不同生育期浇水对稻茬晚播小麦生长及产量的影响
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摘要
探索不同生育时期浇水对稻茬晚播小麦生长和产量的影响,为淮北稻茬晚播小麦浇水提供科学依据。在大田条件下,以‘淮麦33’为材料,采取人工浇水的方法,研究在越冬、返青、拔节和灌浆初期浇水对小麦生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明:越冬初期、返青初期浇水对个体和群体生长的促进作用好于拔节初期和灌浆初期,随着浇水次数增加小麦的生长明显增强。在返青初期和拔节初期浇水能促进小麦穗分化,增加穗粒数,A2B2B3处理穗粒数比CK多3.76粒/穗。单产并不随着浇水次数增加而提高,越冬初期和拔节初期2次浇水单产最高,比对照增15.85%。因此,对于稻茬晚播麦宜在返青初期和拔节初期浇水,既能促进小麦个体和群体生长,保证有效穗数,又能提高每穗粒数,提高产量。
The aims are to explore the effect of irrigation at different growth stages on growth and yield of late-sown wheat under rice stubble, and provide a scientific basis for irrigation of late-sown wheat under ricestubble. In field conditions, taking‘huaimai 33'as the experimental material, the authors studied the effectsof irrigation at the stages of overwintering, pre-returning green, pre-jointing and early filling on wheat growthand yield by using artificial irrigation. The results showed that individual and population growth of wheatirrigated at early winter stage and pre-returning green stage were better than that of pre-jointing stage andearly filling stage. And, the growth of wheat was significantly enhanced with the increase s of watering times.Spike differentiation of wheat irrigated at pre-returning green stage and pre-jointing stage could be advancedand the grain number could be increased. It showed that the A2B2B3 treatment had 3.76 more grains per spikethan that of CK. The yield did not increase with the increase of the watering times. The maximum yield wasobtained by irrigated twice at early winter stage and pre-jointing stages, the yield increased by 15.85%compared with the CK. Thus, the irrigation at pre-returning green stage and pre-jointing stage might be more population, ensure the effective ear number, but also improved the grain numbers per spike to increase theyield.suitable for late-sown wheat under rice stubble because it not only enhanced the growth of individual andpopulation, ensure the effective ear number, but also improved the grain numbers per spike to increase theyield.
The aims are to explore the effect of irrigation at different growth stages on growth and yield of late-sown wheat under rice stubble, and provide a scientific basis for irrigation of late-sown wheat under ricestubble. In field conditions, taking‘huaimai 33'as the experimental material, the authors studied the effectsof irrigation at the stages of overwintering, pre-returning green, pre-jointing and early filling on wheat growthand yield by using artificial irrigation. The results showed that individual and population growth of wheatirrigated at early winter stage and pre-returning green stage were better than that of pre-jointing stage andearly filling stage. And, the growth of wheat was significantly enhanced with the increase s of watering times.Spike differentiation of wheat irrigated at pre-returning green stage and pre-jointing stage could be advancedand the grain number could be increased. It showed that the A2B2B3 treatment had 3.76 more grains per spikethan that of CK. The yield did not increase with the increase of the watering times. The maximum yield wasobtained by irrigated twice at early winter stage and pre-jointing stages, the yield increased by 15.85%compared with the CK. Thus, the irrigation at pre-returning green stage and pre-jointing stage might be more population, ensure the effective ear number, but also improved the grain numbers per spike to increase theyield.suitable for late-sown wheat under rice stubble because it not only enhanced the growth of individual andpopulation, ensure the effective ear number, but also improved the grain numbers per spike to increase theyield.
引文
[1]程维新.农田蒸发与作物耗水研究[M].北京:气象出版社,1993.
[2]霍治国,刘荣花,姜燕,等.QX/T 81-2007小麦干旱灾害等级[S].气象出版社,2007.
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[4]安顺清,刘庚山,吕厚荃,等.冬小麦底墒供水特征研究[J].应用气象学报,2000,11(9):119-127.
[5]居辉,兰霞,李建民,等.不同灌溉制度下冬小麦产量效应与耗水特征研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(5):23-29.
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[8]黄阿童.不同浇水次数对小麦生长影响的分析[J].安徽农学通报,2011,17(15):93,97.
[9]马香花,周秋峰,王保林,等.浇水因子对强筋小麦产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(9):203-205.
[10]周永香,张泽山,朱清兰.春季不同浇水次数对小麦产量及效益的影响[J].北京农业,2008,6:79-84.
[11]郑仁塘,刘云发.水肥综合作用对作物产量的影响及其定额的拟定[J].灌溉排水,1995,14(2):8-13.
[12]王立秋,曹敬山,靳占忠.春小麦产量及其品质的水肥效应研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,1997,15(1):3-6.
[13]张其鲁,魏秀华,李蒙,等.施肥、播种、浇水和品种综合因素对小麦产量影响的研究[J].农业科技通讯,2010(4):34-38.
[14]何井瑞,陈之政,韩必荣,等.稻茬小麦播种方式比较试验初报[J].江苏农业,2010(5):59-62.
[15]吴新胜,袁志勇,贾昕远,等.气候变暖条件下淮北冬小麦适宜播期试验分析[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(5):44-48.
[16]葛自强,孙政国.江苏粮食生产现状及增产潜力分析[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(3):596-598.
[17]何井瑞,陈之政,韩必荣,等.播种方式和播量对小麦发育进程及产量构成的影响[J].上海农业科技,2013(4):47-49.
[18]胡继超,曹卫星,姜东,等.小麦水分胁迫影响因子的定量研究Ⅰ.干旱和渍水胁迫对光合"蒸腾及干物质积累与分配的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(4):315-320.
[19]关立,王阔,郭鹏飞,等.不同灌溉模式对小麦产量及生育性状的影响[J].安阳工学院学报,2010,9(4):75-76.
[20]陈金平,尹志刚,周国勤,等.不同生育时期浇水对小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(3):39-42.
[21]王宝山,李平华,蔡蕾,等.浇水对盐碱地小麦生长及产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2000,6:18-19.
[22]朱福庆,王家盛,苏咏梅.小麦不同浇水次数水效应比较[J].农业科技通讯,2015,10:76-78.
[23]宁东峰.黄淮海地区冬小麦水氮高效利用栽培技术研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[2]霍治国,刘荣花,姜燕,等.QX/T 81-2007小麦干旱灾害等级[S].气象出版社,2007.
[3]刘庚山,安顺清,吕厚荃,等.华北地区不同底墒对冬小麦生长发育及产量影响的研究[J].应用气象学报,2000,11(9):164-169.
[4]安顺清,刘庚山,吕厚荃,等.冬小麦底墒供水特征研究[J].应用气象学报,2000,11(9):119-127.
[5]居辉,兰霞,李建民,等.不同灌溉制度下冬小麦产量效应与耗水特征研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(5):23-29.
[6]于振文,岳寿松,沈成国,等.冬小麦高产高效灌水方案的研究[J].山东农业科学,1994,2:3-6.
[7]王德梅,于振文.灌溉量和灌溉时期对小麦耗水特性和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(9):1965-1970.
[8]黄阿童.不同浇水次数对小麦生长影响的分析[J].安徽农学通报,2011,17(15):93,97.
[9]马香花,周秋峰,王保林,等.浇水因子对强筋小麦产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(9):203-205.
[10]周永香,张泽山,朱清兰.春季不同浇水次数对小麦产量及效益的影响[J].北京农业,2008,6:79-84.
[11]郑仁塘,刘云发.水肥综合作用对作物产量的影响及其定额的拟定[J].灌溉排水,1995,14(2):8-13.
[12]王立秋,曹敬山,靳占忠.春小麦产量及其品质的水肥效应研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,1997,15(1):3-6.
[13]张其鲁,魏秀华,李蒙,等.施肥、播种、浇水和品种综合因素对小麦产量影响的研究[J].农业科技通讯,2010(4):34-38.
[14]何井瑞,陈之政,韩必荣,等.稻茬小麦播种方式比较试验初报[J].江苏农业,2010(5):59-62.
[15]吴新胜,袁志勇,贾昕远,等.气候变暖条件下淮北冬小麦适宜播期试验分析[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(5):44-48.
[16]葛自强,孙政国.江苏粮食生产现状及增产潜力分析[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(3):596-598.
[17]何井瑞,陈之政,韩必荣,等.播种方式和播量对小麦发育进程及产量构成的影响[J].上海农业科技,2013(4):47-49.
[18]胡继超,曹卫星,姜东,等.小麦水分胁迫影响因子的定量研究Ⅰ.干旱和渍水胁迫对光合"蒸腾及干物质积累与分配的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(4):315-320.
[19]关立,王阔,郭鹏飞,等.不同灌溉模式对小麦产量及生育性状的影响[J].安阳工学院学报,2010,9(4):75-76.
[20]陈金平,尹志刚,周国勤,等.不同生育时期浇水对小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(3):39-42.
[21]王宝山,李平华,蔡蕾,等.浇水对盐碱地小麦生长及产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2000,6:18-19.
[22]朱福庆,王家盛,苏咏梅.小麦不同浇水次数水效应比较[J].农业科技通讯,2015,10:76-78.
[23]宁东峰.黄淮海地区冬小麦水氮高效利用栽培技术研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.