褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)早期生长发育与人工繁育技术研究
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摘要
在室内水泥池育苗条件下研究了褐菖(Sebastiscus marmoratus)仔、稚、幼鱼的生长发育特性和人工育苗关键技术.结果表明:在育苗水温12~17℃,5日龄卵黄囊消失进入仔鱼后期,36日龄各鳍鳍条形成进入稚鱼期,经57~62d鳞被完整发育为幼鱼;仔鱼期、稚鱼期和幼鱼期的平均存活率分别为17.42%、66.01%和89.21%;水温对30日龄前的仔鱼生长影响不显著,平均体长增长率为(0.12±0.01)mm·d-1,30日龄后温度效应不断增大,平均日增长率(0.75±0.05)mm·d-1,其生长拟合方程为Lt=0.0001D3+0.001D2+0.0123D+4.3919,R2=0.98;蛋黄可以部分代替轮虫,且存活率及生长速度与轮虫组无显著差异;育苗中发现第14~15天、第28~30天、第41~50天分别为褐菖育苗的3个危险期,死亡率以第1个危险期最高,达67.20%;针对3个危险期提出了加强早期营养供应,缩短卤虫投喂时间,增设底部和各水层隐蔽物等建议.
The growth and development characteristics and the key technologies of artificial breeding for larvae,juvenile and young fish of Sebastiscus marmoratus under industrialized breeding conditions are studied.The results show that the yolk sac of larvae disappeared five days later,while the larvae develop into juvenile stage after 36 days with well formed fin rays,and the juvenile was completely covered with scales after 57-62 d hatching under testing temperature(12-17 ℃).The average survival rate of larvae juveniles and young fish was 17.42%,66.01%,and 89.21%,respectively.The average growth rate of larval in different treatments was at very similar level within the postnatal 30-day-period,being in range of(0.12±0.01) mm·d-1.From the 30-day-period and on,the effect of temperature on the growth rate of larval was more obvious which led to(0.75±0.05) mm·d-1,and the growth of the entire development process fitting equation was quantified as Lt =0.0001D3 +0.001D2 + 0.0123D+4.3919,R2=0.98.The egg yolk can partially replace rotifers,and the survival and growth rate did not vary significantly when comparing with that in rotifers group.The stages of 14-15 d,28-30 d,and 41-50 d were identified as three dangerous periods during Sebastiscus marmoratus nursery,in which the mortality of first dangerous period was up to 67.20%.The key technical measures to cope with the three crisis periods include strengthening early nutrient supply,shortening the artemia feeding time,adding the hidden objects to both the bottom and surface of the water container.
The growth and development characteristics and the key technologies of artificial breeding for larvae,juvenile and young fish of Sebastiscus marmoratus under industrialized breeding conditions are studied.The results show that the yolk sac of larvae disappeared five days later,while the larvae develop into juvenile stage after 36 days with well formed fin rays,and the juvenile was completely covered with scales after 57-62 d hatching under testing temperature(12-17 ℃).The average survival rate of larvae juveniles and young fish was 17.42%,66.01%,and 89.21%,respectively.The average growth rate of larval in different treatments was at very similar level within the postnatal 30-day-period,being in range of(0.12±0.01) mm·d-1.From the 30-day-period and on,the effect of temperature on the growth rate of larval was more obvious which led to(0.75±0.05) mm·d-1,and the growth of the entire development process fitting equation was quantified as Lt =0.0001D3 +0.001D2 + 0.0123D+4.3919,R2=0.98.The egg yolk can partially replace rotifers,and the survival and growth rate did not vary significantly when comparing with that in rotifers group.The stages of 14-15 d,28-30 d,and 41-50 d were identified as three dangerous periods during Sebastiscus marmoratus nursery,in which the mortality of first dangerous period was up to 67.20%.The key technical measures to cope with the three crisis periods include strengthening early nutrient supply,shortening the artemia feeding time,adding the hidden objects to both the bottom and surface of the water container.
引文
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[5]Li J H,Sun L B,Zuo Z H,et al.Exposure to paclobutrazoldisrupts spermatogenesis in male Sebastiscus marmoratus[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2012(122/123):120-124.
[6]吴常文,王伟洪,李昌达.褐菖(Sebastiscus marmoratus)性腺、胚胎和仔鱼发育的初步研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,1999,8(4):310-314.
[7]林丹军,尤永隆.卵胎生硬骨鱼褐菖胚胎及仔鱼的发育[J].台湾海峡,2002,21(1):45-52.
[8]王志铮,吴常文,侯伟芬,等.褐菖仔、稚鱼生长特性及其关键变态期的研究[J].海洋科学,2002,26(5):1-5.
[9]He C Y,Zuo Z H,Shi X,et al.Pyrene exposureinfluences the thyroid development of Sebastiscusmarmoratus embryos[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2012(124/125):28-33.
[10]吴常文.若干环境因子对褐菖仔鱼存活率的影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2000,19(1):12-16.
[11]高明良.褐菖早期仔鱼的生态因子最适范围研究[D].福州:福州大学,2006.
[12]江丽华,朱爱意,苑淑宾.饥饿对褐菖代谢水平的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2011,30(6):82-86.
[13]朱爱意,赵向炯,付俊,等.褐菖耗氧率及窒息点的初步研究[J].海洋水产研究,2007,28(1):95-100.
[14]Narita A,Tokai U.Effect of different rearing conditionson feeding activity,food consumption and growth inmarbled rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus larvae[J].Suisanzoshoku,2010,58(2):289-296.
[15]钱昶,常抗美,李焕,等.褐鲳全人工育苗技术[J].中国水产,2010,10(7):48-49.
[16]陈爱平.褐菖人工育苗技术[J].中国水产,1995,8:31-31.
[17]吴常文.浙江舟山近海褐菖(Sebastiscus marmoratus)生物学研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,1999,18(3):185-226.
[18]王凯,章守宇,汪振华,等.枸杞岛海藻场褐菖的摄食习性[J].水产学报,2010,34(2):227-235.
[19]马平.海产轮虫培养实用技术的研究概况[J].福建水产,2004,2:64-68.
[20]魏杰,赵文,李多慧.温度、盐度、非离子氨对不同驯化时间蒙古裸腹溞存活、生殖和种群增长的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2010,25(6):495-501.
[21]王春芳,解绶启.稚幼鱼的营养与饲料研究进展[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(5):557-562.
[22]骆豫江,陈昆慈,朱新平,等.高体革鯻仔鱼的摄食特性[J].华中农业大学学报,2010,29(1):90-95.
[23]殷名称.鱼类仔鱼期的摄食和生长[J].水产学报,1995,19(4):335-342.
[2]Amzad M H,Masayuki F.Essentiality of dietary calciumsupplement in fingerling scorpion fish(Sebastiscusmarmoratus)[J].Aquaculture,2000,189(1/2):155-163.
[3]林丹军,尤永隆,陈莲云.卵胎生硬骨鱼褐菖精巢的周期发育[J].动物学研究,2000,21(5):337-342.
[4]林丹军,尤永隆.卵胎生硬骨鱼褐菖卵巢的周期发育研究[J].动物学研究,2000,21(4):269-274.
[5]Li J H,Sun L B,Zuo Z H,et al.Exposure to paclobutrazoldisrupts spermatogenesis in male Sebastiscus marmoratus[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2012(122/123):120-124.
[6]吴常文,王伟洪,李昌达.褐菖(Sebastiscus marmoratus)性腺、胚胎和仔鱼发育的初步研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,1999,8(4):310-314.
[7]林丹军,尤永隆.卵胎生硬骨鱼褐菖胚胎及仔鱼的发育[J].台湾海峡,2002,21(1):45-52.
[8]王志铮,吴常文,侯伟芬,等.褐菖仔、稚鱼生长特性及其关键变态期的研究[J].海洋科学,2002,26(5):1-5.
[9]He C Y,Zuo Z H,Shi X,et al.Pyrene exposureinfluences the thyroid development of Sebastiscusmarmoratus embryos[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2012(124/125):28-33.
[10]吴常文.若干环境因子对褐菖仔鱼存活率的影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2000,19(1):12-16.
[11]高明良.褐菖早期仔鱼的生态因子最适范围研究[D].福州:福州大学,2006.
[12]江丽华,朱爱意,苑淑宾.饥饿对褐菖代谢水平的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2011,30(6):82-86.
[13]朱爱意,赵向炯,付俊,等.褐菖耗氧率及窒息点的初步研究[J].海洋水产研究,2007,28(1):95-100.
[14]Narita A,Tokai U.Effect of different rearing conditionson feeding activity,food consumption and growth inmarbled rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus larvae[J].Suisanzoshoku,2010,58(2):289-296.
[15]钱昶,常抗美,李焕,等.褐鲳全人工育苗技术[J].中国水产,2010,10(7):48-49.
[16]陈爱平.褐菖人工育苗技术[J].中国水产,1995,8:31-31.
[17]吴常文.浙江舟山近海褐菖(Sebastiscus marmoratus)生物学研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,1999,18(3):185-226.
[18]王凯,章守宇,汪振华,等.枸杞岛海藻场褐菖的摄食习性[J].水产学报,2010,34(2):227-235.
[19]马平.海产轮虫培养实用技术的研究概况[J].福建水产,2004,2:64-68.
[20]魏杰,赵文,李多慧.温度、盐度、非离子氨对不同驯化时间蒙古裸腹溞存活、生殖和种群增长的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2010,25(6):495-501.
[21]王春芳,解绶启.稚幼鱼的营养与饲料研究进展[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(5):557-562.
[22]骆豫江,陈昆慈,朱新平,等.高体革鯻仔鱼的摄食特性[J].华中农业大学学报,2010,29(1):90-95.
[23]殷名称.鱼类仔鱼期的摄食和生长[J].水产学报,1995,19(4):335-342.