有机无机肥配施对烤烟品种云烟105产质量的影响
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摘要
通过对腐熟菜籽饼肥与复合肥不同比例混施研究,分析了对照和3个不同比例有机无机肥混施与植烟土壤综合肥力,烤烟农艺性状、主要病害、烟叶品质以及经济效益之间的关系。结果表明,在总施用纯氮量为90 kg/hm~2的条件下,采用30%腐熟菜籽饼有机肥(540 kg/hm~2)等氮替代烟草复合肥对植烟土壤综合肥力的改善效果最佳,综合肥力指标值(IFI)较对照提升21.05%。与对照相比,20%腐熟菜籽饼有机肥(360 kg/hm~2)等氮替代烟草复合肥处理能使烤烟生育期缩短6 d,显著提高中部烟叶单叶面积(P<0.05),能显著减少烤烟黑胫病、根黑腐病和根结线虫病的发病率(P<0.05),并使烟叶综合品质平均提升8.56%。该肥料配比处理的烤后烟叶中上等烟比例、均价和产值较对照分别提高5.23%、8.57%和5.38%,经济效益明显。
In order to determine the optimal proportion of rapeseed cake fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, the author conducted a field experiment to investigate the relationships among the control, 3 proportions of rapeseed cake fertilizer application, inorganic fertilizer application, and integrated soil fertility, agronomic characteristics, main diseases, comprehensive quality and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the mixed fertilization of 30% rapeseed cake organic fertilizer(540 kg/hm~2) under the total amount of pure nitrogen(90 kg/hm~2) was optimal for the Integrated Fertility Index(IFI), which was increased by 21.05% as compared with the control. However, in contrast to the control, the growth period of Yunyan 105 was shorten by 6 days with 20% rapeseed cake fertilizer(360 kg/hm~2) and 70% inorganic fertilizer, and the middle tobacco leaf area was significantly increased(P<0.05). The treatment could significantly reduce the morbidity of black shank, black root rot and root-knot nematode of tobacco(P<0.05). The comprehensive quality of tobacco was improved by 8.56% on average, and the proportion of middle and superior tobacco leaves, average price and output value were increased by 5.23%, 8.57% and 5.38%, respectively.
In order to determine the optimal proportion of rapeseed cake fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, the author conducted a field experiment to investigate the relationships among the control, 3 proportions of rapeseed cake fertilizer application, inorganic fertilizer application, and integrated soil fertility, agronomic characteristics, main diseases, comprehensive quality and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the mixed fertilization of 30% rapeseed cake organic fertilizer(540 kg/hm~2) under the total amount of pure nitrogen(90 kg/hm~2) was optimal for the Integrated Fertility Index(IFI), which was increased by 21.05% as compared with the control. However, in contrast to the control, the growth period of Yunyan 105 was shorten by 6 days with 20% rapeseed cake fertilizer(360 kg/hm~2) and 70% inorganic fertilizer, and the middle tobacco leaf area was significantly increased(P<0.05). The treatment could significantly reduce the morbidity of black shank, black root rot and root-knot nematode of tobacco(P<0.05). The comprehensive quality of tobacco was improved by 8.56% on average, and the proportion of middle and superior tobacco leaves, average price and output value were increased by 5.23%, 8.57% and 5.38%, respectively.
引文
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[18] 马坤,刘素参,杨辉,等.不同有机肥对有机生态烟叶生长及品质的影响[J].贵州农业科学,201l,39(7):75-80.
[19] 杨云高,王树林,刘国,等.生物有机肥对烤烟产质量及土壤改良的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(4):70-74.
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[23] 刘宇.有机-无机配比量对烟草生长发育及产质量影响的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2008.
[2] 周冀衡,朱晓平,王彦亭,等.烟草生理与生物化学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1996:217-221.
[3] 李洪勋,唐远驹,莫建国,等.影响黔西南州优质烤烟生产的气候资源浅析[J].耕作与栽培,2006(5):58-59.
[4] 单武雄,罗文,肖润林,等.连续5年施菜籽饼肥和稻草覆盖对茶园土壤生态系统的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):472-476.
[5] 潘义宏,顾毓敏,王瑞宝,等.不同有机肥配施对植烟土壤肥力及云烟105综合品质的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2018,52(2):179-186.
[6] 郑华,石俊雄,樊立辉,等.菜籽饼与化肥配施对烤烟根际微生物的影响[J].中国烟草科学2009,30(6):46-48,52.
[7] 骆伯胜,钟继洪,陈俊坚.土壤肥力数值化综合评价研究[J].土壤,2004,36(1):104-106,111.
[8] 李卫,周冀衡,张一扬,等.云南曲靖烟区土壤肥力状况综合评价[J].中国烟草学报,2010,16(2):61-65.
[9] 马强,宇万太,赵少华,等.黑土农田土壤肥力质量综合评价[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(10):1916-1920.
[10] 吕晓男,陆允甫,王人潮.土壤肥力综合评价初步研究[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,1999,25(4):378-382.
[11] 蔡宪杰,王信民,尹启生.烤烟外观质量指标量化分析初探[J].烟草科技,2004,(6):37-39.
[12] 潘义宏,卿波,徐国付,等.不同调制技术参数对烤烟品质及效益的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(9):146-152.
[13] 王彦亭,谢剑平,李志宏.中国烟草种植区划[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:3-20.
[14] 武雪萍,钟秀明,秦艳青,等.不同种类饼肥与化肥配施对烟叶香气质量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(6):1196-1201.
[15] 刘泳乐,刘建丰.菜籽饼肥对邵阳烟叶品质及经济效益分析[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(4):215-219.
[16] 李姣,刘国顺,高琴,等.不同生物有机肥与烟草专用复合肥配施对烤烟根际土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2013,47(2):132-137.
[17] 罗世琼,杨雪鸥,林俊青.施肥对烤烟土壤微生物群落结构多样性及蔗糖酶活性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(7):124-128.
[18] 马坤,刘素参,杨辉,等.不同有机肥对有机生态烟叶生长及品质的影响[J].贵州农业科学,201l,39(7):75-80.
[19] 杨云高,王树林,刘国,等.生物有机肥对烤烟产质量及土壤改良的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(4):70-74.
[20] 吴建峰,林业贵.土壤微生物在促进植物生长方面的作用[J].土壤,2001(1):18-21.
[21] 谢莉.有机肥对植烟土壤微生物活性及烤烟产量品质的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2010.
[22] 付利波,苏帆,陈华,等.菜籽饼肥不同用量对烤烟产量及质量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(6):77-80.
[23] 刘宇.有机-无机配比量对烟草生长发育及产质量影响的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2008.