汽车侧窗风振噪声特性差异研究
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摘要
针对日益凸显的汽车侧窗风振噪声问题,进行了汽车侧窗风振噪声特性研究。首先分析汽车风振噪声产生机理,然后对某款轿车不同侧窗完全开启时引起的风振噪声进行了实车道路试验。通过分析监测点的声压和声压级频谱特征,发现不同侧窗开启模式下汽车侧窗风振噪声特性存在差异:单一后窗开启或者两后窗同时开启情况下风振噪声具有多谐振荡的特性;其它情况下风振噪声仅有单一的风振峰值;在发生共振时,两后窗同时开启引起的风振噪声最强。本研究从CFD数值模拟流场和前后窗造型等角度揭示了不同侧窗开启风振噪声特性存在差异的原因,为侧窗风振噪声的控制奠定了基础。
Aiming at the increasingly prominent problem of vehicle side-window buffeting noise,the characteristics of vehicle side-window buffeting noise are investigated in this paper.Firstly the generation mechanism of vehicle buffeting noise is analyzed,and then road tests on the buffeting noise of a sedan caused by different sidewindow opening patterns are conducted.The characteristics of sound pressure and sound pressure level spectrum of monitoring points are analyzed and the results show that there exist discrepancies in the characteristics of wind buffeting noise under different side-window opening patterns:when a single rear window opens or two rear windows open at the same time,window buffeting noise exhibits a feature of multi-harmonic oscillation,while in other cases only a single peak appears in sound pressure level spectrum.When resonance happens,two rear windows simultaneously opening induce the strongest buffeting noise.From the point of view of flow-field CFD simulation and window styling,the investigation reveals the reasons of discrepancy in the characteristics of buffeting noise with different sidewindow openings,laying a foundation for controlling side-window buffeting noise.
Aiming at the increasingly prominent problem of vehicle side-window buffeting noise,the characteristics of vehicle side-window buffeting noise are investigated in this paper.Firstly the generation mechanism of vehicle buffeting noise is analyzed,and then road tests on the buffeting noise of a sedan caused by different sidewindow opening patterns are conducted.The characteristics of sound pressure and sound pressure level spectrum of monitoring points are analyzed and the results show that there exist discrepancies in the characteristics of wind buffeting noise under different side-window opening patterns:when a single rear window opens or two rear windows open at the same time,window buffeting noise exhibits a feature of multi-harmonic oscillation,while in other cases only a single peak appears in sound pressure level spectrum.When resonance happens,two rear windows simultaneously opening induce the strongest buffeting noise.From the point of view of flow-field CFD simulation and window styling,the investigation reveals the reasons of discrepancy in the characteristics of buffeting noise with different sidewindow openings,laying a foundation for controlling side-window buffeting noise.
引文
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[13]谷正气,肖朕毅,莫志姣.汽车风振噪声的CFD仿真研究现状[J].噪声与振动控制,2007,27(4):65-68.
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[15]杨振东,谷正气.基于尺度自适应模拟的汽车天窗风振噪声特性分析[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(12):107-117.
[16]杨振东,谷正气,董光平,等.汽车天窗风振噪声分析与优化控制[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(21):193-201.
[17]汪怡平,谷正气,杨雪.汽车侧窗风振特性研究及控制[J].空气动力学学报,2012,30(3):277-283.
[18]YANG Z,GU Z,TU J,et al.Numerical analysis and passive control of a car side window buffeting noise based on scale-adaptive simulation[J].Applied Acoustics,2014,79(Complete):23-34.
[19]宗轶琦,谷正气,罗则敏,等.侧窗连续开度变化时汽车风振噪声的数值模拟[J].汽车工程,2016,38(12):1426-1433,1414.
[20]杨振东.汽车风振噪声特性分析与被动控制研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2016.
[21]全国信息与文献标准化技术委员会.客车车内噪声限值及测量方法:GB/T25982—2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.
[2]TALOTTE C.Aerodynamic noise:a critical survery[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2000,231(3):549-562.
[3]HAMAMOTO N,OKUTSU Y,YANAGIMOTO K.Investigation for the effect of the external noise sources onto the interior aerodynamic noise[C].SAE Papers 2013-01-1257.
[4]汪怡平,谷正气,李伟平,等.汽车气动噪声数值计算分析[J].汽车工程,2009,31(4):385-388.
[5]杨博,胡兴军,张英朝.汽车后视镜区域非定常流场与气动噪声研究[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(22):151-155.
[6]贺银芝,杨志刚,王毅刚.某轿车车内气动噪声特性的试验研究[J].汽车工程,2016,38(1):72-77.
[7]BODGER W,JONES C.Aerodynamic wind throb in passenger cars[C].SAE Paper 640797.
[8]NELSON P A,HALLIWELL N A,DOAK P E.Fluid dynamics of a flow excited resonance,part I:experiment[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1981,78(81):15-38.
[9]NELSON P A,HALLIWELL N A,DOAK P E.Fluid dynamics of a flow excited resonance,part II:flow acoustic interaction[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1983,91(3):375-402.
[10]OTA D K,CHAKRAVARTHTY S R,BECKER T,et al.Computational study of resonance suppression of open sunroofs[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,1994,116(4):877-882.
[11]AN C-F,ALAIE S M,SOVANI S D,et al.Side window buffeting characteristics of an SUV[C].SAE Paper 2004-01-0230.
[12]KARBON K,SINGH R.Simulation and design of automobile sunroof buffeting noise control[C].Proceedings of the 8th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference&Exhibit,Breckenridge,Colorado,AIAA 2002-2550,2002.
[13]谷正气,肖朕毅,莫志姣.汽车风振噪声的CFD仿真研究现状[J].噪声与振动控制,2007,27(4):65-68.
[14]WANG Y,DENG Y,YANG Z,et al.Numerical study of the flow-induced sunroof buffeting noise of a simplified cavity model based on the slightly compressible model[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering,2013,227(8):1187-1199.
[15]杨振东,谷正气.基于尺度自适应模拟的汽车天窗风振噪声特性分析[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(12):107-117.
[16]杨振东,谷正气,董光平,等.汽车天窗风振噪声分析与优化控制[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(21):193-201.
[17]汪怡平,谷正气,杨雪.汽车侧窗风振特性研究及控制[J].空气动力学学报,2012,30(3):277-283.
[18]YANG Z,GU Z,TU J,et al.Numerical analysis and passive control of a car side window buffeting noise based on scale-adaptive simulation[J].Applied Acoustics,2014,79(Complete):23-34.
[19]宗轶琦,谷正气,罗则敏,等.侧窗连续开度变化时汽车风振噪声的数值模拟[J].汽车工程,2016,38(12):1426-1433,1414.
[20]杨振东.汽车风振噪声特性分析与被动控制研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2016.
[21]全国信息与文献标准化技术委员会.客车车内噪声限值及测量方法:GB/T25982—2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.