小变形下考虑摩擦效应的桩基水平承载分析方法
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摘要
当前我国各类大型工程建设对桩基设计提出了更高的要求,桩基水平承载计算是一个突出问题。从传统水平受荷桩分析方法入手,推导考虑侧壁摩擦力的桩基水平承载挠曲微分方程,提出小变形下考虑摩擦效应的桩基水平承载计算方法(fm法)。编制相应的分析程序,通过算例验证方法的正确性和有效性。进一步比较传统m法与本文fm法的异同,并深入探讨尺寸效应对桩基水平承载的影响,可供工程参考。
At present,all kinds of large-scale construction projects in China put forward strict requirements on the design of pile foundations,and the lateral bearing analysis of piles is a prominent problem. A new differential equation for the pile deflection containing the side frictions was established based the conventional method of analysis to the laterally loaded piles. The fm-method of calculating the lateral bearing capacity of piles under small deformation was proposed with the consideration of friction effect. In order to validate the proposed method,the corresponding Matlab program and some examples of laterally loaded piles were used. The effectiveness of the method was reviewed. Additionally,the comparison of the calculated results from the original m-method and the proposed fm-method was made. The influence of the scale effect on the lateral bearing characteristics of pile foundations was obtained.
At present,all kinds of large-scale construction projects in China put forward strict requirements on the design of pile foundations,and the lateral bearing analysis of piles is a prominent problem. A new differential equation for the pile deflection containing the side frictions was established based the conventional method of analysis to the laterally loaded piles. The fm-method of calculating the lateral bearing capacity of piles under small deformation was proposed with the consideration of friction effect. In order to validate the proposed method,the corresponding Matlab program and some examples of laterally loaded piles were used. The effectiveness of the method was reviewed. Additionally,the comparison of the calculated results from the original m-method and the proposed fm-method was made. The influence of the scale effect on the lateral bearing characteristics of pile foundations was obtained.
引文
[1]刘金砺,高文生,邱明兵.建筑桩基技术规范应用手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010:130–135.(LIU Jinli,GAO Wensheng,QIU Mingbing.Practical handbook of technical code for building pile foundation[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2010:130–135.(in Chinese))
[2]RANDOLPH M,GOURVENEC S.Offshore geotechnical engineering[M].[S.l.]:CRC Press,2011:207–209.
[3]叶万灵,时蓓玲.桩的水平承载力实用非线性计算方法——NL法[J].岩土力学,2000,21(2):97–101.(YE Wanling,SHI Beiling.A practical non-linear calculation method of pile?s lateral bearing capacity—NL method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2000,21(2):97–101.(in Chinese))
[4]ASHOUR M,NORRIS G.Modeling lateral soil-pile response based on soil-pile interaction[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2000,126(5):420–428.
[5]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.JGJ 94—2008建筑桩基技术规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.JGJ 94—2008.Technical code for building pile foundations[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[6]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.DGJ32/J 12—2005南京地区建筑地基基础设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.DGJ32/J 12—2005 Code for design of building foundation in Nanjing area[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[7]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.DGJ08–11—2010上海地基基础设计规范[S].上海:上海市建筑建材业市场管理总站出版社,2010.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.DGJ08–11—2010 Shanghai foundation design code[S].Shanghai:Shanghai Station of the Building Materials Industry Market Management Press,2010.(in Chinese))
[8]尚金瑞,杨俊杰,董猛荣,等.表层劣化对桩承载性状影响的室内模拟试验[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(增2):857–861.(SHANG Jinrui,YANG Junjie,DONG Mengrong,et al.Laboratory tests on influences of skin degradation on bearing properties of piles[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(Supp.2):857–861.(in Chinese))
[9]POULOS H G,CHEN L T.Pile response due to excavation-induced lateral soil movement[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1997,123(2):94–99.
[10]孙彦仕,胡长明,李永辉,等.套打桩重力式挡土墙的分析与计算[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2009,41(1):76–81.(SUN Yanshi,HU Changming,LI Yonghui,et al.Analysis and calculation of gravity retaining wall with striking pile[J].Journal of Xi?an Univ.of Arch.and Tech.:Natural Science,2009,41(1):76–81.(in Chinese))
[11]李俊才,邓亚光,宋桂华,等.素混凝土劲性水泥土复合桩承载机理分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(1):181–185.(LI Juncai,DENG Yaguang,SONG Guihua,et al.Analysis of load-bearing mechanism of composite foundation of plain concrete reinforced cement-soil mixing piles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(1):181–185(in Chinese))
[12]赵明华.倾斜荷载下基桩的受力研究[博士学位论文][D].长沙:湖南大学,2001.(ZHAO Minghua.Study on the behavior of piles under inclined loads[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changsha:Hunan University,2001.(in Chinese))
[13]李洪江,童立元,刘松玉,等.后注浆超长灌注桩水平承载特性现场试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2016,37(6):204–211.(LI Hongjiang,TONG Liyuan,LIU Songyu,et al.Experimental study on lateral bearing behavior of post-grouting super-long bored pile[J].Journal of Building Structures,2016,37(6):204–211.(in Chinese))
[14]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.JTS167–4—2012港口工程桩基规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2012.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.JTS167–4—2012Codes for pile foundation of harbor engineering[S].Beijing:People?s Traffic Press,2012.(in Chinese))
[15]PRASAD Y V S N,CHARI T R.Lateral capacity of model rigid piles in cohesionless soils[J].Soils and Foundations,1999,39(2):21–29.
[16]朱斌,杨永垚,余振刚,等.海洋高桩基础水平单调及循环加载现场试验[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(6):1 028–1 037.(ZHU Bin,YANG Yongyao,YU Zhengang,et al.Field tests on lateral monotonic and cyclic loadings of offshore elevated piles[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(6):1 028–1 037.(in Chinese))
[17]LESNY K,WIEMANN J.Finite-element-modelling of large diameter monopiles for offshore wind energy converters[C]//Geo Congress2006:Geotechnical Engineering in the Information Technology Age.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2006:1–6.
[18]KULHAWY F H.Drilled shaft foundations[M].2nd ed.[S.l.]:Springer US,1991:537–552.
[2]RANDOLPH M,GOURVENEC S.Offshore geotechnical engineering[M].[S.l.]:CRC Press,2011:207–209.
[3]叶万灵,时蓓玲.桩的水平承载力实用非线性计算方法——NL法[J].岩土力学,2000,21(2):97–101.(YE Wanling,SHI Beiling.A practical non-linear calculation method of pile?s lateral bearing capacity—NL method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2000,21(2):97–101.(in Chinese))
[4]ASHOUR M,NORRIS G.Modeling lateral soil-pile response based on soil-pile interaction[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2000,126(5):420–428.
[5]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.JGJ 94—2008建筑桩基技术规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.JGJ 94—2008.Technical code for building pile foundations[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[6]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.DGJ32/J 12—2005南京地区建筑地基基础设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.DGJ32/J 12—2005 Code for design of building foundation in Nanjing area[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[7]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.DGJ08–11—2010上海地基基础设计规范[S].上海:上海市建筑建材业市场管理总站出版社,2010.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.DGJ08–11—2010 Shanghai foundation design code[S].Shanghai:Shanghai Station of the Building Materials Industry Market Management Press,2010.(in Chinese))
[8]尚金瑞,杨俊杰,董猛荣,等.表层劣化对桩承载性状影响的室内模拟试验[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(增2):857–861.(SHANG Jinrui,YANG Junjie,DONG Mengrong,et al.Laboratory tests on influences of skin degradation on bearing properties of piles[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(Supp.2):857–861.(in Chinese))
[9]POULOS H G,CHEN L T.Pile response due to excavation-induced lateral soil movement[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1997,123(2):94–99.
[10]孙彦仕,胡长明,李永辉,等.套打桩重力式挡土墙的分析与计算[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2009,41(1):76–81.(SUN Yanshi,HU Changming,LI Yonghui,et al.Analysis and calculation of gravity retaining wall with striking pile[J].Journal of Xi?an Univ.of Arch.and Tech.:Natural Science,2009,41(1):76–81.(in Chinese))
[11]李俊才,邓亚光,宋桂华,等.素混凝土劲性水泥土复合桩承载机理分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(1):181–185.(LI Juncai,DENG Yaguang,SONG Guihua,et al.Analysis of load-bearing mechanism of composite foundation of plain concrete reinforced cement-soil mixing piles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(1):181–185(in Chinese))
[12]赵明华.倾斜荷载下基桩的受力研究[博士学位论文][D].长沙:湖南大学,2001.(ZHAO Minghua.Study on the behavior of piles under inclined loads[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changsha:Hunan University,2001.(in Chinese))
[13]李洪江,童立元,刘松玉,等.后注浆超长灌注桩水平承载特性现场试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2016,37(6):204–211.(LI Hongjiang,TONG Liyuan,LIU Songyu,et al.Experimental study on lateral bearing behavior of post-grouting super-long bored pile[J].Journal of Building Structures,2016,37(6):204–211.(in Chinese))
[14]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.JTS167–4—2012港口工程桩基规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2012.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.JTS167–4—2012Codes for pile foundation of harbor engineering[S].Beijing:People?s Traffic Press,2012.(in Chinese))
[15]PRASAD Y V S N,CHARI T R.Lateral capacity of model rigid piles in cohesionless soils[J].Soils and Foundations,1999,39(2):21–29.
[16]朱斌,杨永垚,余振刚,等.海洋高桩基础水平单调及循环加载现场试验[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(6):1 028–1 037.(ZHU Bin,YANG Yongyao,YU Zhengang,et al.Field tests on lateral monotonic and cyclic loadings of offshore elevated piles[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(6):1 028–1 037.(in Chinese))
[17]LESNY K,WIEMANN J.Finite-element-modelling of large diameter monopiles for offshore wind energy converters[C]//Geo Congress2006:Geotechnical Engineering in the Information Technology Age.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2006:1–6.
[18]KULHAWY F H.Drilled shaft foundations[M].2nd ed.[S.l.]:Springer US,1991:537–552.