各向异性片岩的微观组构信息定量提取与断面形貌特征分析
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摘要
取3类具有明显片理面的武当群片岩,采用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜研究其微观组构、断面形貌特征。构建了面积百分比、尺寸与周长-面积分形维数、定向分布系数等指标,利用IPP专业图像处理软件,对矿物和孔隙(微裂隙)两系统的含量、形态、分布特征等进行定量分析;并基于Matlab的数字图像处理技术,对断裂面粗糙度展开定量评价。偏光显微镜下显示,片岩具有矿物定向排列与粒、片状矿物近互层状分布的典型特征。矿物系统的微观定量分析结果表明:武当群片岩白云母的含量为11%～30%;小岛法计算的白云母矿物周长-面积分形维数为1.31～1.39;定向分布系数为0.61～0.85;微裂隙依附于白云母矿物边缘孕育、扩展,导致武当群片岩的孔隙(微裂隙)微观指标与对应的矿物微观指标有较强的相关性。沿片理面的片岩断面主要呈现沿晶破坏特征,断口较平坦,基于断面形貌图绘制的灰度信号波曲线的盒维数为1.48～1.60;斜交片理面破裂的片岩断面以穿晶破坏为主,有穿晶-沿晶破坏交替而生的迹象,断口粗糙起伏,对应的灰度信号波曲线的盒维数为1.65～1.69。武当群片岩的断面粗糙度各向异性约为1.03～1.14。
The microstructure and section characteristics of three kinds of Wudang group schist with obvious foliation were studied by polarizing microscope and scanning electron microscope. Multiple indicators including area percentage, size and perimeter area fractal dimension and directional distribution coefficient were proposed to quantitatively analyze the content, morphology and distribution characteristics of mineral system and pore(micro fissure) system by professional image processing software. The roughness of fracture surface was quantitatively evaluated based on the digital image processing technology of MATLAB. Polarizing microscope shows that the schist has typical characteristics of mineral orientated alignment and intergranular distribution of granular and lamellar minerals. The microscopic quantitative analysis of the mineral system shows that the content of the muscovite of Wudang group schist is 11%～30%. The perimeter-area fractal dimension of muscovite calculated by island method is 1.31～1.39. The directional distribution coefficient is 0.61 to 0.85. Since micro fissure is attached to the edge of muscovite, there is a strong correlation between microscopic indicators of micro fissure and those of mineral. The section of the schist along foliation mainly presents the characteristics of intergranular failure, so the fracture surface is relatively flat. The box dimension of the grayscale signal wave curve based on the profile map is 1.48～1.60. In contrast, the fractured schist section is mainly transgranular failure, with the signs of alternate transgranular and intergranular failure, which lead to rough fracture surface. The box dimension of the signal wave curve is 1.65 to 1.69. The roughness anisotropy of the fractured schist section is about 1.03 to 1.14.
The microstructure and section characteristics of three kinds of Wudang group schist with obvious foliation were studied by polarizing microscope and scanning electron microscope. Multiple indicators including area percentage, size and perimeter area fractal dimension and directional distribution coefficient were proposed to quantitatively analyze the content, morphology and distribution characteristics of mineral system and pore(micro fissure) system by professional image processing software. The roughness of fracture surface was quantitatively evaluated based on the digital image processing technology of MATLAB. Polarizing microscope shows that the schist has typical characteristics of mineral orientated alignment and intergranular distribution of granular and lamellar minerals. The microscopic quantitative analysis of the mineral system shows that the content of the muscovite of Wudang group schist is 11%～30%. The perimeter-area fractal dimension of muscovite calculated by island method is 1.31～1.39. The directional distribution coefficient is 0.61 to 0.85. Since micro fissure is attached to the edge of muscovite, there is a strong correlation between microscopic indicators of micro fissure and those of mineral. The section of the schist along foliation mainly presents the characteristics of intergranular failure, so the fracture surface is relatively flat. The box dimension of the grayscale signal wave curve based on the profile map is 1.48～1.60. In contrast, the fractured schist section is mainly transgranular failure, with the signs of alternate transgranular and intergranular failure, which lead to rough fracture surface. The box dimension of the signal wave curve is 1.65 to 1.69. The roughness anisotropy of the fractured schist section is about 1.03 to 1.14.
引文
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[16]张春生,刘宁,褚卫江,等.石英云母片岩各向异性特征多尺度精细化描述[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(3):573-582.ZHANG Chun-sheng,LIU Ning,CHU Wei-jiang,et al.Multi-scale fine description on the anisotropic characteristics of quartz-mica schist[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(3):573-582.
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[20]王宝军,施斌,刘志彬,等.基于GIS的黏性土微观结构的分形研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(2):244-247.WANG Bao-jun,SHI Bin,LIU Zhi-bin,et al.Fractal study on microstructure of clayey soil by GIS[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(2):244-248.
[21]朱华,姬翠翠.分形理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.ZHU Hua,JI Cui-cui.Fractal theory and its application[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011.
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[23]张学民.岩石材料各向异性特征及其对隧道围岩稳定性影响研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2007.ZHANG Xue-min.Anisotropic characteristics of rock material and its influence on stability of tunnel surrounding rock[D].Changsha:Central South University,2007.
[24]邹俊鹏,陈卫忠,杨典森,等.基于SEM的珲春低阶煤微观结构特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(9):1805-1814.ZOU Jun-peng,CHEN Wei-zhong,YANG Dian-sen,et al.Microstructural characteristics of low-rank coal from Hunchun based on SEM[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(9):1805-1814.
[25]李业学,谢和平,刘建峰.RGB图像分形维数计算方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊1):2779-2784.LI Ye-xue,XIE He-ping,LIU Jian-feng.Study on computing method of fractal dimension of RGB image[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Suppl.1):2779-2784.
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[2]王章琼,晏鄂川,刘毅学,等.武当群片岩变形参数各向异性特征及机制研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(5):1317-1322.WANG Zhang-qiong,YAN E-chuan,LIU Yi-xue,et al.Anisotropic properties of deformation parameters and its mechanism of Wudang group schist[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(5):1317-1322.
[3]王章琼,晏鄂川,黄祥嘉,等.鄂西北片岩变形参数各向异性及水敏性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(S02):3967-3972.WANG Zhang-qiong,YAN E-chuan,HUANG Xiang-jia,et al.Anisotropic and water sensitivity properties study of schist deformation parameters in northwest of Hubei province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S02):3967-3972.
[4]尹晓萌,晏鄂川,崔学杰,等.片岩强度各向异性特征及破坏模式分析[J].工程地质学报,2017,25(4):943-952.YIN Xiao-meng,YAN E-chuan,CUI Xue-jie,et al.Characteristic of strength anisotropy and failure modes of schist[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2017,25(4):943-952.
[5]陈文玲,赵发锁,弓虎军.基于微观试验的云母石英片岩三轴蠕变机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增刊2):3578-3584.CHEN Wen-ling,ZHAO Fa-suo,GONG Hu-jun.Study of triaxial creep mechanism of mica-quartz schist based on microscopic test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Suppl.2):3578-3584.
[6]VANORIO T,MUKERJI T,MAVKO G.Emerging methodologies to characterize the rock physics properties of organic-rich shales[J].Leading Edge,2008,27(6):780-787.
[7]KUILA U,DEWHURST D N,SIGGINS A F,et al.Stress anisotropy and velocity anisotropy in low porosity shale[J].Tectonophysics,2011,503(1-2):34-44.
[8]陈天宇,冯夏庭,张希巍,等.黑色页岩力学特性及各向异性特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(9):1772-1779.CHEN Tian-yu,FENG Xia-ting,ZHANG Xi-wei,et al.Experimental study on mechanical and anisotropic properties of black shale[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(9):1772-1779.
[9]陈天宇,冯夏庭,杨成祥,等.含气页岩渗透率的围压敏感性和各向异性研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(4):639-643.CHEN Tian-yu,Feng Xia-ting,YANG Cheng-xiang,et al.Research on confining pressure sensitivity and anisotropy for gas shale permeability[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(4):639-643.
[10]王家兴,石豫川,段伟锋,等.基于微观试验的片岩力学特性研究[J].现代隧道技术,2014,51(3):73-78.WANG Jia-xing,SHI Yu-chuan,DUAN Wei-feng,et al.A study of the mechanical property of schist based on microscopic tests[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2014,51(3):73-78.
[11]邓继新,王欢,周浩,等.龙马溪组页岩微观结构、地震岩石物理特征与建模[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(6):2123-2136.DENG Ji-xin,WANG Huan,ZHOU Hao,et al.Microtexture,seismic rock physical and modeling of Longmaxi formation shale[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(6):2123-2136.
[12]侯振坤,杨春和,郭印同,等.单轴压缩下龙马溪组页岩各向异性特征研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(9):2541-2550.HOU Zhen-kun,YANG Chun-he,GUO Yin-tong,et al.Experimental study on anisotropic properties of Longmaxi formation shale under uniaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(9):2541-2550.
[13]郑达,巨能攀.千枚岩岩石微观破裂机理与断裂特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(3):317-322.ZHENG Da,JU Neng-pan.Scanning electronic microscope tests for rock micro-rupture mechanism and fracture characteristic of phyllite[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(3):317-322.
[14]钟建华,刘圣鑫,马寅生,等.页岩宏观破裂模式与微观破裂机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(2):242-250.ZHONG Jian-hua,LIU Sheng-xin,MA Yin-sheng,et al.Macro-fracture mode and micro-fracture mechanism of shale[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(2):242-250.
[15]周阳.黄土微结构数字图像处理与定量化方法的研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2013.ZHOU Yang.Study on the digital image processing and quantification technologies of loess microstructure[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2013.
[16]张春生,刘宁,褚卫江,等.石英云母片岩各向异性特征多尺度精细化描述[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(3):573-582.ZHANG Chun-sheng,LIU Ning,CHU Wei-jiang,et al.Multi-scale fine description on the anisotropic characteristics of quartz-mica schist[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(3):573-582.
[17]李志刚,徐光黎,黄鹏,等.粉砂质板岩力学特性及各向异性特性[J].岩土力学,2018,39(5):200-209.LI Zhi-gang,XU Guang-li,HUANG Peng,et al.Mechanical and anisotropic properties of silty slates[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(5):200-209.
[18]陈超,楼章华,金爱民.饱和水与干燥碳酸盐岩声波各向异性研究[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(4):131-137.CHEN Chao,LOU Zhang-hua,JIN Ai-min.Acoustic anisotropy of water-saturated and desiccated carbonate rocks[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(4):131-137.
[19]綦建峰,隋旺华,张改玲,等.基于SEM图像处理红层砂岩孔隙度及分维数计算分析[J].工程地质学报,2014,22(增刊):339-345.QI Jian-feng,SUI Wang-hua,ZHANG Gai-ling,et al.Calculation and analysis of the porosity and fractal dimension of red stratum sandstone based on SEMimages processing[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2014,22(Suppl.):339-345.
[20]王宝军,施斌,刘志彬,等.基于GIS的黏性土微观结构的分形研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(2):244-247.WANG Bao-jun,SHI Bin,LIU Zhi-bin,et al.Fractal study on microstructure of clayey soil by GIS[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(2):244-248.
[21]朱华,姬翠翠.分形理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.ZHU Hua,JI Cui-cui.Fractal theory and its application[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011.
[22]王家兴.石英云母片岩各向异性特征及其对围岩稳定性影响的研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2014.WANG Jia-xing.Research for the anisotropy of quartz mica schist and its effect on the stability of the surrounding rock[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2014.
[23]张学民.岩石材料各向异性特征及其对隧道围岩稳定性影响研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2007.ZHANG Xue-min.Anisotropic characteristics of rock material and its influence on stability of tunnel surrounding rock[D].Changsha:Central South University,2007.
[24]邹俊鹏,陈卫忠,杨典森,等.基于SEM的珲春低阶煤微观结构特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(9):1805-1814.ZOU Jun-peng,CHEN Wei-zhong,YANG Dian-sen,et al.Microstructural characteristics of low-rank coal from Hunchun based on SEM[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(9):1805-1814.
[25]李业学,谢和平,刘建峰.RGB图像分形维数计算方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊1):2779-2784.LI Ye-xue,XIE He-ping,LIU Jian-feng.Study on computing method of fractal dimension of RGB image[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Suppl.1):2779-2784.
[26]钟明寿,龙源,谢全民,等.基于分形盒维数和多重分形的爆破地震波信号分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(1):7-11.ZHONG Ming-shou,LONG Yuan,XIE Quan-min,et al.Signal analysis for blasting seismic wave based on fractal box-dimension and multi-fractal[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(1):7-11.