甘泉金代画像砖墓现场保护与整体搬迁
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摘要
为了配合基本建设,对甘泉金代画像砖墓进行了整体搬迁工作。采用红外、紫外照相,便携XRF、非接触式色度仪等检测方法在传统画面信息提取的基础上,进一步揭示了画面的信息,发现画像砖和彩绘的颜色以红、白、黑为主色,黄色颜料有荧光反应,初步可确定有赤铁矿、铅丹颜料的使用;病害主要为起甲、空鼓、裂隙、酥粉等。考古现场第一时间控制了墓室小环境和病害,采用泡沫板、复合板、木龙骨对墓室内部进行了整体支撑加固,用石膏麻布、不同型号的钢材对墓室外部进行固型和加固,并在底部插入槽钢和H钢将墓室焊接为一个整体进行吊装和运输。本工作克服了该画像砖墓墓室多、体量大、吊装和搬迁不易的难题,是目前整体搬迁体量最大的墓葬,为同类工作的开展提供了示范。
A Jin Dynasty portrait brick tomb found at an archaeological site in Ganquan County was moved, intact, in order to support capital construction. In addition to information on traditional methods, infrared(IR) and ultraviolet(UV) photography, portable X-ray fluorescence(XRF) spectrometry and colorimetry were utilized to reveal more information. The results show that the main colors of the portrait bricks are red, white and black, and that the yellow pigment has obvious fluorescence. We tentatively determined that hematite and red lead were used as pigments. The main diseases include flaking, cracking, detachment, and deep losses. In the whole process, the small environment and unstable diseases of the tomb were controlled at once. Foam board, composite board and wooden keel were used to support and reinforce the entire interior of the tomb, while gypsum and linen, as well as different types of steel were used to reinforce the exterior of the tomb. At the bottom, channel steel and H steel were inserted and welded to the tomb as a whole so that it could be hoisted and transported. In spite of various difficulties, the intact moving was a success and the tomb has become the largest one using this moving method so far. This effort provides a model for similar projects.
A Jin Dynasty portrait brick tomb found at an archaeological site in Ganquan County was moved, intact, in order to support capital construction. In addition to information on traditional methods, infrared(IR) and ultraviolet(UV) photography, portable X-ray fluorescence(XRF) spectrometry and colorimetry were utilized to reveal more information. The results show that the main colors of the portrait bricks are red, white and black, and that the yellow pigment has obvious fluorescence. We tentatively determined that hematite and red lead were used as pigments. The main diseases include flaking, cracking, detachment, and deep losses. In the whole process, the small environment and unstable diseases of the tomb were controlled at once. Foam board, composite board and wooden keel were used to support and reinforce the entire interior of the tomb, while gypsum and linen, as well as different types of steel were used to reinforce the exterior of the tomb. At the bottom, channel steel and H steel were inserted and welded to the tomb as a whole so that it could be hoisted and transported. In spite of various difficulties, the intact moving was a success and the tomb has become the largest one using this moving method so far. This effort provides a model for similar projects.
引文
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[2] 考古发掘现场保护的新理念新实践——陕西省考古研究院壁画墓的整体搬迁与技术研究[N].中国文物报,2010-02-26(5).New ideas and practices of the protections in archaeological site:The integrated removal and technical research of the mural tombs by Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology[N].China Cultural Relics News,2010-02-26(5).
[3] 杨蕊.河南登封宋代壁画墓整体搬迁[N].中国文物报,2011-06-08(1).YANG Rui.Integrated removal of a Song Dynasty mural tomb in Dengfeng,Henan[N].China Cultural Relics News,2011-06-08(1).
[4] 李在青,郝月仙.太原刚玉元代壁画墓搬迁保护[J].文物世界,2016(5):64-70.LI Zaiqing,HAO Yuexian.Protection and relocation of a Yuan Dynasty mural tomb in Taiyuan[J].World of Antiquity,2016(5):64-70.
[5] 杨璐,黄健华.考古发掘现场文物保护中的整体提取技术[J].文物保护与考古科学,2008,20(1):65-71.YANG Lu,HUANG Jianhua.Block liftig in conservation and field archaeology[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2008,20(1):65-71.
[6] 李蔓.几种墓葬壁画保护方法论述[J].中国文物科学研究,2017(4):63-72.LI Man.Discussion about several protection methods for mural tombs[J].China Cultural Heritage Scientific Research,2017(4):63-72.
[7] 潘寸敏,高赞岭.河南登封唐庄宋代壁画墓的整体搬迁保护[J].文物修复与研究,2016:548-552.PAN Cunmin,GAO Zanling.Integrated removal of a Song Dynasty mural tomb in Dengfeng,Henan[J].Heritage Restoration and Research,2016:548-552.