氮肥用量对不同冬马铃薯品种产量及氮肥利用率的影响
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摘要
通过田间试验研究氮肥用量对2个不同品种马铃薯产量、经济效益和氮肥利用率的影响,通过分析马铃薯产量、经济效益与氮肥利用率随氮肥用量的变化趋势,提出冬马铃薯生产上适宜的氮肥用量。结果表明:施氮显著增加了马铃薯产量,施氮处理较未施氮处理增产32.9%～117.2%;马铃薯的单株结薯数、单株薯重、块茎产量、施氮纯增收和氮肥贡献率均随氮肥用量的增加呈先增加后降低,均在N345处理下达最大值,而氮肥产投比、农学效率和偏生产力均随氮肥用量的增加而降低,在相同施氮处理下云薯902的施氮纯增收、产投比、氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力和贡献率均高于合作88;马铃薯产量对氮肥用量的反应通过二次多项式模型分析得出,云薯902的氮肥效应回归方程为:Y=-0.272N~2+182.15N+27 987(F=124.15**,R~2=0.988 1**),合作88的氮肥效应回归方程为:Y=-0.2 168N2+119.28N+28 807(F=24.09**,R~2=0.941 4**)。马铃薯不同品种间的产量、经济效益、氮肥利用率存在差异,且不同品种间的最佳施氮量和生产等量鲜薯的氮肥需要量也不同,云薯902和合作88两品种的最佳施氮量分别为329.6和268.5 kg/hm~2,生产1 t鲜薯的氮肥需要量分别为5.64和5.94 kg。因此,在兼顾产量、效益及氮素利用率等因素下,建议云薯902的适宜氮肥用量为270～329.6 kg/hm~2,合作88的适宜氮肥用量为195～268.5 kg/hm~2。
Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen application rates on yield,economic benefits and nitrogen use efficiency of 2 different potato varieties,the trend of potato yield,economic benefits and nitrogen use efficiency with nitrogen application were analyzed,and appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application rate in winter potato production was put forward.The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased potato yield by32.9% to 117.2%.Potato tuber number per plant,potato tuber weight per plant,tuber yield,N net income,and nitrogen fertilizer contribution rate all increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizerapplication amount,and reached the maximum value under the N345 treatment,while the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer cost to production income,agronomic efficiency and partial productivity decreased with the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer application. Under the same nitrogen treatment,N net income,ratio of nitrogen cost to income,agronomic efficiency and partial productivity,and the contribution rate of Yunshu902 were all higher than those of co88.Reaction of potato yield to nitrogen fertilizer application was simulated by quadratic polynomial model analysis, the regression equation for Yunshu902 was Y=-0.272 N~2+182.15 N+27 987(F=124.15**,R~2=0.988 1**)and for co88 was Y=-0.2 168 N2+119.28 N+28 807(F=24.09**,R~2=0.941 4**).There were differences in yield,economic benefit and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate among different potato varieties,and the optimal nitrogen application and nitrogen fertilizer requirements for producing the same amount of potato were also different.The optimal nitrogen application for Yunshu902 and co88 were 329.6 and 268.5 kg/hm~2,nitrogen fertilizer requirements for producing 1 t potato were 5.64 and 5.94 kg,respectively.Therefore,considering of yield,benefit and nitrogen use efficiency synthetically,it is suggested that the suitable N-fertilizer for Yunshu902 should be 270 ～ 329.6 kg/hm~2,and for Co88 should be 195 ～ 268.5 kg/hm~2.
Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen application rates on yield,economic benefits and nitrogen use efficiency of 2 different potato varieties,the trend of potato yield,economic benefits and nitrogen use efficiency with nitrogen application were analyzed,and appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application rate in winter potato production was put forward.The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased potato yield by32.9% to 117.2%.Potato tuber number per plant,potato tuber weight per plant,tuber yield,N net income,and nitrogen fertilizer contribution rate all increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizerapplication amount,and reached the maximum value under the N345 treatment,while the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer cost to production income,agronomic efficiency and partial productivity decreased with the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer application. Under the same nitrogen treatment,N net income,ratio of nitrogen cost to income,agronomic efficiency and partial productivity,and the contribution rate of Yunshu902 were all higher than those of co88.Reaction of potato yield to nitrogen fertilizer application was simulated by quadratic polynomial model analysis, the regression equation for Yunshu902 was Y=-0.272 N~2+182.15 N+27 987(F=124.15**,R~2=0.988 1**)and for co88 was Y=-0.2 168 N2+119.28 N+28 807(F=24.09**,R~2=0.941 4**).There were differences in yield,economic benefit and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate among different potato varieties,and the optimal nitrogen application and nitrogen fertilizer requirements for producing the same amount of potato were also different.The optimal nitrogen application for Yunshu902 and co88 were 329.6 and 268.5 kg/hm~2,nitrogen fertilizer requirements for producing 1 t potato were 5.64 and 5.94 kg,respectively.Therefore,considering of yield,benefit and nitrogen use efficiency synthetically,it is suggested that the suitable N-fertilizer for Yunshu902 should be 270 ～ 329.6 kg/hm~2,and for Co88 should be 195 ～ 268.5 kg/hm~2.
引文
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[15]何万春,何昌福,邱慧珍,等.不同氮水平对旱地覆膜马铃薯干物质积累与分配的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(4):175-182.
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[17]黄继川,彭智平,于俊红,等.不同氮肥用量对冬种马铃薯产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(2):266-270.
[18]雷武生,王永平.不同氮肥运筹对丘陵地区春播马铃薯产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(21):61-65.
[19]周娜娜.不同氮水平对马铃薯产量构成和土壤NO3--N含量的影响[J].中国马铃薯,2010,24(2):91-93.
[20]董茜,郑顺林,李国培,等.施氮量及追肥比例对冬马铃薯块茎品质形成的影响[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(5):1571-1574.
[21]田洵.施氮量对不同马铃薯品种生长发育及氮代谢的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2016.
[22]魏峭嵘,曹敏建,石瑛,等.施氮水平对不同马铃薯品种生长发育及品质性状的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(2):152-158.
[23]秦永林.不同灌溉模式下马铃薯的水肥效率及膜下滴灌的氮肥推荐[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2013.
[24]李利.不同施氮量对马铃薯氮素吸收,积累及利用的影响[J].山西农业科学,2013,40(12):1292-1295.
[2]刘润梅,范茂攀,付云章,等.云南省马铃薯施肥量与化肥偏生产力的关系研究[J].土壤学报,2014,51(4):753-760.
[3]廖佳丽,徐福利,赵世伟.宁南山区施肥对马铃薯生长发育、产量及品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009,(4):47-52.
[4]Zebarth B J,Rosen C J.Research perspective on nitrogen BMP development for potato[J].American Journal of Potato Research,2007,84:3-18.
[5]李梦龙,何万春,何昌福,等.氮肥施用量对水浇地覆膜马铃薯土壤矿质氮含量及马铃薯产量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2016,51(3):60-64.
[6]陈万翔,尚文艳,许志兴,等.定量磷钾肥条件下氮肥不同施用量对地膜马铃薯产量的影响[J].河北旅游职业学院学报,2015,20(3):97-106.
[7]修凤英,朱丽丽,李井会.不同施氮量对马铃薯氮素利用特性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009,(3):36-38,43.
[8]Pettersson S,Jensen P.Varietion among species and varieties in uptake and utilization of polassium[J].Plant and Soil,1983,72:231-237.
[9]张国平,张光恒.小麦氮素利用效率的基因型差异研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1996,2(4):331-336.
[10]姜丽霞.旱作马铃薯不同品种氮、磷、钾吸收分配规律及施肥的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010.
[11]高媛,秦永林,樊明寿.马铃薯块茎形成的氮素营养调控[J].作物杂志,2012,(6):14-18.
[12]张炜,杨德桦,黄小箐,等.氮肥用量对襄阳地区马铃薯产量、品质和经济效益的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016,(1):72-76.
[13]陈瑞英.水氮互作对马铃薯产量和氮素吸收利用特性的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[14]孙磊,王弘,李明月,等.马铃薯生产的氮肥管理策略[J].中国马铃薯,2013,27(5):314-318.
[15]何万春,何昌福,邱慧珍,等.不同氮水平对旱地覆膜马铃薯干物质积累与分配的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(4):175-182.
[16]吉玮蓉,张吉立,孙海人,等.不同施氮量对马铃薯养分吸收及产量和品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(21):5158-5160,5166.
[17]黄继川,彭智平,于俊红,等.不同氮肥用量对冬种马铃薯产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(2):266-270.
[18]雷武生,王永平.不同氮肥运筹对丘陵地区春播马铃薯产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(21):61-65.
[19]周娜娜.不同氮水平对马铃薯产量构成和土壤NO3--N含量的影响[J].中国马铃薯,2010,24(2):91-93.
[20]董茜,郑顺林,李国培,等.施氮量及追肥比例对冬马铃薯块茎品质形成的影响[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(5):1571-1574.
[21]田洵.施氮量对不同马铃薯品种生长发育及氮代谢的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2016.
[22]魏峭嵘,曹敏建,石瑛,等.施氮水平对不同马铃薯品种生长发育及品质性状的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(2):152-158.
[23]秦永林.不同灌溉模式下马铃薯的水肥效率及膜下滴灌的氮肥推荐[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2013.
[24]李利.不同施氮量对马铃薯氮素吸收,积累及利用的影响[J].山西农业科学,2013,40(12):1292-1295.