长期施肥对潮土不同层次活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响
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摘要
为探索长期不同施肥下潮土不同土层活性有机质和碳库管理指数变化特征,选取不施肥对照(CK)、单施氮磷钾肥(NPK)、NPK配施有机肥(NPKM)和NPK配施秸秆还田(NPKS)4个典型施肥处理,测定并分析土壤高、中、低活性有机质含量以及碳库管理指数(CMI)变化特征。结果表明:各处理土壤有机质含量均随土层加深而降低,且处理间差异随土层深度缩小。施肥处理相对不施肥对照(CK)均明显提升了不同土层的有机质含量,以NPKM处理最高,达到13.91～33.55 g/kg。各处理以非活性和低活性有机质为主,且其比例随着土层加深而增加,其中CK处理比例最高,分别为35.6%～56.6%和17.7%～50.7%。施肥处理对土壤CMI均有提高,在0—40 cm土层,NPKS的高活性CMI最高,分别为149.54,147.01,237.65;而在40—60 cm土层,以NPKM处理的高、中活性CMI最高,达到237.65,537.67。综上所述,各处理土壤有机质和活性有机质含量均随土层加深而降低,且处理间差异随土层深度缩小;氮磷钾配施有机肥提升总有机质及活性有机质处理效果最佳。在上层土层(0—40 cm)氮磷钾配施秸秆有助于提升高、中活性有机质的碳库管理指数;而在下层土层(40—60 cm)则以氮磷钾配施有机肥最优。整体来看,NPK配施有机肥(NPKM)对土壤的肥力提升效果最好,NPK配施秸秆还田(NPKS)次之。
Based on a long-term experiment, the effects of different fertilization on labile organic matter(LOM) and carbon management index(CMI) in different soil layers were explored. Four typical fertilization treatments were selected as:(1) No fertilizer(CK);(2) mineral nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium(NPK);(3) NPK plus manure(NPKM);(4) NPK plus straw(NPKS). The highly, moderately and lowly LOM and CMI were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the soil organic matter(SOM) content and its difference among treatments were decreased with increment of soil depth. Compared with CK, the SOM content under the treatments with fertilizer was significantly higher, and the highest one was under NPKM with 13.91 ～ 33.55 g/kg. The Non-LOM and lowly LOM accounted for the major part of the total SOM, and the proportion increased with depth. CK showed the highest proportion with 35.6% ～ 56.6% and 17.7% ～ 50.7%, respectively. The CMI increased under the fertilization treatments, and varied among soil layers. At 0—40 cm, the CMI of highly and moderately LOM under NPKS was obviously higher than that under the other treatments as 149.54, 147.01, 237.65, respectively. The CMI under NPKM was the highest at 40—60 cm as 237.65, 537.67, respectively. In sum, the SOM and LOM content and their difference among treatments decreased with increment of soil depth. The fertilization improved SOM and LOM content, and the optimum one was NPKM. The CMI of highly and moderately LOM was higher under NPKS at upper layer(0 — 40 cm), and which was higher under NPKM at below layer(40 — 60 cm). Generally, the soil fertility was improved under NPKM, and followed by NPKS.
Based on a long-term experiment, the effects of different fertilization on labile organic matter(LOM) and carbon management index(CMI) in different soil layers were explored. Four typical fertilization treatments were selected as:(1) No fertilizer(CK);(2) mineral nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium(NPK);(3) NPK plus manure(NPKM);(4) NPK plus straw(NPKS). The highly, moderately and lowly LOM and CMI were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the soil organic matter(SOM) content and its difference among treatments were decreased with increment of soil depth. Compared with CK, the SOM content under the treatments with fertilizer was significantly higher, and the highest one was under NPKM with 13.91 ～ 33.55 g/kg. The Non-LOM and lowly LOM accounted for the major part of the total SOM, and the proportion increased with depth. CK showed the highest proportion with 35.6% ～ 56.6% and 17.7% ～ 50.7%, respectively. The CMI increased under the fertilization treatments, and varied among soil layers. At 0—40 cm, the CMI of highly and moderately LOM under NPKS was obviously higher than that under the other treatments as 149.54, 147.01, 237.65, respectively. The CMI under NPKM was the highest at 40—60 cm as 237.65, 537.67, respectively. In sum, the SOM and LOM content and their difference among treatments decreased with increment of soil depth. The fertilization improved SOM and LOM content, and the optimum one was NPKM. The CMI of highly and moderately LOM was higher under NPKS at upper layer(0 — 40 cm), and which was higher under NPKM at below layer(40 — 60 cm). Generally, the soil fertility was improved under NPKM, and followed by NPKS.
引文
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[9] 张玉军,董士刚,刘世亮,等.不同有机物料对土壤基本化学性质及可溶性有机碳氮的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(29):116-123.
[10] 杨滨娟,黄国勤,兰延,等.施氮和冬种绿肥对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2907-2913.
[11] 汪吉东,张永春,俞美香,等.不同有机无机肥配合施用对土壤活性有机质含量及pH值的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2007,23(6):573-578.
[12] 蔡太义,黄会娟,黄耀威,等.不同量秸秆覆盖还田对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(6):964-974.
[13] 肖小平,唐海明,聂泽民,等.冬季覆盖作物残茬还田对双季稻田土壤有机碳和碳库管理指数的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(10):1202-1208.
[14] 邱莉萍,张兴昌,程积民.土地利用方式对土壤有机质及其碳库管理指数的影响[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(1):84-89.
[15] 许晶晶,郝明德,赵云英.黄土高原旱地小麦氮磷钾与有机肥优化配施试验[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):143-147.
[16] 高翔,沈阿林,寇长林,等.秸秆还田对小麦玉米轮作田土壤有机碳质量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(9):63-67.
[17] 梁尧,韩晓增,宋春,等.不同有机物料还田对东北黑土活性有机碳的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(17):3565-3574.
[18] 张玉军,董士刚,刘世亮,等.有机物替代部分化肥对土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(1):43-47.
[19] 何翠翠,王立刚,王迎春,等.长期施肥下黑土活性有机质和碳库管理指数研究[J].土壤学报,2015,52(1):194-202.
[20] 杨永辉,武继承,丁晋利,等.长期免耕对不同土层土壤结构与有机碳分布的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(9):173-182.
[21] 宇万太,赵鑫,马强,等.长期定位试验下施肥对潮棕壤活性碳库及碳库管理指数的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(3):539-544.
[22] 王改玲,李立科,郝明德.长期施肥和秸秆覆盖土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数变化[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(1):20-26.
[23] 张贵龙,赵建宁,宋晓龙,等.施肥对土壤有机碳含量及碳库管理指数的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):359-365.
[2] Lefroy B R D,Blair C,Strong M W.Changes in organic matter with cropping as measured by organic carbon fractions and 13C natural isotope abundance [J].Plant and Soil,1993,155(1/2):399-402.
[3] Wang W J,Dalal R C,Moody P W,et al.Relationships of soil respiration to microbial biomass,substrate availability and clay content [J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35:273-284.
[4] 文炯,罗尊长,李明德,等.土壤活性有机质及其与土壤养分的关系[J].湖南农业科学,2009(1):57-60.
[5] 吴小丹,蔡立湘,鲁艳红,等.长期不同施肥制度对红壤性水稻土活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(12):283-288.
[6] Loginow W,Wisniewski W,Gonet S S,et al.Fractionation of organic carbon based on susceptibility to oxidation [J].Polish Journal of Soil Science,1987,20(1):47-52.
[7] Blair G J,Lefroy R D B,Lisle L.Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems [J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1995,46(7):1459-1466.
[8] 徐明岗,于荣,孙小凤,等.长期施肥对我国典型土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(4):459-465.
[9] 张玉军,董士刚,刘世亮,等.不同有机物料对土壤基本化学性质及可溶性有机碳氮的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(29):116-123.
[10] 杨滨娟,黄国勤,兰延,等.施氮和冬种绿肥对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2907-2913.
[11] 汪吉东,张永春,俞美香,等.不同有机无机肥配合施用对土壤活性有机质含量及pH值的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2007,23(6):573-578.
[12] 蔡太义,黄会娟,黄耀威,等.不同量秸秆覆盖还田对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(6):964-974.
[13] 肖小平,唐海明,聂泽民,等.冬季覆盖作物残茬还田对双季稻田土壤有机碳和碳库管理指数的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(10):1202-1208.
[14] 邱莉萍,张兴昌,程积民.土地利用方式对土壤有机质及其碳库管理指数的影响[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(1):84-89.
[15] 许晶晶,郝明德,赵云英.黄土高原旱地小麦氮磷钾与有机肥优化配施试验[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):143-147.
[16] 高翔,沈阿林,寇长林,等.秸秆还田对小麦玉米轮作田土壤有机碳质量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(9):63-67.
[17] 梁尧,韩晓增,宋春,等.不同有机物料还田对东北黑土活性有机碳的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(17):3565-3574.
[18] 张玉军,董士刚,刘世亮,等.有机物替代部分化肥对土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(1):43-47.
[19] 何翠翠,王立刚,王迎春,等.长期施肥下黑土活性有机质和碳库管理指数研究[J].土壤学报,2015,52(1):194-202.
[20] 杨永辉,武继承,丁晋利,等.长期免耕对不同土层土壤结构与有机碳分布的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(9):173-182.
[21] 宇万太,赵鑫,马强,等.长期定位试验下施肥对潮棕壤活性碳库及碳库管理指数的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(3):539-544.
[22] 王改玲,李立科,郝明德.长期施肥和秸秆覆盖土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数变化[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(1):20-26.
[23] 张贵龙,赵建宁,宋晓龙,等.施肥对土壤有机碳含量及碳库管理指数的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):359-365.