从病程角度阐释有机种植作物病害防控策略
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摘要
植物病原物侵染农作物,会引起病害,影响作物正常生长发育,造成作物品质和产量损失。化学药剂防治是常规种植中作物病害防治的主要手段,有机种植禁止使用化学农药,科学确立作物病害防控技术对有机农业的可持续发展具有重要意义。从植物病原物侵染过程的接触期、侵入期、潜育期和发病期分别探讨限制病原物侵入作物、减少侵入作物病原物数量、调控病原物侵染和增殖的环境、应用治愈性方法减轻病害症状等针对性防控策略,并结合国内外实践案例详述技术措施,旨在为有机种植作物病害防控提供新的思路和手段。
引文
[1]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会.有机产品:GB/T 19630.1-2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[2]Willer H,Yussefi-Menzler M,Sorensen N.The world of organic agriculture-statistics and emerging trends 2009[J].Statistics and Emerging Trends,2006,10(1):17.
[3]国家认证认可监督管理委员会,中国农业大学.中国有机产品认证与有机产业发展(2016)[M].北京:中国质检出版社,中国标准出版社,2017.
[4]冯占山,高世杰.农业可持续发展与农作物病害的持续控制[J].现代化农业,2013(3):5-6.
[5]董金皋,康振生,周雪平.植物病理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[6]Leoni C,Rossing W A H,van Bruggen A H C.Crop rotation,plant diseases and their management in organic agriculture[M].St Paul MN:APS Press,2015.
[7]Huang Y H,Wang R C,Li C H,et al.Control of Fusarium wilt in banana with Chinese leek[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,2012,134(1):87-95.
[8]钏有聪,张立猛,焦永鸽,等.大蒜与烤烟轮作对烟草黑胫病的防治效果及作用机理初探[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(5):55-62.
[9]柳红娟,黄洁,刘子凡,等.木薯轮作年限对枯萎病高发蕉园土壤抑病性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(2):255-259.
[10]王夏雯,余翔,乔俊卿,等.西瓜茬后种植稻麦对土壤微生物数量和西瓜枯萎病发生的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2015,31(6):1291-1295.
[11]Bniggen A H C V,Termorskuizen A J.Integrated approaches to root disease management in organic farming systems[J].Australasian Plant Pathology,2003,32(2):141-156.
[12]Karalus W,Rauber R.Effect of presprouting on yield of maincrop potatoes(Solanum tuberosum L.)in organic farming[J].Journal of Agronomy&Crop Science,2010,179(4):241-249.
[13]费维新,王淑芬,李强生,等.冬油菜适当迟播有效减轻油菜根肿病[J].中国油料作物学报,2016,38(4):502-507.
[14]王磊,杨诚,刘玉升,等.玉米不同播期与玉米粗缩病发生及产量的关系研究[J].山东农业大学学报,2013,44(1):66-69.
[15]Subbarao K V,Koike S T,Hubbard J C.Effects of deep plowing on the distribution and density of Sclerotinia minor sclerotia and lettuce drop incidence[J].Plant Disease,1996,80(1):28.
[16]Bruggen A H V,Gamliel A,Finckh M R.Plant disease management in organic farming systems[J].Pest Management Science,2016,72(1):15.
[17]Mitchell P L.Heteroptera as vectors of plant pathogens[J].Neotropical Entomology,2004,88(3):519-545.
[18]Saucke H,D9ring T.Potato Virus Y reduction by straw mulch in organic potatoes[J].Annals of Applied Biology,2015,144(3):347-355.
[19]Polston J F,Lapidot M.Management of tomato yellow leaf curl virus,Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease[M].Dordrecht:Springer,2007.
[20]Cohen S.Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,a whitefly-borne geminivirus of tomatoes[M]//Advances in disease vector research.New York:Springer,1994.
[21]Díaz B M,Biurrun R,Aránzazu M,et al.Impact of ultravioletblocking plastic films on insect vectors of virus diseases infesting crisp lettuce[J].Hortscience,2006,41(3):711-716.
[22]魏家鹏,王茂昌,王祥,等.日光温室番茄褪绿病毒病综合防控技术[J].中国蔬菜,2016(10):30-30.
[23]Bueren E T L V,Struik P C,Jacobsen E.Organic propagation of seed and planting material:an overview of problems and challenges for research[J].NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences,2004,51(3):263-277.
[24]Wolfe M S,Baresel J P,Desclaux D,et al.Developments in breeding cereals for organic agriculture[J].Euphytica,2008,163(3):323-346.
[25]Roberts D P,Lakshman D K,Maul J E,et al.Control of dampingoff of organic and conventional cucumber with extracts from a plantassociated bacterium rivals a seed treatment pesticide[J].Crop Protection,2014,65:86-94.
[26]Holger D.Cultural methods for controlling Botrytis cinerea Pers.in strawberry[J].Biological Agriculture&Horticulture,1999,16(4):11.
[27]Bockus W W,Shroyer J P.The impact of reduced tillage on soilborne plant pathogens[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,1998,36(1):485-500.
[28]Gamliel A,Katan J.Soil solarization:theory and practice[M].St Paul M N:APS Press,2012.
[29]Klein E,Katan J,Gamliel A.Soil suppressiveness to fusarium disease following organic amendments and solarization[J].Plant Disease,2011,95(9):1116-1123.
[30]Yildiz A,Benlioglu S,zhan B,et al.Use of different plastics for soil solarization in strawberry growth and time-temperature relationships for the control of Macrophomina phaseolinaand weeds[J].Phytoparasitica,2010,38(5):463-473.
[31]Butler D M,Kokalis-Burelle N,Muramoto J,et al.Impact of anaerobic soil disinfestation combined with soil solarisation on plant-parasitic nematodes and introduced inoculum of soilborne plant pathogens in raised-bed vegetable production[J].Crop Protection,2012,39(8):33-40.
[32]Lamers J G,Wanten P,Blok W J.Biological soil disinfestation:a safe and effective approach for controlling soilborne pests and diseases[J].Agroindustria,2004,3:289-291.
[33]Momma N,Yamamoto K,Simandi P,et al.Role of organic acids in the mechanisms of biological soil disinfestation(BSD)[J].Journal of General Plant Pathology,2006,72(4):247-252.
[34]Hewavitharana S S,Ruddell D,Mazzola M.Carbon sourcedependent antifungal and nematicidal volatiles derived during anaerobic soil disinfestation[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,2014,140(1):39-52.
[35]Goud J K C,Termorshuizen A J,Blok W J,et al.Long-term effect of biological soil disinfestation on Verticillium wilt[J].Plant Disease,2004,88(7):688-694.
[36]Lazarovits G,Conn K L,Abbasi P A,et al.Reduction of potato tuber diseases with organic soil amendments in two Prince Edward Island fields[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,2008,30(1):37-45.
[37]Matthiessen J N,Kirkegaard J A.Biofumigation and enhanced biodegradation:opportunity and challenge in soilborne pest and disease management[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,2006,25(3):31.
[38]王德江,杨自超,乔世佳,等.生物熏蒸对黄瓜枯萎病抑制及品质和产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(28):125-130.
[39]Thoden T C,Hallmann J,Michael B.Effects of plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids on the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,2009,123(1):27-36.
[40]Cohen M F,Yamasaki H,Mazzola M.Brassica napus seed meal soil amendment modifies microbial community structure,nitric oxide production and incidence of Rhizoctonia root rot[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2005,37(7):1215-1227.
[41]Holb I J.Fungal disease management in organic apple orchards:epidemiological aspects and management approaches,recent developments in management of plant diseases[M].Dordrecht:Springer,2010.
[42]张政文,孙秀娟,胡乃娟,等.麦秸掩埋还田对赤霉菌(Fusarium graminearum Sehw.)存活率和水稻带菌的影响[J].植物病理学报,2014,44(4):443-448.
[43]Aparna K,Pasha M A,Rao D L N,et al.Organic amendments as ecosystem engineers:microbial,biochemical and genomic evidence of soil health improvement in a tropical arid zone field site[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,71:268-277.
[44]Leon M C C,Stone A,Dick R P.Organic soil amendments:impacts on snap bean common root rot(Aphanomyes euteiches)and soil quality[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2006,31(3):1-210.
[45]Geense P,Pattison A B,Kukulies T L,et al.Can changes in soil properties in organic banana production suppress Fusarium wilt[J].Natural Resources,2015,6:181-195.
[46]Bazot M.Local and neighbourhood effects of organic and conventional wheat management on aphids,weeds,and foliar diseases[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2012,161(20):121-129.
[47]Dordas C.Role of nutrients in controlling plant diseases in sustainable agriculture:a review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2008,28(1):33-46.
[48]Mder P,Fliessbach A,Dubois D,et al.Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming[J].Science,2002,296(5573):1694-1697.
[49]Senechkin I V,Overbeek L S V,Bruggen A H C V.Greater Fusarium wilt suppression after complex than after simple organic amendments as affected by soil p H,total carbon and ammoniaoxidizing bacteria[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,73(1):148-155.
[50]Campiglia E,Manicelli R,Radicetti E,et al.Evaluating spatial arrangement for durumwheat(Triticum durum Desf.)and subclover(Trifolium subterraneum L.)intercropping systems[J].Field Crops Research,2014,169:49-57.
[51]Shtienberg D,Elad Y,Bornstein M,et al.Polyethylene mulch modifies greenhouse microclimate and reduces infection of Phytophthora infestans in tomato and Pseudoperonospora cubensis in cucumber[J].Phytopathology,2010,100(1):97-104.
[52]Du F,Deng W P,Yang M,et al.Protecting grapevines from rainfall in rainy conditions reduces disease severity and enhances profitability[J].Crop Protection,2015,67:261-268.
[53]Vallad G E,Goodman R M.Systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance in conventional agriculture[J].Crop Science,2004,44(6):1920-1934.
[54]Yang M,Zhang Y,Qi L,et al.Plant-plant-microbe mechanisms involved in soil-borne disease suppression on amaize and pepper intercropping system[J].PLo S One,2014,9(12):e115052.
[55]朱有勇,陈海如,范静华,等.利用水稻品种多样性控制稻瘟病研究[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(5):521-527.
[56]He X H,Zhu S S,Wang H N,et al.Crop diversity for ecological disease control in potato and maize[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2010,1(1):45-50.
[57]Ijoyah M O.Review of intercropping research:studies on cerealvegetable based cropping system[J].Scientific Journal of Crop Science,2012,1(3):55-62.
[58]袁善奎,王以燕,师丽红,等.我国生物源农药标准制定现状及展望[J].中国生物防治学报,2018,34(1):1-7.
[59]Dagostin S,SchRer H J,Pertot I,et al.Are there alternatives to copper for controlling grapevine downy mildew in organic viticulture?[J].Crop Protection,2011,30(7):776-788.
[60]Ziv O.Effects of bicarbonates and film-forming polymers on cucurbit foliar diseases[J].Plant Disease,1992,76(5):513.
[61]Mansour A,Al-Banna L,Salem N,et al.Disease management of organic tomato under greenhouse conditions in the Jordan Valley[J].Crop Protection,2014,60:48-55.
[2]Willer H,Yussefi-Menzler M,Sorensen N.The world of organic agriculture-statistics and emerging trends 2009[J].Statistics and Emerging Trends,2006,10(1):17.
[3]国家认证认可监督管理委员会,中国农业大学.中国有机产品认证与有机产业发展(2016)[M].北京:中国质检出版社,中国标准出版社,2017.
[4]冯占山,高世杰.农业可持续发展与农作物病害的持续控制[J].现代化农业,2013(3):5-6.
[5]董金皋,康振生,周雪平.植物病理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[6]Leoni C,Rossing W A H,van Bruggen A H C.Crop rotation,plant diseases and their management in organic agriculture[M].St Paul MN:APS Press,2015.
[7]Huang Y H,Wang R C,Li C H,et al.Control of Fusarium wilt in banana with Chinese leek[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,2012,134(1):87-95.
[8]钏有聪,张立猛,焦永鸽,等.大蒜与烤烟轮作对烟草黑胫病的防治效果及作用机理初探[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(5):55-62.
[9]柳红娟,黄洁,刘子凡,等.木薯轮作年限对枯萎病高发蕉园土壤抑病性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(2):255-259.
[10]王夏雯,余翔,乔俊卿,等.西瓜茬后种植稻麦对土壤微生物数量和西瓜枯萎病发生的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2015,31(6):1291-1295.
[11]Bniggen A H C V,Termorskuizen A J.Integrated approaches to root disease management in organic farming systems[J].Australasian Plant Pathology,2003,32(2):141-156.
[12]Karalus W,Rauber R.Effect of presprouting on yield of maincrop potatoes(Solanum tuberosum L.)in organic farming[J].Journal of Agronomy&Crop Science,2010,179(4):241-249.
[13]费维新,王淑芬,李强生,等.冬油菜适当迟播有效减轻油菜根肿病[J].中国油料作物学报,2016,38(4):502-507.
[14]王磊,杨诚,刘玉升,等.玉米不同播期与玉米粗缩病发生及产量的关系研究[J].山东农业大学学报,2013,44(1):66-69.
[15]Subbarao K V,Koike S T,Hubbard J C.Effects of deep plowing on the distribution and density of Sclerotinia minor sclerotia and lettuce drop incidence[J].Plant Disease,1996,80(1):28.
[16]Bruggen A H V,Gamliel A,Finckh M R.Plant disease management in organic farming systems[J].Pest Management Science,2016,72(1):15.
[17]Mitchell P L.Heteroptera as vectors of plant pathogens[J].Neotropical Entomology,2004,88(3):519-545.
[18]Saucke H,D9ring T.Potato Virus Y reduction by straw mulch in organic potatoes[J].Annals of Applied Biology,2015,144(3):347-355.
[19]Polston J F,Lapidot M.Management of tomato yellow leaf curl virus,Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease[M].Dordrecht:Springer,2007.
[20]Cohen S.Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,a whitefly-borne geminivirus of tomatoes[M]//Advances in disease vector research.New York:Springer,1994.
[21]Díaz B M,Biurrun R,Aránzazu M,et al.Impact of ultravioletblocking plastic films on insect vectors of virus diseases infesting crisp lettuce[J].Hortscience,2006,41(3):711-716.
[22]魏家鹏,王茂昌,王祥,等.日光温室番茄褪绿病毒病综合防控技术[J].中国蔬菜,2016(10):30-30.
[23]Bueren E T L V,Struik P C,Jacobsen E.Organic propagation of seed and planting material:an overview of problems and challenges for research[J].NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences,2004,51(3):263-277.
[24]Wolfe M S,Baresel J P,Desclaux D,et al.Developments in breeding cereals for organic agriculture[J].Euphytica,2008,163(3):323-346.
[25]Roberts D P,Lakshman D K,Maul J E,et al.Control of dampingoff of organic and conventional cucumber with extracts from a plantassociated bacterium rivals a seed treatment pesticide[J].Crop Protection,2014,65:86-94.
[26]Holger D.Cultural methods for controlling Botrytis cinerea Pers.in strawberry[J].Biological Agriculture&Horticulture,1999,16(4):11.
[27]Bockus W W,Shroyer J P.The impact of reduced tillage on soilborne plant pathogens[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,1998,36(1):485-500.
[28]Gamliel A,Katan J.Soil solarization:theory and practice[M].St Paul M N:APS Press,2012.
[29]Klein E,Katan J,Gamliel A.Soil suppressiveness to fusarium disease following organic amendments and solarization[J].Plant Disease,2011,95(9):1116-1123.
[30]Yildiz A,Benlioglu S,zhan B,et al.Use of different plastics for soil solarization in strawberry growth and time-temperature relationships for the control of Macrophomina phaseolinaand weeds[J].Phytoparasitica,2010,38(5):463-473.
[31]Butler D M,Kokalis-Burelle N,Muramoto J,et al.Impact of anaerobic soil disinfestation combined with soil solarisation on plant-parasitic nematodes and introduced inoculum of soilborne plant pathogens in raised-bed vegetable production[J].Crop Protection,2012,39(8):33-40.
[32]Lamers J G,Wanten P,Blok W J.Biological soil disinfestation:a safe and effective approach for controlling soilborne pests and diseases[J].Agroindustria,2004,3:289-291.
[33]Momma N,Yamamoto K,Simandi P,et al.Role of organic acids in the mechanisms of biological soil disinfestation(BSD)[J].Journal of General Plant Pathology,2006,72(4):247-252.
[34]Hewavitharana S S,Ruddell D,Mazzola M.Carbon sourcedependent antifungal and nematicidal volatiles derived during anaerobic soil disinfestation[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,2014,140(1):39-52.
[35]Goud J K C,Termorshuizen A J,Blok W J,et al.Long-term effect of biological soil disinfestation on Verticillium wilt[J].Plant Disease,2004,88(7):688-694.
[36]Lazarovits G,Conn K L,Abbasi P A,et al.Reduction of potato tuber diseases with organic soil amendments in two Prince Edward Island fields[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,2008,30(1):37-45.
[37]Matthiessen J N,Kirkegaard J A.Biofumigation and enhanced biodegradation:opportunity and challenge in soilborne pest and disease management[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,2006,25(3):31.
[38]王德江,杨自超,乔世佳,等.生物熏蒸对黄瓜枯萎病抑制及品质和产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(28):125-130.
[39]Thoden T C,Hallmann J,Michael B.Effects of plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids on the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,2009,123(1):27-36.
[40]Cohen M F,Yamasaki H,Mazzola M.Brassica napus seed meal soil amendment modifies microbial community structure,nitric oxide production and incidence of Rhizoctonia root rot[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2005,37(7):1215-1227.
[41]Holb I J.Fungal disease management in organic apple orchards:epidemiological aspects and management approaches,recent developments in management of plant diseases[M].Dordrecht:Springer,2010.
[42]张政文,孙秀娟,胡乃娟,等.麦秸掩埋还田对赤霉菌(Fusarium graminearum Sehw.)存活率和水稻带菌的影响[J].植物病理学报,2014,44(4):443-448.
[43]Aparna K,Pasha M A,Rao D L N,et al.Organic amendments as ecosystem engineers:microbial,biochemical and genomic evidence of soil health improvement in a tropical arid zone field site[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,71:268-277.
[44]Leon M C C,Stone A,Dick R P.Organic soil amendments:impacts on snap bean common root rot(Aphanomyes euteiches)and soil quality[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2006,31(3):1-210.
[45]Geense P,Pattison A B,Kukulies T L,et al.Can changes in soil properties in organic banana production suppress Fusarium wilt[J].Natural Resources,2015,6:181-195.
[46]Bazot M.Local and neighbourhood effects of organic and conventional wheat management on aphids,weeds,and foliar diseases[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2012,161(20):121-129.
[47]Dordas C.Role of nutrients in controlling plant diseases in sustainable agriculture:a review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2008,28(1):33-46.
[48]Mder P,Fliessbach A,Dubois D,et al.Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming[J].Science,2002,296(5573):1694-1697.
[49]Senechkin I V,Overbeek L S V,Bruggen A H C V.Greater Fusarium wilt suppression after complex than after simple organic amendments as affected by soil p H,total carbon and ammoniaoxidizing bacteria[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,73(1):148-155.
[50]Campiglia E,Manicelli R,Radicetti E,et al.Evaluating spatial arrangement for durumwheat(Triticum durum Desf.)and subclover(Trifolium subterraneum L.)intercropping systems[J].Field Crops Research,2014,169:49-57.
[51]Shtienberg D,Elad Y,Bornstein M,et al.Polyethylene mulch modifies greenhouse microclimate and reduces infection of Phytophthora infestans in tomato and Pseudoperonospora cubensis in cucumber[J].Phytopathology,2010,100(1):97-104.
[52]Du F,Deng W P,Yang M,et al.Protecting grapevines from rainfall in rainy conditions reduces disease severity and enhances profitability[J].Crop Protection,2015,67:261-268.
[53]Vallad G E,Goodman R M.Systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance in conventional agriculture[J].Crop Science,2004,44(6):1920-1934.
[54]Yang M,Zhang Y,Qi L,et al.Plant-plant-microbe mechanisms involved in soil-borne disease suppression on amaize and pepper intercropping system[J].PLo S One,2014,9(12):e115052.
[55]朱有勇,陈海如,范静华,等.利用水稻品种多样性控制稻瘟病研究[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(5):521-527.
[56]He X H,Zhu S S,Wang H N,et al.Crop diversity for ecological disease control in potato and maize[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2010,1(1):45-50.
[57]Ijoyah M O.Review of intercropping research:studies on cerealvegetable based cropping system[J].Scientific Journal of Crop Science,2012,1(3):55-62.
[58]袁善奎,王以燕,师丽红,等.我国生物源农药标准制定现状及展望[J].中国生物防治学报,2018,34(1):1-7.
[59]Dagostin S,SchRer H J,Pertot I,et al.Are there alternatives to copper for controlling grapevine downy mildew in organic viticulture?[J].Crop Protection,2011,30(7):776-788.
[60]Ziv O.Effects of bicarbonates and film-forming polymers on cucurbit foliar diseases[J].Plant Disease,1992,76(5):513.
[61]Mansour A,Al-Banna L,Salem N,et al.Disease management of organic tomato under greenhouse conditions in the Jordan Valley[J].Crop Protection,2014,60:48-55.