动物体内极长链多不饱和脂肪酸代谢及其生理功能
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摘要
极长链多不饱和脂肪酸(VLC-PUFA)在动物生命活动中起着重要的生理作用,但动物自身不能合成,必须通过饲粮中脂肪酸供给或由供给的脂肪酸作为前体转化合成。在动物体内,脂肪酸(尤其VLC-PUFA)的代谢与生物合成是一个复杂的过程。本文从VLC-PUFA在动物体内消化与转运、代谢与生物合成等方面进行综述,同时也阐述了VLC-PUFA在动物及人体内的生理功能。
Very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(VLC-PUFA) play a vital physiological role in life activities of animals. However, VLC-PUFA cannot be synthesized itself in animals, obtained only by dietary fatty acids supplied in diets or transformation of fatty acids in diets as precursors. In animals, the metabolism and biosynthesis of fatty acids(especially VLC-PUFA) is a complex process. Therefore, the digestion and transport, metabolism and biosynthesis of VLC-PUFA are reviewed in this paper. Meanwhile, the physiological roles are illustrated in animals and human.
Very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(VLC-PUFA) play a vital physiological role in life activities of animals. However, VLC-PUFA cannot be synthesized itself in animals, obtained only by dietary fatty acids supplied in diets or transformation of fatty acids in diets as precursors. In animals, the metabolism and biosynthesis of fatty acids(especially VLC-PUFA) is a complex process. Therefore, the digestion and transport, metabolism and biosynthesis of VLC-PUFA are reviewed in this paper. Meanwhile, the physiological roles are illustrated in animals and human.
引文
[1]陈殊贤,郑晓辉.微藻油和鱼油中DHA的特性及应用研究进展[J].食品科学,2013(21):439-444.
[2]Lorente-Cebrián S,Costa A G V,Navas-Carretero S,et al.Role of omega-3 fatty acids in obesity,metabolic syndrome,and cardiovascular diseases:a review of the evidence[J].J Physiol Biochem,2013,69(3):633-651.
[3]刘则学.亚麻籽中多不饱和脂肪酸在猪不同组织中的富集规律及对猪胴体品质的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006:11-14.
[4]胡晓君,张正斌,刘文,等.植物表皮蜡质及极长链脂肪酸类物质的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(12):5176-5178.
[5]Dutta-Roy A K.Fatty acid transport and metabolism in the fetoplacental unit and the role of fatty acid-binding proteins[J].JNutr Biochem,1997,8(10):548-557.
[6]陈伟,林映才,张罕星,等.家禽脂肪酸代谢及其在禽蛋中的沉积和营养调控[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(2):204-211.
[7]O’Donnell V B,Maskrey B,Taylor G W.Eicosanoids:generation and detection in mammalian cells[J].Methods Mol Biol,2009,462:5-23.
[8]Larsson S C,Kumlin M,Ingelman-Sundberg M,et al.Dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids for the prevention of cancer:a review of potential mechanisms[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2004,79(6):935-945.
[9]金艳梅.前列腺素对禽类等级卵泡发育的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010(4):138-142.
[10]曾玉蓉,谢青,邓海波,等.白三烯与生物机体衰老[J].南昌大学学报:医学版,2015,55(1):80-83.
[11]Kapoor R,Huang Y.Gamma linolenic acid:an anti-inflammatory omega-6 fatty acid[J].Curr Pharm Biotechnol,2006,7(6):531-534.
[12]Serhan C N,Chiang N,Van Dyke T E.Resolving inflammation:dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators[J].Nat Rev Immunol,2008,8(5):349-361.
[13]王庆玲,靳国锋,刘纯友,等.禽蛋中多不饱和脂肪酸研究进展[J].中国家禽,2013,35(21):44-48.
[14]温雪馨,李建平,侯文伟,等.微藻DHA的营养保健功能及在食品工业中的应用[J].食品科学,2010(21):446-450.
[15]Yu M,Benham A,Logan S,et al.ELOVL4 protein preferentially elongates 20:5 n3 to very long chain PUFAs over 20:4 n6 and22:6 n3[J].J Lipid Res,2012,53(3):494-504.
[16]孙晓艳,林艳丽,熊福银,等.二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的生物合成途径研究进展[J].生物技术通讯,2012,23(5):755-758.
[17]Leonard A E,Kelder B,Bobik E G,et al.Identification and expression of mammalian long-chain PUFA elongation enzymes[J].Lipids,2002,37(8):733-740.
[18]Hong S,Gronert K,Devchand P R,et al.Novel docosatrienes and 17S-resolvins generated from docosahexaenoic acid in murine brain,human blood,and glial cells autacoids in antiinflammation[J].J Biol Chem,2003,278(17):14677-14687.
[19]Ariel A,Li P,Wang W,et al.The docosatriene protectin D1is produced by TH2 skewing and promotes human T cell apoptosis via lipid raft clustering[J].J Biol Chem,2005,280(52):43079-43086.
[20]Ayala S,Gaspar G,Brenner R R,et al.Fate of linoleic,arachidonic,and docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic acids in rat testicles[J].J Lipid Res,1973,14(3):296-305.
[21]Sppercher H.Metabolism of highly unsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acids[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2000,1486(2):219-231.
[22]Burdge G C,Calder P C.Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human adults[J].Reprod Nutr Dev,2005,45(5):581-597.
[23]吴永保,杨凌云,闫海洁,等.饲粮中添加微藻和亚麻籽提高鸡蛋黄中ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量对比研究[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(10):3188-3197.
[24]Agbaga M,Mandal M N A,Anderson R E.Retinal very long-chain PUFAs:new insights from studies on ELOVL4protein[J].J Lipid Res,2010,51(7):1624-1642.
[25]Poulos A.Very long chain fatty acids in higher animals-a review[J].Lipids,1995,30(1):1-14.
[26]Furland N E,Zanetti S R,Oresti G M,et al.Ceramides and sphingomyelins with high proportions of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in mammalian germ cells[J].J Biol Chem,2007,282(25):18141-18150.
[27]Poulos A,Sharp P,Johnson D,et al.The occurrence of polyenoic fatty acids with greater than 22 carbon atoms in mammalian spermatozoa[J].Biochem J,1986,240(3):891-895.
[28]Martinez Soto J C,Landeras J,Gadea J.Spermatozoa and seminal plasma fatty acids as predictors of cryopreservation success[J].Andrology,2013,1(3):365-375.
[29]Rotstein N P,Aveldano M I.Synthesis of very long chain(up to36 carbon)tetra,penta and hexaenoic fatty acids in retina[J].Biochem J,1988,249(1):191-200.
[30]Agbaga M,Brush R S,Mandal M N A,et al.Role of Stargardt-3macular dystrophy protein(ELOVL4)in the biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acids[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci,2008,105(35):12843-12848.
[31]Zadravec D,Tvrdik P,Guillou H,et al.ELOVL2 controls the level of n-6 28:5 and 30:5 fatty acids in testis,a prerequisite for male fertility and sperm maturation in mice[J].J Lipid Res,2011,52(2):245-255.
[32]余曼,林伟,陈波,等.ELOVL4基因过表达对n3和n6超长链多不饱和脂肪酸生物合成效率的影响[J].国际眼科杂志,2014(8):1386-1390.
[33]Suh M,Wierzbicki A A,Lien E L,et al.Dietary 20:4 n-6 and22:6 n-3 modulates the profile of long-and very-long-chain fatty acids,rhodopsin content,and kinetics in developing photoreceptor cells[J].Pediatr Res,2000,48(4):524-530.
[34]Kihara A.Very long-chain fatty acids:elongation,physiology and related disorders[J].J Biochem,2012,152(5):387-395.
[35]Van Veldhoven P P.Biochemistry and genetics of inherited disorders of peroxisomal fatty acid metabolism[J].J Lipid Res,2010,51(10):2863-2895.
[36]Furland N E,Zanetti S R,Oresti G M,et al.Ceramides and sphingomyelins with high proportions of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in mammalian germ cells[J].J Biol Chem,2007,282(25):18141-18150.
[37]陆勤康,吴佩蓓,赵娜,等.3型Stargardt病及其致病基因ELOVL4的研究进展[J].中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2015(6):441-444.
[38]Kuny S,Filion M,Suh M,et al.Long-Term retinal cone survival and delayed alteration of the cone mosaic in a transgenic mouse model of Stargardt-like dystrophy(STGD3)cone degeneration in STGD3 mouse[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2014,55(1):424-439.
[2]Lorente-Cebrián S,Costa A G V,Navas-Carretero S,et al.Role of omega-3 fatty acids in obesity,metabolic syndrome,and cardiovascular diseases:a review of the evidence[J].J Physiol Biochem,2013,69(3):633-651.
[3]刘则学.亚麻籽中多不饱和脂肪酸在猪不同组织中的富集规律及对猪胴体品质的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006:11-14.
[4]胡晓君,张正斌,刘文,等.植物表皮蜡质及极长链脂肪酸类物质的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(12):5176-5178.
[5]Dutta-Roy A K.Fatty acid transport and metabolism in the fetoplacental unit and the role of fatty acid-binding proteins[J].JNutr Biochem,1997,8(10):548-557.
[6]陈伟,林映才,张罕星,等.家禽脂肪酸代谢及其在禽蛋中的沉积和营养调控[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(2):204-211.
[7]O’Donnell V B,Maskrey B,Taylor G W.Eicosanoids:generation and detection in mammalian cells[J].Methods Mol Biol,2009,462:5-23.
[8]Larsson S C,Kumlin M,Ingelman-Sundberg M,et al.Dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids for the prevention of cancer:a review of potential mechanisms[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2004,79(6):935-945.
[9]金艳梅.前列腺素对禽类等级卵泡发育的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010(4):138-142.
[10]曾玉蓉,谢青,邓海波,等.白三烯与生物机体衰老[J].南昌大学学报:医学版,2015,55(1):80-83.
[11]Kapoor R,Huang Y.Gamma linolenic acid:an anti-inflammatory omega-6 fatty acid[J].Curr Pharm Biotechnol,2006,7(6):531-534.
[12]Serhan C N,Chiang N,Van Dyke T E.Resolving inflammation:dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators[J].Nat Rev Immunol,2008,8(5):349-361.
[13]王庆玲,靳国锋,刘纯友,等.禽蛋中多不饱和脂肪酸研究进展[J].中国家禽,2013,35(21):44-48.
[14]温雪馨,李建平,侯文伟,等.微藻DHA的营养保健功能及在食品工业中的应用[J].食品科学,2010(21):446-450.
[15]Yu M,Benham A,Logan S,et al.ELOVL4 protein preferentially elongates 20:5 n3 to very long chain PUFAs over 20:4 n6 and22:6 n3[J].J Lipid Res,2012,53(3):494-504.
[16]孙晓艳,林艳丽,熊福银,等.二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的生物合成途径研究进展[J].生物技术通讯,2012,23(5):755-758.
[17]Leonard A E,Kelder B,Bobik E G,et al.Identification and expression of mammalian long-chain PUFA elongation enzymes[J].Lipids,2002,37(8):733-740.
[18]Hong S,Gronert K,Devchand P R,et al.Novel docosatrienes and 17S-resolvins generated from docosahexaenoic acid in murine brain,human blood,and glial cells autacoids in antiinflammation[J].J Biol Chem,2003,278(17):14677-14687.
[19]Ariel A,Li P,Wang W,et al.The docosatriene protectin D1is produced by TH2 skewing and promotes human T cell apoptosis via lipid raft clustering[J].J Biol Chem,2005,280(52):43079-43086.
[20]Ayala S,Gaspar G,Brenner R R,et al.Fate of linoleic,arachidonic,and docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic acids in rat testicles[J].J Lipid Res,1973,14(3):296-305.
[21]Sppercher H.Metabolism of highly unsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acids[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2000,1486(2):219-231.
[22]Burdge G C,Calder P C.Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human adults[J].Reprod Nutr Dev,2005,45(5):581-597.
[23]吴永保,杨凌云,闫海洁,等.饲粮中添加微藻和亚麻籽提高鸡蛋黄中ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量对比研究[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(10):3188-3197.
[24]Agbaga M,Mandal M N A,Anderson R E.Retinal very long-chain PUFAs:new insights from studies on ELOVL4protein[J].J Lipid Res,2010,51(7):1624-1642.
[25]Poulos A.Very long chain fatty acids in higher animals-a review[J].Lipids,1995,30(1):1-14.
[26]Furland N E,Zanetti S R,Oresti G M,et al.Ceramides and sphingomyelins with high proportions of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in mammalian germ cells[J].J Biol Chem,2007,282(25):18141-18150.
[27]Poulos A,Sharp P,Johnson D,et al.The occurrence of polyenoic fatty acids with greater than 22 carbon atoms in mammalian spermatozoa[J].Biochem J,1986,240(3):891-895.
[28]Martinez Soto J C,Landeras J,Gadea J.Spermatozoa and seminal plasma fatty acids as predictors of cryopreservation success[J].Andrology,2013,1(3):365-375.
[29]Rotstein N P,Aveldano M I.Synthesis of very long chain(up to36 carbon)tetra,penta and hexaenoic fatty acids in retina[J].Biochem J,1988,249(1):191-200.
[30]Agbaga M,Brush R S,Mandal M N A,et al.Role of Stargardt-3macular dystrophy protein(ELOVL4)in the biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acids[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci,2008,105(35):12843-12848.
[31]Zadravec D,Tvrdik P,Guillou H,et al.ELOVL2 controls the level of n-6 28:5 and 30:5 fatty acids in testis,a prerequisite for male fertility and sperm maturation in mice[J].J Lipid Res,2011,52(2):245-255.
[32]余曼,林伟,陈波,等.ELOVL4基因过表达对n3和n6超长链多不饱和脂肪酸生物合成效率的影响[J].国际眼科杂志,2014(8):1386-1390.
[33]Suh M,Wierzbicki A A,Lien E L,et al.Dietary 20:4 n-6 and22:6 n-3 modulates the profile of long-and very-long-chain fatty acids,rhodopsin content,and kinetics in developing photoreceptor cells[J].Pediatr Res,2000,48(4):524-530.
[34]Kihara A.Very long-chain fatty acids:elongation,physiology and related disorders[J].J Biochem,2012,152(5):387-395.
[35]Van Veldhoven P P.Biochemistry and genetics of inherited disorders of peroxisomal fatty acid metabolism[J].J Lipid Res,2010,51(10):2863-2895.
[36]Furland N E,Zanetti S R,Oresti G M,et al.Ceramides and sphingomyelins with high proportions of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in mammalian germ cells[J].J Biol Chem,2007,282(25):18141-18150.
[37]陆勤康,吴佩蓓,赵娜,等.3型Stargardt病及其致病基因ELOVL4的研究进展[J].中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2015(6):441-444.
[38]Kuny S,Filion M,Suh M,et al.Long-Term retinal cone survival and delayed alteration of the cone mosaic in a transgenic mouse model of Stargardt-like dystrophy(STGD3)cone degeneration in STGD3 mouse[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2014,55(1):424-439.