雌、雄鲇生长及血液生理、生化成分差异分析
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摘要
为了解雌、雄鲇Silurus asotus生长及其血液生理、生化成分的差异,采用人工饲养的同一批鲇,区分雌、雄后采集血样,对雌鲇和雄鲇在夏季(100日龄)、冬季(218日龄)的生长及血液变化特征进行了研究。结果表明:同一季节,雌、雄鲇间的体长与体质量有显著或极显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),且同一时期雌鲇体长、体质量显著大于雄鲇(P<0.05);同一季节,雌、雄鲇间血液生理、生化成分差异不大,仅夏季时雄鲇血红蛋白含量、红细胞数量显著大于雌鲇(P<0.05),而其他测定指标,夏、冬两季雌、雄鲇间均无显著性差异(P>0.05);季节和性别双因素方差分析(Tow-way ANOVA)显示,性别仅对血红蛋白含量和红细胞数量有显著或极显著影响(P<0.05或P<0.01),季节对红细胞压积、血红蛋白含量、白细胞数量、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、血糖含量、乳酸脱氢酶、甘油三酯含量均存在显著或极显著性影响(P<0.05或P<0.01),而时间和性别的交互作用对各指标均无显著性影响(P>0.05)。研究表明,鲇属于雌性具有优势生长的鱼类,季节对鲇血液生理、生化指标的影响大于性别间差异。
Characteristics of growth and changes in blood parameters were comparatively investigated in female and male farmed 100 day old(summer) and 218 day old(winter) catfish Silurus asotus collected from the same batch in summer and winter to understand the differences in growth, blood physiological indices and biochemical components between female and male catfish. The results showed that there were significant(P<0.05) or very significant(P<0.01) differences in body length and body weight between female and male catfish in the same season, with much longer body length and more body weight in the female than in the male in the same season, indicating that the female catfish are within the fish with dominant growth. In the same season, however, there was little difference in blood physiology and biochemistry between female and male. In summer, the male catfish had significantly higher hemoglobin concentration and more red blood cells than the female did(P<0.05), without significant difference in other indicators between female and male in summer and winter. The Two-way ANOVA of seasonal and gender factors revealed that significant(P<0.05) or very significant(P<0.01) effects of only gender on the count of red blood cells and hemoglobin content were observed, and that significant(P<0.05) or very significant(P<0.01) differences in erythrocyte pressure, and contents of hemoglobin, white cell count, triglyceride, and glucose, and activities of glutamic pyruvidase, glutamic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase were influenced by the season, without significant interaction effect of time and gender, indicating that the effect of the season on blood physiological and biochemical indicators was found to be greater than that of the gender.
Characteristics of growth and changes in blood parameters were comparatively investigated in female and male farmed 100 day old(summer) and 218 day old(winter) catfish Silurus asotus collected from the same batch in summer and winter to understand the differences in growth, blood physiological indices and biochemical components between female and male catfish. The results showed that there were significant(P<0.05) or very significant(P<0.01) differences in body length and body weight between female and male catfish in the same season, with much longer body length and more body weight in the female than in the male in the same season, indicating that the female catfish are within the fish with dominant growth. In the same season, however, there was little difference in blood physiology and biochemistry between female and male. In summer, the male catfish had significantly higher hemoglobin concentration and more red blood cells than the female did(P<0.05), without significant difference in other indicators between female and male in summer and winter. The Two-way ANOVA of seasonal and gender factors revealed that significant(P<0.05) or very significant(P<0.01) effects of only gender on the count of red blood cells and hemoglobin content were observed, and that significant(P<0.05) or very significant(P<0.01) differences in erythrocyte pressure, and contents of hemoglobin, white cell count, triglyceride, and glucose, and activities of glutamic pyruvidase, glutamic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase were influenced by the season, without significant interaction effect of time and gender, indicating that the effect of the season on blood physiological and biochemical indicators was found to be greater than that of the gender.
引文
[1] 乔志刚,张建平,牛景彦,等.饥饿和再投喂对鲇血液生理生化指标的影响[J].水生生物学报,2008,32(5):631-636.
[2] 杨元昊,周继术,卢玲,等.兰州鲇与鲇形态特征和血清生化指标的比较研究[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(1):87-91.
[3] 杨元昊,贺玉良,周继术,等.兰州鲇与鲇、黄河鲤肌肉品质比较研究[J].水生生物学报,2013,37(1):54-61.
[4] 杨元昊,王立新,李学智,等.兰州鲇与鲇消化系统的形态学及组织学比较研究[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(1):174-181.
[5] 向枭,叶元土,周兴华,等.鲇的消化能力与营养价值分析[J].动物学杂志,2004,39(6):65-69.
[6] 乔志刚,刘淑琰,沈方方.鲇精子超微结构及pH、温度对其精子活力的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(6):602-606.
[7] 徐丹丹.基于微卫星标记和线粒体cytb基因序列的鲇遗传多样性研究[D]重庆:西南大学,2013.
[8] 陈洁,熊邦喜,顾钱洪,等.内源及外源因子对鱼类血液生理生化指标的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(9):1861-1865.
[9] 周玉,郭文场,杨振国,等.鱼类血液学指标研究的进展[J].上海水产大学学报,2001,10(2):163-165.
[10] 陈刚,周晖,叶富良,等.美国红鱼血细胞观察[J].热带海洋学报,2006,25(2):59-65.
[11] 殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:51-52.
[12] 胡凤霞,胡海洋,田华香,等.淇河鲫鱼形态学两性异形研究[J].水产科学,2016,35(1):43-48.
[13] Cerviňo S.Estimating growth from sex ratio-at-length data in species with sexual size dimorphism[J].Fisheries Research,2014,160:112-119.
[14] 林植华,雷焕宗.黄颡鱼的两性异形和雌性繁殖特征[J].动物学杂志,2004,39(6):13-17.
[15] 林植华,雷焕宗,陈利丽,等.棒花鱼形态特征的两性异形和雌性个体生育力[J].四川动物,2007,26(4):910-913.
[16] 樊晓丽,林植华,丁先龙,等.鲶鱼和胡子鲶的两性异形与雌性个体生育力[J].生态学报,2014,34(3):555-563.
[17] Shine R.The evolution of large body size in females:a critique of Darwin’s ‘Fecundity Advantage’model[J].The American Naturalist,1988,131(1):124-131.
[18] 樊晓丽,林植华,胡雄光,等.卵胎生入侵种食蚊鱼的两性异形和雌性繁殖输出[J].生态学报,2016,36(9):2497-2504.
[19] 徐德钦,林植华,雷焕宗.温州厚唇鱼形态特征的两性异形和雌性个体生育力[J].上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2006,24(4):335-340.
[20] 陈世通,赵仁友,张亚平,等.翘嘴红鲌的形态两性异形和雌性生育力[J].丽水学院学报,2013,35(2):11-15.
[21] Elgar M A.Evolutionary compromise between a few large and many small eggs:comparative evidence in teleost fish[J].Oikos,1990,59(2):283-287.
[22] 张涛,章龙珍,赵峰,等.基于血液生化指标判别分析西伯利亚鲟性别及卵巢发育时期[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(2):236-243.
[23] Pottinger T G,Pulman K G T,Carrick T R,et al.Evaluation of biochemical methods for the non-destructive identification of sex in upstream migrating salmon and sea trout[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2005,67(6):1514-1533.
[24] 徐未宇.泥鳅几项正常血液指标及其与性别的关系[J].水产科学,2004,23(8):15-17.
[25] 林光华,张丰旺.性别和繁殖对兴国红鲤血液指标的影响[J].水生生物学报,1989,13(1):91-93.
[26] 林光华,张丰旺,翁世聪.草鱼血液的研究[J].动物学报,1985,31(4):336-343.
[27] 林光华,张丰旺.尼罗罗非鱼血液研究[J].南昌大学学报:理科版,1992,16(2):103-107,110.
[28] 徐万土,龚佳男,谢海军.鮸鱼血液生理生化指标分析[J].宁波大学学报:理工版,2014,27(3):28-31.
[29] Tang Y,Peng X,Fang J,et al.Characterization of hematological parameters and blood cells of cultured Gymnocypris eckloni Herzenstein,1891[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2015,31(5):931-936.
[30] Zhu Panpan,Tang Yin,Fan Junde,et al.Hematological parameters and blood cell morphology of male and female Schizothorax (Racoma) davidi (Sauvage)[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2017,48(5):821-831.
[31] Collazos M E,Ortega E,Barriga C,et al.Seasonal variation in haematological parameters in male and female Tinca tinca[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,1998,183(1-2):165-168.
[32] 朱心玲,贾丽珠,张明瑛.草鱼血液学的研究:I.九项血液常数的周年变化[J].水生生物学报,1985,9(3):248-257.
[33] 孟繁伊,黄权,郝凤奇.不同年龄花羔红点鲑肌肉成分和血液指标的比较研究[J].中国水产科学,2009,16(1):113-119.
[34] 赵海鹏.长江中上游几种经济鱼类的血液学研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2008.
[35] Guijarro A I,Lopez-Patiňo M A,Pinillos M L,et al.Seasonal changes in haematology and metabolic resources in the tench[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2003,62(4):803-815.
[2] 杨元昊,周继术,卢玲,等.兰州鲇与鲇形态特征和血清生化指标的比较研究[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(1):87-91.
[3] 杨元昊,贺玉良,周继术,等.兰州鲇与鲇、黄河鲤肌肉品质比较研究[J].水生生物学报,2013,37(1):54-61.
[4] 杨元昊,王立新,李学智,等.兰州鲇与鲇消化系统的形态学及组织学比较研究[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(1):174-181.
[5] 向枭,叶元土,周兴华,等.鲇的消化能力与营养价值分析[J].动物学杂志,2004,39(6):65-69.
[6] 乔志刚,刘淑琰,沈方方.鲇精子超微结构及pH、温度对其精子活力的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(6):602-606.
[7] 徐丹丹.基于微卫星标记和线粒体cytb基因序列的鲇遗传多样性研究[D]重庆:西南大学,2013.
[8] 陈洁,熊邦喜,顾钱洪,等.内源及外源因子对鱼类血液生理生化指标的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(9):1861-1865.
[9] 周玉,郭文场,杨振国,等.鱼类血液学指标研究的进展[J].上海水产大学学报,2001,10(2):163-165.
[10] 陈刚,周晖,叶富良,等.美国红鱼血细胞观察[J].热带海洋学报,2006,25(2):59-65.
[11] 殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:51-52.
[12] 胡凤霞,胡海洋,田华香,等.淇河鲫鱼形态学两性异形研究[J].水产科学,2016,35(1):43-48.
[13] Cerviňo S.Estimating growth from sex ratio-at-length data in species with sexual size dimorphism[J].Fisheries Research,2014,160:112-119.
[14] 林植华,雷焕宗.黄颡鱼的两性异形和雌性繁殖特征[J].动物学杂志,2004,39(6):13-17.
[15] 林植华,雷焕宗,陈利丽,等.棒花鱼形态特征的两性异形和雌性个体生育力[J].四川动物,2007,26(4):910-913.
[16] 樊晓丽,林植华,丁先龙,等.鲶鱼和胡子鲶的两性异形与雌性个体生育力[J].生态学报,2014,34(3):555-563.
[17] Shine R.The evolution of large body size in females:a critique of Darwin’s ‘Fecundity Advantage’model[J].The American Naturalist,1988,131(1):124-131.
[18] 樊晓丽,林植华,胡雄光,等.卵胎生入侵种食蚊鱼的两性异形和雌性繁殖输出[J].生态学报,2016,36(9):2497-2504.
[19] 徐德钦,林植华,雷焕宗.温州厚唇鱼形态特征的两性异形和雌性个体生育力[J].上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2006,24(4):335-340.
[20] 陈世通,赵仁友,张亚平,等.翘嘴红鲌的形态两性异形和雌性生育力[J].丽水学院学报,2013,35(2):11-15.
[21] Elgar M A.Evolutionary compromise between a few large and many small eggs:comparative evidence in teleost fish[J].Oikos,1990,59(2):283-287.
[22] 张涛,章龙珍,赵峰,等.基于血液生化指标判别分析西伯利亚鲟性别及卵巢发育时期[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(2):236-243.
[23] Pottinger T G,Pulman K G T,Carrick T R,et al.Evaluation of biochemical methods for the non-destructive identification of sex in upstream migrating salmon and sea trout[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2005,67(6):1514-1533.
[24] 徐未宇.泥鳅几项正常血液指标及其与性别的关系[J].水产科学,2004,23(8):15-17.
[25] 林光华,张丰旺.性别和繁殖对兴国红鲤血液指标的影响[J].水生生物学报,1989,13(1):91-93.
[26] 林光华,张丰旺,翁世聪.草鱼血液的研究[J].动物学报,1985,31(4):336-343.
[27] 林光华,张丰旺.尼罗罗非鱼血液研究[J].南昌大学学报:理科版,1992,16(2):103-107,110.
[28] 徐万土,龚佳男,谢海军.鮸鱼血液生理生化指标分析[J].宁波大学学报:理工版,2014,27(3):28-31.
[29] Tang Y,Peng X,Fang J,et al.Characterization of hematological parameters and blood cells of cultured Gymnocypris eckloni Herzenstein,1891[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2015,31(5):931-936.
[30] Zhu Panpan,Tang Yin,Fan Junde,et al.Hematological parameters and blood cell morphology of male and female Schizothorax (Racoma) davidi (Sauvage)[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2017,48(5):821-831.
[31] Collazos M E,Ortega E,Barriga C,et al.Seasonal variation in haematological parameters in male and female Tinca tinca[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,1998,183(1-2):165-168.
[32] 朱心玲,贾丽珠,张明瑛.草鱼血液学的研究:I.九项血液常数的周年变化[J].水生生物学报,1985,9(3):248-257.
[33] 孟繁伊,黄权,郝凤奇.不同年龄花羔红点鲑肌肉成分和血液指标的比较研究[J].中国水产科学,2009,16(1):113-119.
[34] 赵海鹏.长江中上游几种经济鱼类的血液学研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2008.
[35] Guijarro A I,Lopez-Patiňo M A,Pinillos M L,et al.Seasonal changes in haematology and metabolic resources in the tench[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2003,62(4):803-815.