虾夷扇贝高品质脂肪酸闭壳肌家系选育
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摘要
以虾夷扇贝闭壳肌重量与脂肪酸组成为主要筛选指标,通过对不同选育家系的生长性状进行比较,在筛选出闭壳肌高出柱率家系的同时,以EPA、DHA和ω-3/ω-6脂肪酸比值等重要营养性状作为参考指标进行家系筛选。结果显示,在12个选育家系中,B04、B05、B10家系的出柱率优势最显著;各家系闭壳肌的EPA+DHA占总脂肪酸45%以上,ω-3/ω-6脂肪酸比值范围为10.94～12.69,家系B03、B05、B06、B07、B10、B11与B12在闭壳肌脂肪酸含量上具有更高选育价值;综合分析,判定B05和B10为虾夷扇贝闭壳肌高出柱率且高品质脂肪酸家系。研究表明,虾夷扇贝的生长与闭壳肌的主要脂肪酸组成没有显著相关性,以闭壳肌脂肪酸含量与生长性状指标进行虾夷扇贝复合性状选育是可行的,本研究结果可以为扇贝选择育种工作的深入开展提供科学依据。
Family selection has emerged as the essential manner of selective breeding in aquaculture. The current artificial selection for Japanese scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis) is primarily focused on the apparent characters,e.g. growth, shell color and survival rate. However, the selective breeding in terms of nutritional value of adductor muscle has been rarely reported. Based on the adductor muscle dry weight and fatty acid profile of P. yessoensis,the families harboring higher growth rates were screened out initially and the vital nutritional indicators, i.e. the relative abundances of EPA as well as DHA of total fatty acids, and the ratio of ω-3/ω-6 fatty acids, were further assessed. Among a total of 12 selected families, the growth rates and adductor muscle ratio of B04, B05 and B10 were prominently higher than other families. The relative abundances of EPA and DHA of total fatty acids were all above 45% and the ratio of ω-3/ω-6 fatty acids varied between 10.94 and 12.69 in any individual family. The families, B03, B05, B06, B07, B10, B11 and B12, exhibited superior nutritional performance involving fatty acids of adductor muscle. The highest-quality families of P. yessoensis, i.e. B05 and B10, were successfully selected on a basis of the comprehensive comparative analyses. These results revealed that it was feasible to perform artificial selection in terms of the growth performance and the equally critical fatty acid composition of P. yessoensis. This study provides valuable insights into selective breeding of scallops in aquaculture.
Family selection has emerged as the essential manner of selective breeding in aquaculture. The current artificial selection for Japanese scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis) is primarily focused on the apparent characters,e.g. growth, shell color and survival rate. However, the selective breeding in terms of nutritional value of adductor muscle has been rarely reported. Based on the adductor muscle dry weight and fatty acid profile of P. yessoensis,the families harboring higher growth rates were screened out initially and the vital nutritional indicators, i.e. the relative abundances of EPA as well as DHA of total fatty acids, and the ratio of ω-3/ω-6 fatty acids, were further assessed. Among a total of 12 selected families, the growth rates and adductor muscle ratio of B04, B05 and B10 were prominently higher than other families. The relative abundances of EPA and DHA of total fatty acids were all above 45% and the ratio of ω-3/ω-6 fatty acids varied between 10.94 and 12.69 in any individual family. The families, B03, B05, B06, B07, B10, B11 and B12, exhibited superior nutritional performance involving fatty acids of adductor muscle. The highest-quality families of P. yessoensis, i.e. B05 and B10, were successfully selected on a basis of the comprehensive comparative analyses. These results revealed that it was feasible to perform artificial selection in terms of the growth performance and the equally critical fatty acid composition of P. yessoensis. This study provides valuable insights into selective breeding of scallops in aquaculture.
引文
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[2]Ivin V V,Kalashnikov V Z,Maslennikov S I,et al.Scallop fisheries and aquaculture of northwestern Pacific,Russian Federation[M]//Shumway S E,Parsons G J.Scallops:Biology,Ecology and Aquaculture.2nd ed.Boston:Elsevier Science,2006:1163-1224.
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[5]张福绥,何义朝,马江虎,等.虾夷扇贝的引种、育苗及试养[J].海洋科学,1984,8(5):38-45.Zhang F S,He Y C,Ma J H,et al.The introduction of the Japanese scallop,Patinopecten yessoensis(Jay),into China,its spat-rearing and experimental cultivation[J].Marine Sciences,1984,8(5):38-45(in Chinese).
[6]王庆成.虾夷扇贝的引进及其在我国北方增养殖的前景[J].水产科学,1984(4):24-27.Wang Q C.Introduction of Japanese scallop and prospect of culture it in northern China[J].Fisheries Science,1984(4):24-27(in Chinese).
[7]李文姬,薛真福.持续发展虾夷扇贝的健康增养殖[J].水产科学,2005,24(9):49-51.Li W J,Xue Z F.Healthy sustainable proliferation&cultivation of scallop Patinopecten yessoensis[J].Fisheries Science,2005,24(9):49-51(in Chinese).
[8]Gosling E.Marine Bivalve Molluscs[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,2015:355-359.
[9]倪守胜,杨钰,柳淑芳,等.基于线粒体Cyt b基因的虾夷扇贝群体遗传结构分析[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(3):432-439.Ni S S,Yang Y,Liu S F,et al.Population-genetics analysis of the Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis based on mitochondrial Cyt b gene[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2017,24(3):432-439(in Chinese).
[10]于佐安,李文姬,张明,等.大连市长海县虾夷扇贝养殖海区浮游病毒的丰度[J].水产学报,2011,35(6):911-917.Yu Z A,Li W J,Zhang M,et al.Distributions of virioplankton in the sea of raft culture of Pationopecten yessoensis in Changhai of Dalian[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(6):911-917(in Chinese).
[11]于佐安,李文姬,张明,等.虾夷扇贝大规模死亡的流行病学研究及可能致病因子的探讨[J].中国海洋大学学报,2013,43(6):52-57.Yu Z A,Li W J,Zhang M,et al.Identification of possible pathogenic factors of massive mortality and its epidemiological investigation of cultured scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2013,43(6):52-57(in Chinese).
[12]于佐安,谭克非,张明,等.筏式虾夷扇贝养成期不同密度生长与经济效益分析[J].水产学报,2016,40(10):1624-1633.Yu Z A,Tan K F,Zhang M,et al.The analysis of growth and economic benefit at different density in the cultivation period of raft cultural scallop Pationopecten yessoenisis[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(10):1624-1633(in Chinese).
[13]滕炜鸣,李文姬,张明,等.虾夷扇贝脓胞病病原查氏弧菌的PCR快速检测[J].水产科学,2014,33(10):649-653.Teng W M,Li W J,Zhang M,et al.Rapid detection of pathogen Vibrio chagasii from abscess yesso scallop by PCR technique[J].Fisheries Science,2014,33(10):649-653(in Chinese).
[14]刘超,吴富村,林思恒,等.高温刺激导致虾夷扇贝死亡因素的探究[J].海洋科学,2016,40(11):91-98.Liu C,Wu F C,Lin S H,et al.Pilot study on reasons for yesso scallop’s(Patinopecten yessoensis)survival after heat shock[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(11):91-98(in Chinese).
[15]张存善,杨小刚,宋坚,等.虾夷扇贝家系的建立及不同家系的早期生长研究[J].南方水产,2008,4(5):44-50.Zhang C S,Yang X G,Song J,et al.Establishment of families and their early growth of Japanese scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)[J].South China Fisheries Science,2008,4(5):44-50(in Chinese).
[16]王俊杰,丁君,常亚青,等.虾夷扇贝家系早中期生长性状比较与遗传参数估计[J].水产学报,2014,38(9):1318-1325.Wang J J,Ding J,Chang Y Q,et al.The growth traits comparison and genetic parameter evaluation of Patinopecten yessoensis in early and mid-stage[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(9):1318-1325(in Chinese).
[17]孙欣,梁峻,赵学伟.虾夷扇贝獐子岛红品系家系建立及生长发育的比较[J].水产科学,2016,35(5):510-515.Sun X,Liang J,Zhao X W.Establishment,family growth and development in Zhangzidao Hong strain of Yesso Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis[J].Fisheries Science,2016,35(5):510-515(in Chinese).
[18]王庆志,李石磊,付成东,等.虾夷扇贝耐高温育种家系的建立与早期筛查[J].水产学报,2014,38(3):371-377.Wang Q Z,Li S L,Fu C D,et al.Establishment of high temperature resistance families and use of laboratory assays to predict subsequent survival in juvenile stage of the Japanese scallop(Mizuhopecten yessoensis)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(3):371-377(in Chinese).
[19]曹善茂,王昊,陈炜,等.岩扇贝闭壳肌营养成分的分析及与中国3种扇贝的比较[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(5):544-550.Cao S M,Wang H,Chen W,et al.Analysis,evaluation and comparison of nutritive composition in rock scallop Crassadoma gigantean with three Chinese scallops[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2016,31(5):544-550(in Chinese).
[20]陈炜,高悦勉,孙征.虾夷扇贝二倍体与三倍体脂肪酸组成的比较[J].水产学报,2002,26(2):139-142.Chen W,Gao Y M,Sun Z.Comparison of fatty acids composition between diploid and triploid Japanese scallop,Patinopecten yessoensis[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2002,26(2):139-142(in Chinese).
[21]Breivik H.Long-chain omega-3 specialty oils[M].Cambridge:Woodhead Publishing,2007.
[22]Weaver K L,Ivester P,Seeds M,et al.Effect of dietary fatty acids on inflammatory gene expression in healthy humans[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2009,284(23):15400-15407.
[23]Farzaneh-Far R,Lin J,Epel E S,et al.Association of marine omega-3 fatty acid levels with telomeric aging in patients with coronary heart disease[J].JAMA,2010,303(3):250-257.
[24]McDougle D R,Watson J E,Abdeen A A,et al.Antiinflammatoryω-3 endocannabinoid epoxides[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2017,114(30):E6034-E6043.
[25]Rizos E C,Ntzani E E,Bika E,et al.Association between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and risk of major cardiovascular disease events:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].JAMA,2012,308(10):1024-1033.
[26]Andreone B J,Chow B W,Tata A,et al.Blood-brain barrier permeability is regulated by lipid transportdependent suppression of caveolae-mediated transcytosis[J].Neuron,2017,94(3):581-594.
[27]Ben-Zvi A,Lacoste B,Kur E,et al.Mfsd2a is critical for the formation and function of the blood-brain barrier[J].Nature,2014,509(7501):507-511.
[28]Niinist?S,Takkinen H M,Erlund I,et al.Fatty acid status in infancy is associated with the risk of type 1diabetes-associated autoimmunity[J].Diabetologia,2017,60(7):1223-1233.
[29]Zamroziewicz M K,Paul E J,Rubin R D,et al.Anterior cingulate cortex mediates the relationship between O3PUFAs and executive functions in APOE e4 carriers[J].Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,2015,7:87.
[30]FAO.The state of world fisheries and aquaculture[M].Rome Italy:FAO,2016.
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