不同栽培模式下蓝莓园果蝇数量的动态规律
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摘要
蓝莓作为新兴的经济作物,因其极高的营养价值和经济价值,种植面积逐年增加。但近几年,果蝇成为蓝莓上的主要害虫,严重影响了我国蓝莓产业的发展。为了明确青岛地区为害蓝莓的果蝇种类及发生动态规律,2016年5-12月,在青岛沃林蓝莓采摘园,选择暖棚、冷棚和大田3种蓝莓栽培环境,在相同高度悬挂糖醋液诱集瓶,监测果蝇发生的种类及数量动态规律。共进行了33次调查,诱集果蝇11 709头。结果表明,青岛地区为害蓝莓的果蝇主要有黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster Meigen、铃木氏果蝇Drosophila suzukii Matsumura、海德氏果蝇Drosophila hydei Sturtevant和伊米果蝇Drosophila immigrans Sturtevant 4种。在3种不同的种植环境中,为害蓝莓的优势种为黑腹果蝇,共计6 878头,占总数量的59%,平均23.7头/5瓶,其次是铃木氏果蝇,共计4 372头,占总数量的37%,平均14.7头/5瓶,海德氏果蝇和伊米果蝇发生数量较少,共369头和90头,分别占总数量的3%和1%,平均1.2头/5瓶和0.4头/5瓶。黑腹果蝇在6-10月发生数量一直处于较高水平,而铃木氏果蝇在6-7月和10-11月出现2个明显的发生高峰,8-9月是发生的低谷期。冷棚诱集到果蝇数量为5 736头,占总数量的49%,大田为3 746头,占总数量的32%,暖棚为2 227头,占总数量的19%,暖棚能更好地减少果蝇的发生。本文讨论了不同栽培措施对蓝莓园果蝇种类和数量动态的影响,以期为蓝莓果蝇的监测和综合防治提供依据。
The planting area of blueberry, a burgeoning economic crop, increased year by year in China because of its high nutritional and economic value. But in recent years, fruit fly has become a major pest of blueberry, seriously affecting the development of China's blueberry industry. In order to make clear of the species and population dynamics of fruit fly in blueberry fields in North China, three kinds of blueberry cultivation environment including warm shed, cold shed and open field in Qingdao Wolin blueberry picking orchard were selected, and trap bottles containing sweet and vinegar lure were hung on blueberry trees at the same height from May to December in 2016. Thirty-three surveys were conducted during the growing season, and 11 709 fruit flies were collected. The results showed that Drosophila melanogaster, D.suzukii, D.hydei and D.immigrans are the main fruit fly species in Qingdao blueberry field. In the three kinds of blueberry cultivation environment, the dominant species of fruit fly were D.melanogaster, with 6 878 flies trapped(23.7 individuals/5 bottles averagely), accounting for 59% of the total, followed by D.suzukii, with total number of 4 372 individuals accounting for 37%(averagely 14.7 individuals/5 bottles), and the trapped D.hydei and D.immigrans were the least, with 369 individuals(averagely 1.2 individuals/5 bottles) and 90 individuals(averagely 0.4 individual/5 bottles), accounting for 3% and 1% of the total, respectively. The number of fruit flies trapped in cold shed was 5 736 individuals, accounting for 49% of the total, 3 746 individuals in the field, 32% of the total, and 2 227 individuals in warm shed, 19% of the total. Thus warm shed can effectively reduce the occurrence of fruit flies. The effects of different cultivation mea-sures on dynamic of species and quantity of fruit flies in blueberry orchard was also discussed in this paper, so as to provide the basis for monitoring and integrated control of blueberry fruit flies.
The planting area of blueberry, a burgeoning economic crop, increased year by year in China because of its high nutritional and economic value. But in recent years, fruit fly has become a major pest of blueberry, seriously affecting the development of China's blueberry industry. In order to make clear of the species and population dynamics of fruit fly in blueberry fields in North China, three kinds of blueberry cultivation environment including warm shed, cold shed and open field in Qingdao Wolin blueberry picking orchard were selected, and trap bottles containing sweet and vinegar lure were hung on blueberry trees at the same height from May to December in 2016. Thirty-three surveys were conducted during the growing season, and 11 709 fruit flies were collected. The results showed that Drosophila melanogaster, D.suzukii, D.hydei and D.immigrans are the main fruit fly species in Qingdao blueberry field. In the three kinds of blueberry cultivation environment, the dominant species of fruit fly were D.melanogaster, with 6 878 flies trapped(23.7 individuals/5 bottles averagely), accounting for 59% of the total, followed by D.suzukii, with total number of 4 372 individuals accounting for 37%(averagely 14.7 individuals/5 bottles), and the trapped D.hydei and D.immigrans were the least, with 369 individuals(averagely 1.2 individuals/5 bottles) and 90 individuals(averagely 0.4 individual/5 bottles), accounting for 3% and 1% of the total, respectively. The number of fruit flies trapped in cold shed was 5 736 individuals, accounting for 49% of the total, 3 746 individuals in the field, 32% of the total, and 2 227 individuals in warm shed, 19% of the total. Thus warm shed can effectively reduce the occurrence of fruit flies. The effects of different cultivation mea-sures on dynamic of species and quantity of fruit flies in blueberry orchard was also discussed in this paper, so as to provide the basis for monitoring and integrated control of blueberry fruit flies.
引文
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[2] 丰震, 许景伟, 范广武, 等. 蓝莓引种可行性浅析[J]. 山东林业科技, 2001, 19(2): 34-36.
[3] 张珊珊, 鹿永华, 林德荣, 等. 中国蓝莓产业发展现状及对策研究[J]. 林业经济, 2015(5): 58-71.
[4] 郭建明.樱桃新害虫黑腹果蝇的生物学特性[J].昆虫知识, 2007, 44(5): 743-745.
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[6] 王穿才, 马辉.黑腹果蝇对东魁杨梅的为害及其生物学特性与防治技术研究[J].中国南方果树, 2008, 37(4): 54-55.
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[8] LEE J C, BRUCK D J, CURRY H.The susceptibility of small fruits and cherries to the spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii [J].Pest Management Science, 2011, 67(11): 1358-1367.
[9] 郭迪金, 蒋辉, 张永华, 等. 黑腹果蝇和伊米果蝇在四川阿坝州发生初报[J]. 植物保护, 2007, 33(1): 134-135.
[10] United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. Noncitrus fruits and nuts 2008 preliminary summary. Publication Fruit and Nuts 1-3 (09) [R]. Washington, DC.2009.
[11] SASAKI M, SATO R. Bionomics of the cherry Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Fukushima Prefecture, 3: Life cycle [J]. Annual Report of the Society of Plant Protection of Japan,1995, 46: 170-172.
[12] WALSH D B, BOLDA M P, GOODHUE R E, et al. Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Invasive pest of ripening soft fruit expanding its geographic range and damage potential [J]. Journal of Integrated Pest Management,2011,2(1):1-7.
[13] BELLAMY D E, SISTERSON M S, WALSE S S. Quantifying host potentials: Indexing postharvest fresh fruits for spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii [J/OL]. PLoS ONE, 2013(8): e61227.
[14] LEE J C, BRUCK D J, DREVES A J, et al. In focus: Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, across perspectives [J]. Pest Management Science, 2011, 67: 1349-1351.
[15] CINI A, IORIATTI C, ANFORA G. A review of the invasion of Drosophila suzukii in Europe and a draft research agenda for integrated pest management [J]. Bulletin of Insectology, 2012, 65: 149-160.
[16] 王培培, 侯智霞, 王冲, 等.不同栽培方式对蓝莓梢果发育的影响[J]. 经济林研究, 2014, 32(3): 129-133.
[17] 李亚东, 孙海悦, 陈丽. 我国蓝莓产业发展报告[J]. 中国果树, 2016(5): 1-10.
[18] 高海霞, 赵洪海, 姜惠铁, 等. 青岛地区蓝莓病虫害调查初报[J]. 中国园艺文摘, 2009, 25(12): 62-64.
[19] 任艳玲, 周杰, 杨茂发, 等. 贵州蓝莓病虫害调查及防治方法初报[J]. 中国南方果树, 2015, 44(6): 102-105.
[20] WISE J C, VANDERPOPPEN R, VANDERVOORT C, et al. Curative activity contributes to control of spotted-wing drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and blueberry maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) in highbush blueberry [J]. The Canadian Entomologist, 2015, 147(1): 109-117.
[21] HIROTOSHI K, YASUHISA K, TAKUYA B, et al. Oviposition efficacy of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) on different cultivars of blueberry [J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2013, 106(4): 1767-1771.
[22] 满孝明, 周昊, 谭秀梅, 等. 胶东果园果蝇发生动态调查[J]. 中国植保导刊, 2016, 36(12): 55-57.
[2] 丰震, 许景伟, 范广武, 等. 蓝莓引种可行性浅析[J]. 山东林业科技, 2001, 19(2): 34-36.
[3] 张珊珊, 鹿永华, 林德荣, 等. 中国蓝莓产业发展现状及对策研究[J]. 林业经济, 2015(5): 58-71.
[4] 郭建明.樱桃新害虫黑腹果蝇的生物学特性[J].昆虫知识, 2007, 44(5): 743-745.
[5] 王忠跃, 刘崇怀, 潘兴.葡萄酸腐病及防治[J].果农之友, 2004(3): 32-33.
[6] 王穿才, 马辉.黑腹果蝇对东魁杨梅的为害及其生物学特性与防治技术研究[J].中国南方果树, 2008, 37(4): 54-55.
[7] 李德友, 左锐, 袁洁, 等. 杨梅果蝇发生危害与食源调查[J]. 贵州农业科学, 2005, 33(2): 77-78.
[8] LEE J C, BRUCK D J, CURRY H.The susceptibility of small fruits and cherries to the spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii [J].Pest Management Science, 2011, 67(11): 1358-1367.
[9] 郭迪金, 蒋辉, 张永华, 等. 黑腹果蝇和伊米果蝇在四川阿坝州发生初报[J]. 植物保护, 2007, 33(1): 134-135.
[10] United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. Noncitrus fruits and nuts 2008 preliminary summary. Publication Fruit and Nuts 1-3 (09) [R]. Washington, DC.2009.
[11] SASAKI M, SATO R. Bionomics of the cherry Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Fukushima Prefecture, 3: Life cycle [J]. Annual Report of the Society of Plant Protection of Japan,1995, 46: 170-172.
[12] WALSH D B, BOLDA M P, GOODHUE R E, et al. Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Invasive pest of ripening soft fruit expanding its geographic range and damage potential [J]. Journal of Integrated Pest Management,2011,2(1):1-7.
[13] BELLAMY D E, SISTERSON M S, WALSE S S. Quantifying host potentials: Indexing postharvest fresh fruits for spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii [J/OL]. PLoS ONE, 2013(8): e61227.
[14] LEE J C, BRUCK D J, DREVES A J, et al. In focus: Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, across perspectives [J]. Pest Management Science, 2011, 67: 1349-1351.
[15] CINI A, IORIATTI C, ANFORA G. A review of the invasion of Drosophila suzukii in Europe and a draft research agenda for integrated pest management [J]. Bulletin of Insectology, 2012, 65: 149-160.
[16] 王培培, 侯智霞, 王冲, 等.不同栽培方式对蓝莓梢果发育的影响[J]. 经济林研究, 2014, 32(3): 129-133.
[17] 李亚东, 孙海悦, 陈丽. 我国蓝莓产业发展报告[J]. 中国果树, 2016(5): 1-10.
[18] 高海霞, 赵洪海, 姜惠铁, 等. 青岛地区蓝莓病虫害调查初报[J]. 中国园艺文摘, 2009, 25(12): 62-64.
[19] 任艳玲, 周杰, 杨茂发, 等. 贵州蓝莓病虫害调查及防治方法初报[J]. 中国南方果树, 2015, 44(6): 102-105.
[20] WISE J C, VANDERPOPPEN R, VANDERVOORT C, et al. Curative activity contributes to control of spotted-wing drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and blueberry maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) in highbush blueberry [J]. The Canadian Entomologist, 2015, 147(1): 109-117.
[21] HIROTOSHI K, YASUHISA K, TAKUYA B, et al. Oviposition efficacy of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) on different cultivars of blueberry [J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2013, 106(4): 1767-1771.
[22] 满孝明, 周昊, 谭秀梅, 等. 胶东果园果蝇发生动态调查[J]. 中国植保导刊, 2016, 36(12): 55-57.