辊盘式圆捆机卷捆机理分析与试验
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摘要
针对国产中小型钢辊式圆捆机收获完整稻秆时易于堵塞问题,设计了侧圆盘与钢辊组合式(简称辊盘式)卷捆机构,并利用自制辊盘式圆捆机试验装置对其卷捆过程进行了试验研究。通过高速摄像与运动学分析可知:完整稻秆刚进入卷捆室后在钢辊及侧圆盘共同作用下沿钢辊做整周运动,稻秆在卷捆室内运转一周重新到达卷捆室底部位置时,两侧壁摩擦力会使其停止旋转,而在卷捆室底部产生持续累积过程,由侧圆盘对稻秆产生的摩擦带动力可缩短累积稻秆形成旋转草芯进程,进而避免堵塞现象发生。据此以影响辊盘式圆捆机形成旋转草芯的主要因素——圆盘直径、圆盘转速、长宽比(稻秆长度与卷捆室宽度的比值)为试验因素,将旋转草芯形成时的稻秆质量作为评价指标进行试验。试验表明各因素影响评价指标的主次顺序为圆盘直径、长宽比、圆盘转速;取圆盘直径380 mm、圆盘转速135 r/min,当长宽比为1.00时,旋转草芯形成时的稻秆质量为1.21 kg,当长宽比为1.26时,旋转草芯形成时的稻秆质量为3.44 kg,并且无堵塞现象发生。研究结果可为辊盘式圆捆机的设计及其作业参数优化提供理论及技术依据。
With respect to the collaring jam problem found when harvesting intact rice straw by using domestic small and medium-sized steel-roll round balers,the baling mechanism,which combines the side disk and steel rolls( "the roll-disk type " for short) was designed, and the baling process was experimented by the roll-disk round baler. Through high-speed photography and kinematic analysis,it was found that after being fed to the baling chamber,the intact rice straw can move circumferentially along the steel rolls of baling chamber under the combined effects of steel rolls and side disk; when the rice straw returned to the bottom of baling chamber after running a cycle in the baling chamber,the rice straw would stop rotating due to friction force on two side walls of the baling chamber,then it was continuously accumulated at the bottom of baling chamber; the friction driving force generated by side disk on rice straw can shorten the process of rice straw accumulation to form rotating straw core,which can prevent collaring jam. Based on this,the main factors that affected the formation of rotating straw core in the roll-disk round baler—disk diameter,disk rotation speed and length-width ratio( ratio of rice straw length to width of baling chamber) are chosen as the experimental factors,the rice straw mass whenforming rotating straw core was decided as the evaluation index,and then experiments were conducted.The experimental results showed that the sequence of various factors' influence on the evaluation index was disk diameter,length-width ratio and disk rotation speed. When the disk diameter was 380 mm,disk rotation speed was 135 r / min,length-width ratio was 1. 00,rice straw mass when forming rotating straw core was 1. 21 kg,and the length-width ratio was 1. 26,the rice straw mass when forming rotating straw core was 3. 44 kg,and there was no jam occurred. The research results can provide theoretical and technical basis for design of roll-disk round balers and optimization of its operating parameters.
With respect to the collaring jam problem found when harvesting intact rice straw by using domestic small and medium-sized steel-roll round balers,the baling mechanism,which combines the side disk and steel rolls( "the roll-disk type " for short) was designed, and the baling process was experimented by the roll-disk round baler. Through high-speed photography and kinematic analysis,it was found that after being fed to the baling chamber,the intact rice straw can move circumferentially along the steel rolls of baling chamber under the combined effects of steel rolls and side disk; when the rice straw returned to the bottom of baling chamber after running a cycle in the baling chamber,the rice straw would stop rotating due to friction force on two side walls of the baling chamber,then it was continuously accumulated at the bottom of baling chamber; the friction driving force generated by side disk on rice straw can shorten the process of rice straw accumulation to form rotating straw core,which can prevent collaring jam. Based on this,the main factors that affected the formation of rotating straw core in the roll-disk round baler—disk diameter,disk rotation speed and length-width ratio( ratio of rice straw length to width of baling chamber) are chosen as the experimental factors,the rice straw mass whenforming rotating straw core was decided as the evaluation index,and then experiments were conducted.The experimental results showed that the sequence of various factors' influence on the evaluation index was disk diameter,length-width ratio and disk rotation speed. When the disk diameter was 380 mm,disk rotation speed was 135 r / min,length-width ratio was 1. 00,rice straw mass when forming rotating straw core was 1. 21 kg,and the length-width ratio was 1. 26,the rice straw mass when forming rotating straw core was 3. 44 kg,and there was no jam occurred. The research results can provide theoretical and technical basis for design of roll-disk round balers and optimization of its operating parameters.
引文
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8 王春光.钢辊外卷式圆捆机结构与原理[J].农业机械,2008(12A):43-45.
9 王德福,蒋亦元,王吉权.钢辊式圆捆打捆机结构改进与试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(12):84-88.WANG Defu,JIANG Yiyuan,WANG Jiquan.Structure-improving and experiment of steel-roll round baler[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(12):84-88.(in Chinese)
10 王春光,敖恩查,刑冀辉,等.钢辊外卷式圆捆打捆机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(增刊):102-106.WANG Chunguang,AO Encha,XING Jihui,et al.Design and experiment on round baler with revolute steel roller[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(Supp.):102-106.(in Chinese)
11 王琛,黄东明,周益君,等.9YY-550型小型秸秆捡拾圆捆机的设计[J].中国农机化,2008(4):67-68.
12 董亚娜.半喂入式水稻联合收割机结构特点及存在问题[J].农机使用与维修,2014(10):53.
13 杨磊,肖丽萍,耿兆奎,等.我国半喂入水稻联合收割机的现状与发展趋势分析[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(1):8-10.YANG Lei,XIAO Liping,GENG Zhaokui,et al.Present situation and development trend analysis of head-feed rice combine in China[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2014,35(1):8-10.(in Chinese)
14 李玖祥,刘仁鑫.江西水稻联合收割机应用现状及发展趋势[J].湖南农机,2014,41(11):7-9.LI Jiuxiang,LIU Renxin.Application status and development trend of Jiangxi rice combine harvester[J].Hunan Agricultural Machinery,2014,41(11):7-9.(in Chinese)
15 高东明,王德成,李杰,等.青饲圆捆机对数螺线式成形装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(7):118-122.GAO Dongming,WANG Decheng,LI Jie,et al.Design and test of logarithmic spiral round baler chamber[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(7):118-122.(in Chinese)
16 王春光,马卫民,马赛,等.钢辊预压式圆捆机设计[J].农业工程,2011,1(2):17-20.WANG Chunguang,MA Weimin,MA Sai,et al.Design on round baler with prepressing device[J].Agricultural Engineering,2011,1 (2):17-20.(in Chinese)
17 华荣江,唐遵峰,叶宏艳,等.国内外圆捆机械研究与发展趋势[J].中国农机化,2012,33(3):23-26.HUA Rongjiang,TANG Zunfeng,YE Hongyan,et al.Research and development tendency about baler in domestic and overseas[J].Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2012,33(3):23-26.(in Chinese)
18 GALANT J C,VAN DE L M.Baler and method of baling:EP 2012/004278[P].2012-10-12.
19 LEED H,KIM Y J,CHUNG S O,et al.Analysis of the PTO load of a 75 k W agricultural tractor during rotary tillage and baler operation in Korean upland fields[J].Journal of Terramechanics,2015,60:75-83.
20 Tenbult H T H.Agricultural baler:EP 2015/063873[P].2015-06-19.
21 雷军乐,王德福,张全超,等.完整稻秆卷压过程应力松弛试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):76-83.LEI Junle,WANG Defu,ZHANG Quanchao,et al.Experiment on stress relaxation characteristics of intact rice straw during rotary compression[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(8):76-83.(in Chinese)
22 雷军乐,王德福,李东红,等.钢辊式圆捆机旋转草芯形成影响因素分析与优化[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(12):18-25.LEI Junle,WANG Defu,LI Donghong,et al.Influence factors anslysis and optimization of forming rotary straw core by steel-roll round baler[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(12):18-25.(in Chinese)
23 杜韧,张立志.圆捆机成型室原理与发展趋势[J].农业机械,2007(18):78-79.
24 张忠旭,隋国民,华泽田,等.中高秆弯曲穗型杂交粳稻抗倒伏能力分析[J].杂交水稻,2008,23(4):65-68.ZHANG Zhongxu,SUI Guoming,HUA Zetian,et al.Analysis on lodging resistance of japonica hybrid rice with higher stems and drooping panicles[J].Hybrid Rice,2008,23(4):65-68.(in Chinese)
2 李明文,王珊珊,张广胜.辽宁省水稻主产区农户秸秆利用行为调查研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报:社会科学版,2013,15(4):385-389.LI Mingwen,WANG Shanshan,ZHANG Guangsheng.Farmer households'behavior of straw utilization in the main rice production area of Liaoning province[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University:Social Sciences Edition,2013,15(4):385-389.(in Chinese)
3 朱建春.陕西农业废弃物资源化利用问题研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.ZHU Jianchun.Study on the problem of Shaanxi agricultural wastes resource utilization[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F Universtity,2014.(in Chinese)
4 高海,李国东,刘伟,等.农作物秸秆综合利用现状及技术[J].现代农业科技,2011(18):290-291.
5 韩鲁佳,闫巧娟,刘向阳,等.中国农作物秸秆资源及其利用现状[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(3):87-91.HAN Lujia,YAN Qiaojuan,LIU Xiangyang,et al.Straw resources and their utilization in China[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2002,18(3):87-91.(in Chinese)
6 李伟,蔺树生,谭豫之,等.作物秸秆综合利用的创新技术[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(1):14-17.LI Wei,LIN Shusheng,TAN Yuzhi,et al.Innovated techniques on comprehensive utilization of crop straw[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2000,16(1):14-17.(in Chinese)
7 李玉侠.作物秸秆开发利用的方式及发展方向[J].现代农业科技,2014(22):184-185.LI Yuxia.Utilization types and development direction of crop straw[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2014(22):184 -185.(in Chinese)
8 王春光.钢辊外卷式圆捆机结构与原理[J].农业机械,2008(12A):43-45.
9 王德福,蒋亦元,王吉权.钢辊式圆捆打捆机结构改进与试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(12):84-88.WANG Defu,JIANG Yiyuan,WANG Jiquan.Structure-improving and experiment of steel-roll round baler[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(12):84-88.(in Chinese)
10 王春光,敖恩查,刑冀辉,等.钢辊外卷式圆捆打捆机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(增刊):102-106.WANG Chunguang,AO Encha,XING Jihui,et al.Design and experiment on round baler with revolute steel roller[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(Supp.):102-106.(in Chinese)
11 王琛,黄东明,周益君,等.9YY-550型小型秸秆捡拾圆捆机的设计[J].中国农机化,2008(4):67-68.
12 董亚娜.半喂入式水稻联合收割机结构特点及存在问题[J].农机使用与维修,2014(10):53.
13 杨磊,肖丽萍,耿兆奎,等.我国半喂入水稻联合收割机的现状与发展趋势分析[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(1):8-10.YANG Lei,XIAO Liping,GENG Zhaokui,et al.Present situation and development trend analysis of head-feed rice combine in China[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2014,35(1):8-10.(in Chinese)
14 李玖祥,刘仁鑫.江西水稻联合收割机应用现状及发展趋势[J].湖南农机,2014,41(11):7-9.LI Jiuxiang,LIU Renxin.Application status and development trend of Jiangxi rice combine harvester[J].Hunan Agricultural Machinery,2014,41(11):7-9.(in Chinese)
15 高东明,王德成,李杰,等.青饲圆捆机对数螺线式成形装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(7):118-122.GAO Dongming,WANG Decheng,LI Jie,et al.Design and test of logarithmic spiral round baler chamber[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(7):118-122.(in Chinese)
16 王春光,马卫民,马赛,等.钢辊预压式圆捆机设计[J].农业工程,2011,1(2):17-20.WANG Chunguang,MA Weimin,MA Sai,et al.Design on round baler with prepressing device[J].Agricultural Engineering,2011,1 (2):17-20.(in Chinese)
17 华荣江,唐遵峰,叶宏艳,等.国内外圆捆机械研究与发展趋势[J].中国农机化,2012,33(3):23-26.HUA Rongjiang,TANG Zunfeng,YE Hongyan,et al.Research and development tendency about baler in domestic and overseas[J].Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2012,33(3):23-26.(in Chinese)
18 GALANT J C,VAN DE L M.Baler and method of baling:EP 2012/004278[P].2012-10-12.
19 LEED H,KIM Y J,CHUNG S O,et al.Analysis of the PTO load of a 75 k W agricultural tractor during rotary tillage and baler operation in Korean upland fields[J].Journal of Terramechanics,2015,60:75-83.
20 Tenbult H T H.Agricultural baler:EP 2015/063873[P].2015-06-19.
21 雷军乐,王德福,张全超,等.完整稻秆卷压过程应力松弛试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):76-83.LEI Junle,WANG Defu,ZHANG Quanchao,et al.Experiment on stress relaxation characteristics of intact rice straw during rotary compression[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(8):76-83.(in Chinese)
22 雷军乐,王德福,李东红,等.钢辊式圆捆机旋转草芯形成影响因素分析与优化[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(12):18-25.LEI Junle,WANG Defu,LI Donghong,et al.Influence factors anslysis and optimization of forming rotary straw core by steel-roll round baler[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(12):18-25.(in Chinese)
23 杜韧,张立志.圆捆机成型室原理与发展趋势[J].农业机械,2007(18):78-79.
24 张忠旭,隋国民,华泽田,等.中高秆弯曲穗型杂交粳稻抗倒伏能力分析[J].杂交水稻,2008,23(4):65-68.ZHANG Zhongxu,SUI Guoming,HUA Zetian,et al.Analysis on lodging resistance of japonica hybrid rice with higher stems and drooping panicles[J].Hybrid Rice,2008,23(4):65-68.(in Chinese)