甘蓝型油菜光合特性杂种优势的日变化特征
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摘要
为探明甘蓝型油菜光合特性杂种优势的日变化规律以及和环境因子的相互关系,以甘蓝型油菜杂交种‘秦杂油3号’及其亲本为材料,对油菜不同生育时期光合特性的杂种优势进行研究。结果表明:净光合速率和气孔导度的中亲优势和超亲优势在苗期最弱,薹期最强。在花期,一天当中净光合速率在上午为正向杂种优势,下午为负向杂种优势;气孔导度则上午为负向杂种优势,下午为正向杂种优势;蒸腾速率的中亲优势和超亲优势在花期最弱,薹期最强。水分利用效率的中亲优势和超亲优势在苗期最弱,在花期表现最强,角果期又开始下降。灰色关联度分析表明油菜光合杂种优势的主要环境影响因素是大气CO_2摩尔分数和空气相对湿度。宜在薹期进行高光效品种的选育,可以有效地发挥油菜的光合杂种优势,同时注意在不同时期合理利用水分利用效率进行田间管理。
In order to study the significance of diurnal variation pattern and environmental factors in the heterosis of Brassica napus,the photosynthetic characteristics of hybrid ‘Qinzayou No.3’ was investigated at different development stages.We found that net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were at the lowest level for mid-parent heterosis and transgressive heterosis at the seedling stage but it reached maximum at bolting stage.At blooming stage,the net photosynthetic rate had positive heterosis in the morning but negative heterosis in the afternoon.In contrast,the stomatal conductance had negative heterosis in the morning and positive heterosis in the afternoon.For both midparent heterosis and transgressive heterosis,transpiration rate was the weakest at the blooming stage,the strongest at the bolting stage.Regarding the water use efficiency,both heterosis had the slowest rate at seedling stage,and then increased to the highest at blooming stage,started to decline from the podding stage.The grey correlation analysis demonstrated that the CO_2 molality fraction and relative humidity were key factors influencing the rate of photosynthesis.Based on the above observations,high photosynthetic efficiency breeding of ‘Qinzayou No.3’should be conducted at the bolting stage,the time photosynthesis was at the maximum rate.Meanwhile,water usage should be optimized at each development stage in the field management.
In order to study the significance of diurnal variation pattern and environmental factors in the heterosis of Brassica napus,the photosynthetic characteristics of hybrid ‘Qinzayou No.3’ was investigated at different development stages.We found that net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were at the lowest level for mid-parent heterosis and transgressive heterosis at the seedling stage but it reached maximum at bolting stage.At blooming stage,the net photosynthetic rate had positive heterosis in the morning but negative heterosis in the afternoon.In contrast,the stomatal conductance had negative heterosis in the morning and positive heterosis in the afternoon.For both midparent heterosis and transgressive heterosis,transpiration rate was the weakest at the blooming stage,the strongest at the bolting stage.Regarding the water use efficiency,both heterosis had the slowest rate at seedling stage,and then increased to the highest at blooming stage,started to decline from the podding stage.The grey correlation analysis demonstrated that the CO_2 molality fraction and relative humidity were key factors influencing the rate of photosynthesis.Based on the above observations,high photosynthetic efficiency breeding of ‘Qinzayou No.3’should be conducted at the bolting stage,the time photosynthesis was at the maximum rate.Meanwhile,water usage should be optimized at each development stage in the field management.
引文
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[9]张耀文,赵小光,田建华,等.甘蓝型油菜正反交后代叶片净光合速率和叶绿素含量的比较[J].华北农学报,2015,30(5):135-140.ZHANG Y W,ZHAO X G,TIAN J H,et al.Comparison of net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of Brassica napus between orthogonal and reciprocal combinations[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2015,30(5):135-140(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]焦健,高庆荣,张爱民,等.不同小麦雄性不育类型光合、生理参数日变化的研究[J].作物学报,2007,33(8):1267-1271.JIAO J,GAO Q R,ZHANG A M,et al.Diurnal changes of photosynthetic and physiological parameters in different male sterile lines of wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2007,33(8):1267-1271(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[12]翁晓燕,蒋得安,陆庆,等.影响水稻叶片光合日变化因素的分析[J].中国水稻科学,1998,12(2):105-108.WANG X Y,JIANG D A,LU Q,et al.Major factors of diurnal changes of photosynthetic rate[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,1998,12(2):105-108(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]满为群,杜维广,张桂茹,等.高光效大豆品种光合作用的日变化[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(7):860-862.MAN W Q,DU W G,ZHANG G R,et al.Photosynthetic diurnal variation of soybean cultivars high photosynthetic efficiency[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2002,35(7):860-862(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]赵小光,张耀文,田建华,等.甘蓝型油菜不同发育时期光合日变化和环境因子之间的关系[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(4):1392-1397.ZHAO X G,ZHANG Y W,TIAN J H,et al.Study on daily change of photosynthesis and environment factors in different development stages of Brassica napus[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2013,26(4):1392-1397(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]李霞,丁在松,李连禄,等.玉米光合性能的杂种优势[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(5):1049-1054.LI X,DING Z S,LI L L,et al.Heterosis of photosynthetic performance of maize[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(5):1049-1054(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]戴美松,姜卫兵,庄猛.大棚栽培条件下葡萄叶片净光合速率与其他生理、生态参数的灰色关联分析[J].果树学报,2005,22(5):474-478.DAI M S,JIANG W B,ZHUANG M.Gray relational grade analysis of ecological and other physiological characteristics to leaf net photosynthetic rate of grapevine under plastic greenhouse cultivation[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2005,22(5):474-478(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]王建林,齐华,房全孝,等.水稻、大豆、玉米光合速率的日变化及其对光强响应的滞后效应[J].华北农学报,2007,22(2):119-124.WANG J L,QI H,FANG Q X,et al.Diurnal changes of photosynthesis and its heterosis to light in rice(Oryza sativa L.),soybean(Glycine max L.Merrill)and maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2007,22(2):119-124(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]张耀文,王竹云,李殿荣,等.甘蓝型油菜角果光合日变化特性的研究[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(5):174-180.ZHANG Y W,WANG ZH Y,LI D R,et al.Study on diurnal changes of photosynthetic characteristics in pods of Brassica napus[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2008,17(5):174-180(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]胡会庆,刘安国,王维金.油菜光合速率日变化的初步研究[J].华中农业大学学报,1998,17(5):430-434.HU H Q,LIU A G,WANG W J.Study on daily change and midday depression of photosynthetic rate in rape leaves under field condition[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural,1998,17(5):430-434(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]KU S B,AGARIE S,NOMURA M,et al.High-level expression of maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in transgenic rice plants[J].Natural Biotechnology,1999,17:76-80.
[21]李宏伟,李斌,郑琪,等.小麦高光效育种研究进展[C]//2014全国光合作用研讨会论文集.山东泰安:中国植物学会,2014:26.LI H W,LI B,ZHENG Q,et al.Research progress of high photosynthetic efficiency breeding of wheat[C]//The Symposium of National Photosynthetic Conference in2014.Taian Shandong:Botanical Society of China,2014:26(in Chinese).
[22]周广生,左青松,廖庆喜,等.我国油菜机械化生产现状、存在问题及对策[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(9):2153-2157.ZHOU G SH,ZUO Q S,LIAO Q X,et al.Mechanical production status,existing problems and strategy discussion of rapeseed in China[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2013,52(9):2153-2157(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]汤楚宙,官春云,吴明亮,等.油菜机械化生产中农艺与农机相结合的探索与实践[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,37(6):674-677.TANG CH ZH,GUAN CH Y,WU M L,et al.Exploration and application of the integration of agronomy and mechanization in rapeseed production[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences Endition),2011,37(6):674-677(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]张斌斌,姜卫兵,韩健,等.作物光合特性在杂种优势评价中的应用研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(8):44-48.ZHANG B B,JIANG W B,HAN J,et al.Research progress in application of photosynthetic characters of crops in evaluation of heterosis[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2009,21(8):44-48(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]HIRAO K,KUBOTA F,AGATA W.Evaluation of the heterosis on leaf photosynthesis of remote-cross F1rice(Oryza saliva L.)[J].Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science,1995,175(4):265-270.
[4]PHAM C V,MURAYAMA S,KAWAMITSU Y,et al.Heterosis for photosynthetic and morphological characters in F1hybrid rice from a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line at different growth stages[J].Japanese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2004,48(3):137-148.
[5]董德坤,师恺,曹家树.芸薹属两个亚种间杂种光合作用优势及其机理[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(12):2804-2810.DONG D K,SHI K,CAO J SH.The photosynthetic heterosis and its mechanisms of an inter-subspecific hybrid between Brassica campestris spp.chinensis and B.campestris spp.rapifera[J].Scientia Agriculturae Sinica,2007,40(12):2804-2810(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]梅德圣,李云昌.中国油菜高产育种研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2003,42(4):35-39.MEI D SH,LI Y CH.Research progress on high yield breeding of rape in China[J].Hubei Agricultural Science,2003,42(4):35-39(in Chinese).
[7]王学芳,张耀文,田建华,等.油菜高光效育种研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(27):114-120.WANG X F,ZHANG Y W,TIAN J H,et al.Research progress of high photosynthetic efficiency breeding of Brassica napus[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(27):114-120(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]张耀文,赵小光,田建华,等.甘蓝型油菜两类同核异质雄性不育系光合特性的比较[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(12):53-62.ZHANG Y W,ZHAO X G,TIAN J H,et al.Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics between two types of isonuclear alloplasmic male sterility lines of Brassica napus L.[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University:Natural Science Edition,2014,42(12):53-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]张耀文,赵小光,田建华,等.甘蓝型油菜正反交后代叶片净光合速率和叶绿素含量的比较[J].华北农学报,2015,30(5):135-140.ZHANG Y W,ZHAO X G,TIAN J H,et al.Comparison of net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of Brassica napus between orthogonal and reciprocal combinations[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2015,30(5):135-140(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]焦健,高庆荣,张爱民,等.不同小麦雄性不育类型光合、生理参数日变化的研究[J].作物学报,2007,33(8):1267-1271.JIAO J,GAO Q R,ZHANG A M,et al.Diurnal changes of photosynthetic and physiological parameters in different male sterile lines of wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2007,33(8):1267-1271(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]廖建雄,王根轩.谷子叶片光合速率日变化及水分利用效率[J].植物生理学报,1999,25(4):362-368.LIAO J X,WANG G X.The diurnal variations of photosynthetic rate and eater use efficiency in Setaria italica leaves[J].Acta Phytophysiol Sinica,1999,25(4):362-368(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]翁晓燕,蒋得安,陆庆,等.影响水稻叶片光合日变化因素的分析[J].中国水稻科学,1998,12(2):105-108.WANG X Y,JIANG D A,LU Q,et al.Major factors of diurnal changes of photosynthetic rate[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,1998,12(2):105-108(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]满为群,杜维广,张桂茹,等.高光效大豆品种光合作用的日变化[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(7):860-862.MAN W Q,DU W G,ZHANG G R,et al.Photosynthetic diurnal variation of soybean cultivars high photosynthetic efficiency[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2002,35(7):860-862(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]赵小光,张耀文,田建华,等.甘蓝型油菜不同发育时期光合日变化和环境因子之间的关系[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(4):1392-1397.ZHAO X G,ZHANG Y W,TIAN J H,et al.Study on daily change of photosynthesis and environment factors in different development stages of Brassica napus[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2013,26(4):1392-1397(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]李霞,丁在松,李连禄,等.玉米光合性能的杂种优势[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(5):1049-1054.LI X,DING Z S,LI L L,et al.Heterosis of photosynthetic performance of maize[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(5):1049-1054(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]戴美松,姜卫兵,庄猛.大棚栽培条件下葡萄叶片净光合速率与其他生理、生态参数的灰色关联分析[J].果树学报,2005,22(5):474-478.DAI M S,JIANG W B,ZHUANG M.Gray relational grade analysis of ecological and other physiological characteristics to leaf net photosynthetic rate of grapevine under plastic greenhouse cultivation[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2005,22(5):474-478(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]王建林,齐华,房全孝,等.水稻、大豆、玉米光合速率的日变化及其对光强响应的滞后效应[J].华北农学报,2007,22(2):119-124.WANG J L,QI H,FANG Q X,et al.Diurnal changes of photosynthesis and its heterosis to light in rice(Oryza sativa L.),soybean(Glycine max L.Merrill)and maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2007,22(2):119-124(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]张耀文,王竹云,李殿荣,等.甘蓝型油菜角果光合日变化特性的研究[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(5):174-180.ZHANG Y W,WANG ZH Y,LI D R,et al.Study on diurnal changes of photosynthetic characteristics in pods of Brassica napus[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2008,17(5):174-180(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]胡会庆,刘安国,王维金.油菜光合速率日变化的初步研究[J].华中农业大学学报,1998,17(5):430-434.HU H Q,LIU A G,WANG W J.Study on daily change and midday depression of photosynthetic rate in rape leaves under field condition[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural,1998,17(5):430-434(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]KU S B,AGARIE S,NOMURA M,et al.High-level expression of maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in transgenic rice plants[J].Natural Biotechnology,1999,17:76-80.
[21]李宏伟,李斌,郑琪,等.小麦高光效育种研究进展[C]//2014全国光合作用研讨会论文集.山东泰安:中国植物学会,2014:26.LI H W,LI B,ZHENG Q,et al.Research progress of high photosynthetic efficiency breeding of wheat[C]//The Symposium of National Photosynthetic Conference in2014.Taian Shandong:Botanical Society of China,2014:26(in Chinese).
[22]周广生,左青松,廖庆喜,等.我国油菜机械化生产现状、存在问题及对策[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(9):2153-2157.ZHOU G SH,ZUO Q S,LIAO Q X,et al.Mechanical production status,existing problems and strategy discussion of rapeseed in China[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2013,52(9):2153-2157(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]汤楚宙,官春云,吴明亮,等.油菜机械化生产中农艺与农机相结合的探索与实践[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,37(6):674-677.TANG CH ZH,GUAN CH Y,WU M L,et al.Exploration and application of the integration of agronomy and mechanization in rapeseed production[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences Endition),2011,37(6):674-677(in Chinese with English abstract).