三个世代哲罗鱼早期生长性能比较
|
摘要
2003年采捕的野生哲罗鱼Hucho taimen幼鱼养至2008年性成熟,人工繁殖获得了G_0代苗种,G_0代性成熟后又分别于2013年和2017年性成熟,人工繁殖获得G_1和G_2代苗种。2017年9月(3月龄)、12月(7月龄)和2018年3月(11月龄)随机抽取相同条件下饲养、混交繁殖的各世代幼鱼50尾,测量体长和体质量,比较3个选育世代哲罗鱼早期的生长性状。结果显示:3个世代不同月龄的哲罗鱼体长由大至小依次为:G_00.05);11月龄G_0代与G_2代苗种间体长、体质量差异均显著(P=0.008、P=0.002),其余不显著(P>0.05)。体长与体质量关系式W=aL~b中,b值在2.8337～3.2819之间,4月龄到11月龄逐渐增大。研究结果表明,G_2代苗种的生长性能略优于G_1代,二者生长优势明显优于G_0代,但还需持续监测和评价,以获得具有生长优势的新品种。
The juveniles of wild taimen Hucho taimen collected in 2003 were cultured to sexual maturity in 2008, and the G_0 generation seedlings were obtained by artificial propagation. The G_0 generation seedlings were sexually matured and the G_1 and G_2 generation seedlings were obtained in 2013 and in 2017, respectively. Their body length and weight were measured in fifty juveniles of G_0, G_1 and G_2 generations reared under the same conditions, by mixed generation broodstocks, sampled from September(3 months old), December(7 months old)and March(11 months old)in 2017 and March(18 months old)in 2018 to compare the early growth performance of the three breeding generations. The results showed that the descending order of body lengths of the three generations with different ages was described as G_0< G_1< G_2, larger in the 7-month-old G_2 generation than those in G_0 and G_1, and slightly smaller body weight than those in G_0 and G_1. At the other months old, however, G_2 had larger average body length and body weight than the G_0 and G_1 did. One-way ANOVA analysis revealed that there were significant differences in average body length and body weight between G_0 and G_1, G_2(P=0.00)at 4 months old, without significant differences between G_1 and G_2(P=0.794). There were no significant differences in growth between all the generations at 7 months old(P>0.05). At 11 months old, there were significant differences in average body length and body weight between G_0 and G_2(0.008 and 0.002). The relationship between body length and body weight W=a Lbshowed that the b value was ranged from 2.8337 to 3.2819, increase from 4 months to 11 months. The growth performance of G_2 generation seedlings is slightly better than that of G_1 generation, with better growth than that in G_0 generation seedlings. However,continuous monitoring and evaluation are needed to obtain new varieties with growth advantages.
The juveniles of wild taimen Hucho taimen collected in 2003 were cultured to sexual maturity in 2008, and the G_0 generation seedlings were obtained by artificial propagation. The G_0 generation seedlings were sexually matured and the G_1 and G_2 generation seedlings were obtained in 2013 and in 2017, respectively. Their body length and weight were measured in fifty juveniles of G_0, G_1 and G_2 generations reared under the same conditions, by mixed generation broodstocks, sampled from September(3 months old), December(7 months old)and March(11 months old)in 2017 and March(18 months old)in 2018 to compare the early growth performance of the three breeding generations. The results showed that the descending order of body lengths of the three generations with different ages was described as G_0< G_1< G_2, larger in the 7-month-old G_2 generation than those in G_0 and G_1, and slightly smaller body weight than those in G_0 and G_1. At the other months old, however, G_2 had larger average body length and body weight than the G_0 and G_1 did. One-way ANOVA analysis revealed that there were significant differences in average body length and body weight between G_0 and G_1, G_2(P=0.00)at 4 months old, without significant differences between G_1 and G_2(P=0.794). There were no significant differences in growth between all the generations at 7 months old(P>0.05). At 11 months old, there were significant differences in average body length and body weight between G_0 and G_2(0.008 and 0.002). The relationship between body length and body weight W=a Lbshowed that the b value was ranged from 2.8337 to 3.2819, increase from 4 months to 11 months. The growth performance of G_2 generation seedlings is slightly better than that of G_1 generation, with better growth than that in G_0 generation seedlings. However,continuous monitoring and evaluation are needed to obtain new varieties with growth advantages.
引文
[1]Holcik J,Hensel K,Nieslanik J.The eurasian huchen hucho hucho:largest salmon of the world[M].Hingham(USA):Kluwer Academic Publishers,988:1-131.
[2]任慕莲,郭焱,张人铭,等.中国额尔齐斯河鱼类资源及渔业[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,2002:58-63.
[3]尼科里斯基.黑龙江流域鱼类[M].北京:科学出版社,1960,39.
[4]李思忠,戴定远,张世义,等.新疆北部鱼类的调查研究[J].动物学报,1966,18(1):41-56.
[5]张觉民.黑龙江省鱼类志[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1995:34-36.
[6]董崇智,李怀明,赵春刚,等.濒危名贵哲罗鱼保护生物学的研究Ⅰ.哲罗鱼分布区域及其变化[J].水产学杂志,1998,11(1):65-70.
[7]崔喜顺,周长海,李国芳,等.乌苏里江下游海青江段哲罗鱼渔业生物学研究[J].黑龙江水产,2004(2):43-45.
[8]洪兴.哲罗鱼在呼玛河自然保护区的分布及变化[J].黑龙江水产,2003(5):34.
[9]乐佩琦,陈宜瑜.中国濒危动物(鱼类)红皮书[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:29-31.
[10]尹家胜,徐伟,曹鼎臣,等.乌苏里江哲罗鲑的年龄结构性比和生长[J].动物学报,2003,49(5):687-692.
[11]姜作发,唐富江,尹家胜,等.乌苏里江上游虎头江段哲罗鱼种群结构及生长特性[J].东北林业大学学报,2004,33(4):53-55.
[12]徐伟,尹家胜,姜作发,等.哲罗鱼人工繁育技术的初步研究[J].中国水产科学,2003,10(1):26-30.
[13]徐伟,孙惠武,关海红,等.哲罗鱼全人工繁育的初步研究[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(6):896-902.
[14]佟广香,鲁翠云,匡友谊,等.哲罗鱼基因组微卫星富集文库的构建与分析[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(2):181-186.
[15]匡友谊,佟广香,尹家胜,等.呼玛河哲罗鱼遗传多样性的AFLP分析[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(4):615-621.
[16]Kuang Y Y,Tong G X,Xu W,et.al.Analysis of genetic diversity in the endangered Hucho taimen from China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29:92-97.
[17]董崇智,李怀明,赵春刚,等.濒危名贵哲罗鱼保护生物学的研究Ⅱ.哲罗鱼性状及生态学资料[J].水产学杂志,1998,11(2):34-39.
[18]关海红,匡友谊,徐伟,等.哲罗鱼消化系统发生发育组织学观察[J].动物学杂志,2007,42(2):116-123.
[19]关海红,尹家胜,匡友谊,等.哲罗鱼摄食器官发生、发育的初步观察[J].水产学杂志,2006,19(1):26-30.
[20]徐奇友,王炳谦,徐连伟,等.哲罗鱼稚鱼的蛋白质和脂肪需求量[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(3):498-510.
[21]王炳谦,徐奇友,徐连伟,等.豆油代替鱼油对哲罗鱼稚鱼生长和体成分的影响[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(6):1023-1027.
[22]姜作发,尹家胜,徐伟.人工养殖条件下哲罗鱼生长的初步研究[J].水产学报,2003,27(6):590-595.
[23]殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:56.
[24]华元渝,胡传林.鱼种重量与长度相关公式的生物学意义及其应用[A].鱼类学论文集,1981:125-131.
[25]张志允,李思发,蔡完其,等.中华鳖黄河群体选育F1-3世代生长性能比较试验[J].水产科技情报,2011,38(2):55-58.
[26]黄伟卿,刘招坤,郑昇阳,等.2个大黄鱼群体选育世代F2生长性状研究[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(2):80-84.
[27]关键.大菱鲆耐高温品系选育及生长相关数量性状的研究基础[J].博士论文,2012.
[28]Andersen K H,Jacobsen N S,Farnsworth K D.The theoretical foundations for size spectrum models of fish community[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,2015,73(4):1-14.
[29]Wootton R J.The evolution of life histories:theory and analysis[J].Rev Fish Biol Fisher,1993,3(4):384-385.
[30]Holīkk J,Hensei K,Nieslanik J,et al.The Eurasian Huchen,Hucho hucho largest salmon of the world Perspectives in Vertebrate Science[M].Springer Netherlands,1988.
[2]任慕莲,郭焱,张人铭,等.中国额尔齐斯河鱼类资源及渔业[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,2002:58-63.
[3]尼科里斯基.黑龙江流域鱼类[M].北京:科学出版社,1960,39.
[4]李思忠,戴定远,张世义,等.新疆北部鱼类的调查研究[J].动物学报,1966,18(1):41-56.
[5]张觉民.黑龙江省鱼类志[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1995:34-36.
[6]董崇智,李怀明,赵春刚,等.濒危名贵哲罗鱼保护生物学的研究Ⅰ.哲罗鱼分布区域及其变化[J].水产学杂志,1998,11(1):65-70.
[7]崔喜顺,周长海,李国芳,等.乌苏里江下游海青江段哲罗鱼渔业生物学研究[J].黑龙江水产,2004(2):43-45.
[8]洪兴.哲罗鱼在呼玛河自然保护区的分布及变化[J].黑龙江水产,2003(5):34.
[9]乐佩琦,陈宜瑜.中国濒危动物(鱼类)红皮书[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:29-31.
[10]尹家胜,徐伟,曹鼎臣,等.乌苏里江哲罗鲑的年龄结构性比和生长[J].动物学报,2003,49(5):687-692.
[11]姜作发,唐富江,尹家胜,等.乌苏里江上游虎头江段哲罗鱼种群结构及生长特性[J].东北林业大学学报,2004,33(4):53-55.
[12]徐伟,尹家胜,姜作发,等.哲罗鱼人工繁育技术的初步研究[J].中国水产科学,2003,10(1):26-30.
[13]徐伟,孙惠武,关海红,等.哲罗鱼全人工繁育的初步研究[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(6):896-902.
[14]佟广香,鲁翠云,匡友谊,等.哲罗鱼基因组微卫星富集文库的构建与分析[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(2):181-186.
[15]匡友谊,佟广香,尹家胜,等.呼玛河哲罗鱼遗传多样性的AFLP分析[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(4):615-621.
[16]Kuang Y Y,Tong G X,Xu W,et.al.Analysis of genetic diversity in the endangered Hucho taimen from China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29:92-97.
[17]董崇智,李怀明,赵春刚,等.濒危名贵哲罗鱼保护生物学的研究Ⅱ.哲罗鱼性状及生态学资料[J].水产学杂志,1998,11(2):34-39.
[18]关海红,匡友谊,徐伟,等.哲罗鱼消化系统发生发育组织学观察[J].动物学杂志,2007,42(2):116-123.
[19]关海红,尹家胜,匡友谊,等.哲罗鱼摄食器官发生、发育的初步观察[J].水产学杂志,2006,19(1):26-30.
[20]徐奇友,王炳谦,徐连伟,等.哲罗鱼稚鱼的蛋白质和脂肪需求量[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(3):498-510.
[21]王炳谦,徐奇友,徐连伟,等.豆油代替鱼油对哲罗鱼稚鱼生长和体成分的影响[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(6):1023-1027.
[22]姜作发,尹家胜,徐伟.人工养殖条件下哲罗鱼生长的初步研究[J].水产学报,2003,27(6):590-595.
[23]殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:56.
[24]华元渝,胡传林.鱼种重量与长度相关公式的生物学意义及其应用[A].鱼类学论文集,1981:125-131.
[25]张志允,李思发,蔡完其,等.中华鳖黄河群体选育F1-3世代生长性能比较试验[J].水产科技情报,2011,38(2):55-58.
[26]黄伟卿,刘招坤,郑昇阳,等.2个大黄鱼群体选育世代F2生长性状研究[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(2):80-84.
[27]关键.大菱鲆耐高温品系选育及生长相关数量性状的研究基础[J].博士论文,2012.
[28]Andersen K H,Jacobsen N S,Farnsworth K D.The theoretical foundations for size spectrum models of fish community[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,2015,73(4):1-14.
[29]Wootton R J.The evolution of life histories:theory and analysis[J].Rev Fish Biol Fisher,1993,3(4):384-385.
[30]Holīkk J,Hensei K,Nieslanik J,et al.The Eurasian Huchen,Hucho hucho largest salmon of the world Perspectives in Vertebrate Science[M].Springer Netherlands,1988.