基于渔港抽样调查南海不同捕捞方式CPUE比较分析
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摘要
本研究基于2016年对南海三省区的14个沿海主要渔港的连续4个季节抽样调查(共计5256航次,抽样总功率达到89.2×10~4 kW),以kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1)作为CPUE(Catch per unit effort,单位捕捞努力量渔获量)标准化后的单位,对南海9种捕捞作业类型渔船的CPUE进行了比较分析。结果显示,CPUE_(围网)>CPUE_(双拖)>CPUE_(刺网)>CPUE_(罩网)>CPUE_(张网)>CPUE_(单拖)>CPUE_(虾拖)>CPUE_(笼壶)>CPUE_(钓具)。不同捕捞作业类型CPUE随渔船功率段的变化而不同,CPUE峰值数及其所对应的最优功率段(渔获率最高的功率段)也有差异,单拖和虾拖渔船的CPUE随渔船功率的变化具有1个CPUE峰值点,最优功率段分别为(200～250) kW(CPUE=8.6 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1))和(150～200) kW(CPUE=5.0 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1));围网、双拖、钓具和刺网渔船的CPUE随渔船功率的变化有2个CPUE峰值点,对应的最优功率段分别为(200～250)kW(CPUE=47.7kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1))、(350～400)kW(CPUE=16.8kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1))、(50～100)(CPUE=2.9 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1))和(0～50) kW(CPUE=6.9 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1))。罩网渔船CPUE随功率段变化有3个峰值点,最优功率段为(0～50) kW(CPUE=7.0 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1))。不同捕捞作业类型CPUE季节变化表现:围网CPUE均值在春季最高,单拖、双拖、罩网、钓具和笼壶在夏季最高,张网在秋季最高,刺网和虾拖在冬季最高。
Catch Per Unit Effort(CPUE) was commonly used to assess fishery resource abundance.The assessment results can be narrow when using a single special fishing type to assess the whole sea resource density due to complexity and specificity of species. In this study, kg/(kW·d) was used as the standardized unit of CPUE to analyze and compare the catch rates of different fishing types in the South China Sea. Data were collected by the investigations of fishing vessels in 14 major fishing ports of the 3 provinces and autonomous regions of Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan in 2016. Total of 5256 voyages,892,109 kW of the fishing vesseles were sampled and investigated. The results showed that nine fishing types' catching rate(CPUE) were ranked as seine > pair trawl > gillnet > falling-net > stow net > otter trawl > shrimp trawl > pot > fishing tackle. The changing trend of different fishing types' CPUE were different with the power level of main engine. And the number of CPUE peaks and their corresponding optimal range(the highest rate of capture of the power range) were not the same, specific performances:Variation of CPUE of otter trawl and shrimp trawl showed one peak with the trend of rising first and declining later, corresponding optimal ranges of(200～250) kW(CPUE=8.6 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1)) and(150～200) kW(CPUE=5.0 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1)) for otter trawl and shrimp trawl respectively. Two peaks of variation were showed on CPUE of seine, pair trawl trawler, fishing tackle and gillnet, with the trend of first to decline then rise and last decline, corresponding optimal range:(200～250) kW(CPUE=47.7 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1))for seine,(350～400) kW(CPUE=16.8 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1)) for pair trawl,(50～100)(CPUE=2.9 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1)) for fishing tackle,(0～50) kW(CPUE=6.9 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1)) for gillnet. Three peaks of variation were shown on CPUE of falling-net, corresponding optimal range was(0～50) kW(CPUE=7.0 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1)). Seasonal variation of CPUE of different fishing types performed as the mean CPUE of seine was the highest in spring, CPUE of otter trawl, pair trawl, falling-net, fishing tackle and pot were highest in summer, CPUE of stow net were highest in autumn, CPUE of gillnet and shrimp trawl were highest in the winter.
Catch Per Unit Effort(CPUE) was commonly used to assess fishery resource abundance.The assessment results can be narrow when using a single special fishing type to assess the whole sea resource density due to complexity and specificity of species. In this study, kg/(kW·d) was used as the standardized unit of CPUE to analyze and compare the catch rates of different fishing types in the South China Sea. Data were collected by the investigations of fishing vessels in 14 major fishing ports of the 3 provinces and autonomous regions of Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan in 2016. Total of 5256 voyages,892,109 kW of the fishing vesseles were sampled and investigated. The results showed that nine fishing types' catching rate(CPUE) were ranked as seine > pair trawl > gillnet > falling-net > stow net > otter trawl > shrimp trawl > pot > fishing tackle. The changing trend of different fishing types' CPUE were different with the power level of main engine. And the number of CPUE peaks and their corresponding optimal range(the highest rate of capture of the power range) were not the same, specific performances:Variation of CPUE of otter trawl and shrimp trawl showed one peak with the trend of rising first and declining later, corresponding optimal ranges of(200～250) kW(CPUE=8.6 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1)) and(150～200) kW(CPUE=5.0 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1)) for otter trawl and shrimp trawl respectively. Two peaks of variation were showed on CPUE of seine, pair trawl trawler, fishing tackle and gillnet, with the trend of first to decline then rise and last decline, corresponding optimal range:(200～250) kW(CPUE=47.7 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1))for seine,(350～400) kW(CPUE=16.8 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1)) for pair trawl,(50～100)(CPUE=2.9 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1)) for fishing tackle,(0～50) kW(CPUE=6.9 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1)) for gillnet. Three peaks of variation were shown on CPUE of falling-net, corresponding optimal range was(0～50) kW(CPUE=7.0 kg?kW~(-1)?d~(-1)). Seasonal variation of CPUE of different fishing types performed as the mean CPUE of seine was the highest in spring, CPUE of otter trawl, pair trawl, falling-net, fishing tackle and pot were highest in summer, CPUE of stow net were highest in autumn, CPUE of gillnet and shrimp trawl were highest in the winter.
引文
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Zheng T,Tang Y.Analysis of current status of Chinese marine fishing fleet of South China Sea area.Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2016,25(4):620-627[郑彤,唐议.我国南海区海洋捕捞渔船现状分析.上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(4):620-627]
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Zhu GP,Wang R.Catch per unit effort of Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)fishery and its suitability to abundance estimation.Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(7):1072-1079[朱国平,王芮.南极磷虾渔业CPUE及其丰度估算适用性.水产学报,2016,40(7):1072-1079]
Zou JW,Huang JX,Wang QZ.Assessment on achievements of summer fishing moratorium in coastal fishing grounds in northern Beibu Gulf,2015.Fishery Information and Strategy,2016a,31(2):132-138[邹建伟,黄俊秀,王强哲.北部湾北部沿岸渔场2015年伏季休渔效果评价.渔业信息与战略,2016a,31(2):132-138]
Zou JW,Wang QZ,Huang JX,et al.Assessment on achievements of summer fishing moratorium in the continental shelf of northern south China Sea,2016.Fisheries Science and Technology Information,2016b,43(6):318-323[邹建伟,王强哲,黄俊秀,等.南海北部大陆架渔场2016年伏季休渔效果评价.水产科技情报,2016b,43(6):318-323]
Fu YY.Studies on food web structure and energy flows of offshore ecosystem,Guangxi.Master′s Thesis of Xiamen University,2012,5-6[付奕奕.广西近海生态系统食物网结构及能量流动研究.厦门大学硕士研究生学位论文,2012,5-6]
Gan XP,Lu HS,Feng B,et al.Application of stratified sampling in fishery production statistics.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2008,36(20):8401-8402[甘喜萍,卢伙胜,冯波,等.分层抽样法应用于渔业生产统计的研究.安徽农业科学,2008,36(20):8401-8402]
Huang JX,Zou JW,Wang QZ,et al.Study on structure of catches of marine fishing of Guangxi in 2016.Chinese Fisheries Economics,2017,35(6):18-22[黄俊秀,邹建伟,王强哲,等.2016年广西海洋捕捞产量结构研究.中国渔业经济,2017,35(6):18-22]
Li Y,Zhang J,Zhang R,et al.Fish diversity in southwestern seas of Nansha Islands and the mouth of Beibu Bay.Biodiversity Science,2016,24(2):166-174[李渊,张静,张然,等.南沙群岛西南部和北部湾口海域鱼类物种多样性.生物多样性,2016,24(2):166-174]
Mo YM,Gong C,Feng B,et al.Estimation of trawler catch in Beibu Gulf by stratified sampling.Modern Fisheries Information,2014,29(3):211-214[莫苑敏,龚超,冯波,等.应用分层抽样技术估计北部湾底拖网渔业产量.渔业信息与战略,2014,29(3):211-214]
Stamatopoulos C.Sample-based fishery surveys.A technical handbook.FAO Fishery Technical Paper,Rome:FAO,2002(425):1-132
Ulman A,Pauly D.Making history count:The shifting baselines of Turkish fisheries.Fisheries Research,2016,183:74-79
Wang XF,Feng B,Lu HS.Catch composition and species diversity of the bottom trawl fishery in the northern South China Sea in 2008.Fishery Modernization,2010,37(1):47-59[王学锋,冯波,卢伙胜.2008年南海北部拖网渔获组成及其多样性分析.渔业现代化,2010,37(1):47-59]
Wang XH,Lin ZJ,Du FY,et al.Fish species composition and community pattern in the continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(7):2225-2235[王雪辉,林昭进,杜飞雁,等.南海西北部陆架区鱼类的种类组成与群落格局.生态学报,2013,33(7):2225-2235]
Wang ZH,Li CH,Jia XP.The fishery production from the north part of the South China Sea using the primary production method.Marine Fisheries Research,2005,26(3):9-15[王增焕,李纯厚,贾晓平.应用初级生产力估算南海北部的渔业资源量.海洋水产研究,2005,26(3):9-15]
Yang QY,Ling XW.Analysis of spring fishing season of the light seine in Shantou-Taiwan bank fishing ground,1993.Jiangxi Fishery Sciences and Technology,1994(1):4-6[杨乾亚,林贤武.汕头--台浅渔场l993年春汛灯光围网渔汛分析.江西水产科技,1994(1):4-6]
Yuan XW,Yan LP,Liu ZL,et al.A performance comparison of stock density estimation of Larimichthys polyactis in the East China Sea using different models based on bottom trawl survey.South China Fisheries Science,2014,10(6):20-26[袁兴伟,严利平,刘尊雷,等.基于底拖网调查的东海区小黄鱼资源密度不同估算方法差异比较.南方水产科学,2014,10(6):20-26]
Zhang J,Chen GB,Chen ZZ,et al.Acoustic estimation of fishery resources in southern continental shelf of Nansha area.South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(5):1-10[张俊,陈国宝,陈作志,等.南沙南部陆架海域渔业资源声学评估.南方水产科学,2015,11(5):1-10]
Zhang L,Li Y,Lin LS,et al.Fishery resources acoustic assessment of major economic species in south-central of the South China Sea.Marine Fisheries,2016,38(6):577-587[张立,李渊,林龙山,等.南海中南部主要经济种类渔业资源声学评估.海洋渔业,2016,38(6):577-587]
Zhang P,Zeng XG,Yang L,et al.Analyses on fishing ground and catch composition of large-scale light falling-net fisheries in South China Sea.South China Fisheries Science,2013,9(3):74-79[张鹏,曾晓光,杨吝,等.南海区大型灯光罩网渔场渔期和渔获组成分析.南方水产科学,2013,9(3):74-79]
Zhang SM,Yang SL,Dai Y,et al.Algorithm of fishing effort extraction in trawling based on Beidou vessel monitoring system data.Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(8):1190-1199[张胜茂,杨胜龙,戴阳,等.北斗船位数据提取拖网捕捞努力量算法研究.水产学报,2014,38(8):1190-1199]
Zheng T,Tang Y.Analysis of current status of Chinese marine fishing fleet of South China Sea area.Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2016,25(4):620-627[郑彤,唐议.我国南海区海洋捕捞渔船现状分析.上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(4):620-627]
Zhou YQ,Chen XJ,Zhang XG.Study on the measurement of fishing capacity in Chinese fisheries.Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2000,9(2):119-124[周应祺,陈新军,张相国.有关捕捞能力量化统计方法的探讨.上海海洋大学学报,2000,9(2):119-124]
Zhu GP,Wang R.Catch per unit effort of Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)fishery and its suitability to abundance estimation.Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(7):1072-1079[朱国平,王芮.南极磷虾渔业CPUE及其丰度估算适用性.水产学报,2016,40(7):1072-1079]
Zou JW,Huang JX,Wang QZ.Assessment on achievements of summer fishing moratorium in coastal fishing grounds in northern Beibu Gulf,2015.Fishery Information and Strategy,2016a,31(2):132-138[邹建伟,黄俊秀,王强哲.北部湾北部沿岸渔场2015年伏季休渔效果评价.渔业信息与战略,2016a,31(2):132-138]
Zou JW,Wang QZ,Huang JX,et al.Assessment on achievements of summer fishing moratorium in the continental shelf of northern south China Sea,2016.Fisheries Science and Technology Information,2016b,43(6):318-323[邹建伟,王强哲,黄俊秀,等.南海北部大陆架渔场2016年伏季休渔效果评价.水产科技情报,2016b,43(6):318-323]