy metal accumulation capability,we advised to choose Pratia nummularia as the pioneer plant and the plant community with Rhododendron simsii,Pinus yunnanensis,Quercus semicarpifolia as the remediation pioneer plant community of polluted mine soil.
引文
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[21]李晓铭,赵世民,王道玮,等.滇池表层沉积物中重金属污染特征及评价[J].地球与环境,2013,41(6):647-655.
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[26]常青山,马祥庆.重金属超富集植物筛选研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(S):330-335.
[2]黄兴星,朱先芳,唐磊,等.北京市密云水库上游金铁矿区土壤重金属污染特征及对比研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(6):1520-1528.
[3]李祥平,齐剑英,王春霖,等.粤西黄铁矿区铊—铅污染土壤的环境质量研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):496-501.
[4]李录久,吴萍萍,杨自保,等.矿区土壤重金属污染现状调查[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(13):3136-3137.
[5]储彬彬,罗立强.南京栖霞山铅锌矿地区土壤重金属污染评价[J].岩矿测试,2010,29(1):5-8.
[6]石占飞,王力.神木矿区土壤重金属含量特征及潜在风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(6):1150-1158.
[7]郭立军,黄道友,刘胜平,等.株洲城郊土壤重金属污染状况及防治对策[J].湖南农业科学,2009(9):49-51.
[8]陈桥,胡克,王建国,等.矿山土地污染危害及污染源探讨[J].国土资源科技管理,2004,21(4):50-53.
[9]卓文珊,唐建锋,管东生.广州市城区土壤重金属空间分布特征及其污染评价[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2009,48(4):47-51.
[10]Rattan R K,Datta S P,Chhonkar P K,et al.Longterm impact of irrigation with sewage effluents on heavy metal content in soils,crops and groundwater:A case study[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2005,109(3):310-322.
[11]Surdyk N,Cary L,Blagojevic S,et al.Impact of irrigation with treated low quality water on the heavy metal contents of a soil-crop system in Serbia[J].Agricultural Water Management,2010,98(3):451-457.
[12]樊文华,李慧峰,白中科,等.黄土区大型露天煤矿煤矸石自燃对复垦土壤质量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(2):319-324.
[13]吕烈武,郭彬,漆智平.海南省万宁市水稻土重金属污染的初步研究[J].热带作物学报,2009,30(7):1023-1027.
[14]陈素兰,陈波,章勇.X-荧光光谱法在土壤调查中的应用[J].中国环境监测,2007,23(1):19-22.
[15]王冬进.原子吸收法直接测量土壤中的汞含量[J].污染防治技术,2010,23(1):82-83.
[16]安琼,董元华,王辉.苏南某市农田土壤有毒有害元素分布状况及影响因素[J].土壤,2005,37(2):147-151.
[17]Muller G.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River[J].Geojournal,1969,2(3):108-118.
[18]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.A sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[19]范拴喜,甘卓亭,李美娟.土壤重金属污染评价方法进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(17):310-315.
[20]郭平,谢忠雷,李军,等.长春市土壤重金属污染特征及其潜在生态风险评价[J].地理科学,2005,25(1):108-112.
[21]李晓铭,赵世民,王道玮,等.滇池表层沉积物中重金属污染特征及评价[J].地球与环境,2013,41(6):647-655.
[23]Garbisu C,Alkorta I.Phytoextraction:a cost-effective plant-based technology for the removal of metals from the environment[J].Bioresource Technology,2001,77(3):229-236.
[24]Salt D E,Blaylock M,Kumar N P,et al.Phytoremediation:a novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants[J].Bio/Technolgy,1995(13):468-474.
[25]孙庆业,刘付程.铜陵铜矿尾矿理化性质的变化对植被重建的影响[J].农村生态环境,1998,14(1):21-23.
[26]常青山,马祥庆.重金属超富集植物筛选研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(S):330-335.