日本骨性Ⅰ类错畸形儿童颜面生长发育的纵向分析
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摘要
目的:分析骨性Ⅰ类错畸形日本儿童颜面侧貌的生长发育特征。方法 :选择57例骨性Ⅰ类错畸形日本儿童(男25例,女32例)7~18岁的525张侧面照片。通过软组织外耳道的最上缘点(er点)和眼裂外眦点(ex点)的连线er-ex平面作为评价生长变化的基准平面。测量软组织侧貌的距离比,角度及上、下唇到E-line的距离。对侧貌软组织的生长变化进行纵向分析。采用SPSS 12.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:8~13岁颏部的水平比男女间有显著差异。7~18岁男女的水平比变量显示明显改变,垂直比无明显改变。上、中面高与全面高比稍有增加。结论:7~18岁儿童鼻部与颏部表现出明显的生长变化;鼻尖向前向下生长,颏部逐渐向前突出;女性上唇稍后缩,男性上唇有直立倾向;下唇轻微向前生长。上面高与总面高比率增加,中面高与总面高的比率减少,而下面高与总面高的比率几乎无改变。
PURPOSE: To analyze the longitudinal growth changes in facial profiles of Japanese children with skeletal Class Ⅰ malocclusion. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 525 longitudinally taken lateral facial photographs from 57 Japanese children(25 males and 32 females) aging from 7 to 18 years. The reference line to standardize and evaluate serial growth changes was the er-ex line passing through point er,the upper edge of the ear rod in a Photostat,and point ex,ektokanthion. The profile ratios,angles,and distances from the upper/lower lips to the E-line were measured.Longitudinal growth changes in the facial profiles were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 software package. RESULTS: The horizontal profile ratios of the chin showed significant differences between the sexes aging from 8 to 13 years. The horizontal profile ratios showed characteristic changes in both males and females from 7 to 18 years. The vertical profile ratios did not show such remarkable changes. CONCLUSIONS: The nose and chin showed characteristic facial growth;the nasal tip showed forward and downward growth and the chin showed gradual protrusion. The upper lip showed slight retraction in females but an upright tendency in males. The lower lip showed slight forward growth. The ratios of upper to total facial height and middle to total facial height increased and decreased,respectively. The ratio of lower to total facial height showed few changes.
PURPOSE: To analyze the longitudinal growth changes in facial profiles of Japanese children with skeletal Class Ⅰ malocclusion. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 525 longitudinally taken lateral facial photographs from 57 Japanese children(25 males and 32 females) aging from 7 to 18 years. The reference line to standardize and evaluate serial growth changes was the er-ex line passing through point er,the upper edge of the ear rod in a Photostat,and point ex,ektokanthion. The profile ratios,angles,and distances from the upper/lower lips to the E-line were measured.Longitudinal growth changes in the facial profiles were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 software package. RESULTS: The horizontal profile ratios of the chin showed significant differences between the sexes aging from 8 to 13 years. The horizontal profile ratios showed characteristic changes in both males and females from 7 to 18 years. The vertical profile ratios did not show such remarkable changes. CONCLUSIONS: The nose and chin showed characteristic facial growth;the nasal tip showed forward and downward growth and the chin showed gradual protrusion. The upper lip showed slight retraction in females but an upright tendency in males. The lower lip showed slight forward growth. The ratios of upper to total facial height and middle to total facial height increased and decreased,respectively. The ratio of lower to total facial height showed few changes.
引文
[1]Ferrario VF,Sforza C,Miani A,et al.A size-standardized analysis of soft tissue facial profile during growth[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1997,112(1):28-33.
[2]Bergman RT.Cephalometric soft tissue facial analysis[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1999,116(4):371-389.
[3]Nanda RS,Meng H,Kapila S,et al.Growth changes in the soft tissue facial profile[J].Angle Orthod,1990,60(3):177-190.
[4]Prahl-Andersen B,Ligthelm-bakker AS,Wattel E,et al.Adolescent growth changes in soft tissue profile[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1995,107(5):476-483.
[5]Shaw C.'Putting flesh back onto the bones?'Can we predict soft tissue properties from skeletal and fossil remains?[J].J Hum Evol,2010,59(5):484-492.
[6]Ferrario VF,Sforza C.Size and shape of soft-tissue facial profile:effects of age,gender,and skeletal class[J].Cleft Palate Craniofac J,1997,34(6):498-504.
[7]Ferrario VF,Sforza C,Miani A,et al.Craniofacial morphometry by photographic evaluations[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1993,103(4):327-337.
[8]Bishara SE,Peterson LC,Bishara EC.Changes in facial dimensions and relationships between the ages of 5 and 25 years[J].Am J Orthod,1984,85(3):238-252.
[9]Jiang W,Suzuki A,Nakasima A.Cephalometric relationship between facial profile and dentofacial skeletal morphology on Japanese with normal occlusion[J].J Nishi-Nippon Orthod Soc,2002,47:14-24.
[10]Clements BS.Nasal imbalance and the orthodontic patient[J].Am J Orthod,1969,55(3):244-264.
[11]Bishara SE,Jorgensen GJ,Jakobsen JR.Changes in facial dimensions assessed from lateral and frontal photographs.Part I:Methodology[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1995,108(4):389-393.
[12]Fishman LS.A longitudinal cephalometric study of the normal cranio-facial profile,utilizing a proportional analysis of skeletal,soft tissue,and dental structures[J].Int Dent J,1969,19(3):351-379.
[13]Foley TF,Duncan PG.Soft tissue profile changes in late adolescent males[J].Angle Orthod,1997,67(5):373-380.
[14]Al Dayeh AA,Rafferty KL,Egbert M,et al.Real-time monitoring of the growth of the nasal septal cartilage and the nasofrontal suture[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,2013,143(6):773-783.
[15]Hamamci N,Arslan SG,Sahin S.Longitudinal profile changes in an Anatolian Turkish population[J].Eur J Orthod,2010,32(2):199-206.
[16]Elsayed FA,Abdel Aziz HM,Abdel Ghany AH,et al.Growth changes in the soft tissue profile of Yemenis females:a crosssectional study[J].Contemp Clin Dent,2015,6(4):448-453.
[17]Watanabe GP,Himuro T,Nemoto T.Changes in soft tissue profile during growth of Japanese female children with mild Angle ClassⅢmalocclusion[J].J Jpn Orthod Soc,1996,55:493-500.
[18]Powell N,Humphreys B.Proportions of the aesthetic face[M].New York:Thieme-Stratton Inc.,1984.
[19]Erbay EF,Caniklio?lu CM,Erbay SK.Soft tissue profile in Anatolian Turkish adults:Part I.Evaluation of horizontal lip position using different soft tissue analyses[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,2002,121(1):57-64.
[20]Blanchette ME,Nanda RS,Currier GF,et al.A longitudinal cephalometric study of the soft tissue profile of short-and longface syndromes from 7 to 17 years[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1996,109(2):116-131.
[21]Arnett GW,Bergman RT.Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.Part I[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1993,103(4):299-312.
[22]Lundstrom F,Lundstrom A.Natural head position as a basis for cephalometric analysis[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1992,101(3):244-247.
[23]Spradley FL,Jacobs JD,Crowe DP.Assessment of the anteroposterior soft-tissue contour of the lower facial third in the ideal young adult[J].Am J Orthod,1981,79(3):316-325.
[24]Bishara SE,Jorgensen GJ,Jakobsen JR.Changes in facial dimensions assessed from lateral and frontal photographs.PartⅡ-Results and conclusions[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1995,108(5):489-499.
[2]Bergman RT.Cephalometric soft tissue facial analysis[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1999,116(4):371-389.
[3]Nanda RS,Meng H,Kapila S,et al.Growth changes in the soft tissue facial profile[J].Angle Orthod,1990,60(3):177-190.
[4]Prahl-Andersen B,Ligthelm-bakker AS,Wattel E,et al.Adolescent growth changes in soft tissue profile[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1995,107(5):476-483.
[5]Shaw C.'Putting flesh back onto the bones?'Can we predict soft tissue properties from skeletal and fossil remains?[J].J Hum Evol,2010,59(5):484-492.
[6]Ferrario VF,Sforza C.Size and shape of soft-tissue facial profile:effects of age,gender,and skeletal class[J].Cleft Palate Craniofac J,1997,34(6):498-504.
[7]Ferrario VF,Sforza C,Miani A,et al.Craniofacial morphometry by photographic evaluations[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1993,103(4):327-337.
[8]Bishara SE,Peterson LC,Bishara EC.Changes in facial dimensions and relationships between the ages of 5 and 25 years[J].Am J Orthod,1984,85(3):238-252.
[9]Jiang W,Suzuki A,Nakasima A.Cephalometric relationship between facial profile and dentofacial skeletal morphology on Japanese with normal occlusion[J].J Nishi-Nippon Orthod Soc,2002,47:14-24.
[10]Clements BS.Nasal imbalance and the orthodontic patient[J].Am J Orthod,1969,55(3):244-264.
[11]Bishara SE,Jorgensen GJ,Jakobsen JR.Changes in facial dimensions assessed from lateral and frontal photographs.Part I:Methodology[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1995,108(4):389-393.
[12]Fishman LS.A longitudinal cephalometric study of the normal cranio-facial profile,utilizing a proportional analysis of skeletal,soft tissue,and dental structures[J].Int Dent J,1969,19(3):351-379.
[13]Foley TF,Duncan PG.Soft tissue profile changes in late adolescent males[J].Angle Orthod,1997,67(5):373-380.
[14]Al Dayeh AA,Rafferty KL,Egbert M,et al.Real-time monitoring of the growth of the nasal septal cartilage and the nasofrontal suture[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,2013,143(6):773-783.
[15]Hamamci N,Arslan SG,Sahin S.Longitudinal profile changes in an Anatolian Turkish population[J].Eur J Orthod,2010,32(2):199-206.
[16]Elsayed FA,Abdel Aziz HM,Abdel Ghany AH,et al.Growth changes in the soft tissue profile of Yemenis females:a crosssectional study[J].Contemp Clin Dent,2015,6(4):448-453.
[17]Watanabe GP,Himuro T,Nemoto T.Changes in soft tissue profile during growth of Japanese female children with mild Angle ClassⅢmalocclusion[J].J Jpn Orthod Soc,1996,55:493-500.
[18]Powell N,Humphreys B.Proportions of the aesthetic face[M].New York:Thieme-Stratton Inc.,1984.
[19]Erbay EF,Caniklio?lu CM,Erbay SK.Soft tissue profile in Anatolian Turkish adults:Part I.Evaluation of horizontal lip position using different soft tissue analyses[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,2002,121(1):57-64.
[20]Blanchette ME,Nanda RS,Currier GF,et al.A longitudinal cephalometric study of the soft tissue profile of short-and longface syndromes from 7 to 17 years[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1996,109(2):116-131.
[21]Arnett GW,Bergman RT.Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.Part I[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1993,103(4):299-312.
[22]Lundstrom F,Lundstrom A.Natural head position as a basis for cephalometric analysis[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1992,101(3):244-247.
[23]Spradley FL,Jacobs JD,Crowe DP.Assessment of the anteroposterior soft-tissue contour of the lower facial third in the ideal young adult[J].Am J Orthod,1981,79(3):316-325.
[24]Bishara SE,Jorgensen GJ,Jakobsen JR.Changes in facial dimensions assessed from lateral and frontal photographs.PartⅡ-Results and conclusions[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1995,108(5):489-499.