北京动物园圈养环尾狐猴种群发展分析
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摘要
通过对1996～2016年北京动物园圈养的环尾狐猴种群(n=139)的基础数据进行整理,应用种群管理软件Sparks v1. 6和PMx v1. 0进行统计学和遗传学分析。结果显示:北京动物园圈养环尾狐猴种群处于自我维持阶段,性比(雄性∶雌性)为1. 10∶1,繁殖后代呈现稳定增长的趋势,属于增长型年龄结构;该种群中共有4个奠基者,且存在奠基者贡献值不均衡的现象,而不能有效降低遗传漂变,目前基因多样性较低,为74%,近亲繁殖现象较严重。进一步的配对适宜度指数(MSI)明确了18种有益于种群发展的配对和22只遗传优势个体。这些参数为维持现有遗传学参数的恒定提供了理论依据。
The basic data of captive Lemur catta( n = 139) in Beijing Zoo was sorted and analyzed using Sparks v1. 6 and PMx v1. 0 for statistical and genetic analysis. The population was in a selfsustaining stage,and its gender ratio was basically balanced. The number of reproductive posterities showed an upward trend,and the age structure was of expanding type. There were 4 genetic founders in the captive population; nevertheless,their founder contribution values were not balanced,genetic drift could not be effectively reduced,as a result,the current genetic diversity dropped to 74%,and the inbreeding coefficient was serious. The matching suitability index( MSI)analysis identified 18 beneficial breeding pairs and 22 genetically superior individuals,which provide a theoretical basis for maintaining the constancy of existing genetic parameters.
The basic data of captive Lemur catta( n = 139) in Beijing Zoo was sorted and analyzed using Sparks v1. 6 and PMx v1. 0 for statistical and genetic analysis. The population was in a selfsustaining stage,and its gender ratio was basically balanced. The number of reproductive posterities showed an upward trend,and the age structure was of expanding type. There were 4 genetic founders in the captive population; nevertheless,their founder contribution values were not balanced,genetic drift could not be effectively reduced,as a result,the current genetic diversity dropped to 74%,and the inbreeding coefficient was serious. The matching suitability index( MSI)analysis identified 18 beneficial breeding pairs and 22 genetically superior individuals,which provide a theoretical basis for maintaining the constancy of existing genetic parameters.
引文
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[2] Schwitzer C,Mittermeier R,Davies N,et al. Lemurs of Madagascar:a strategy for their conservation 2013-2016[M]. Bristol,UK:IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group,Bristol Conservation and Science Foundation,and Conservation International. 2013.
[3] Grogan K E,Sauther M L,Cuozzo F P,et al. Genetic wealth,population health:major histocompatibility complex variation in captive and wild ring-tailed lemurs(Lemur catta)[J]. Ecology and Evolution,2017,7(19):7638-7649.
[4]张宪义.环尾狐猴的饲养繁殖与人工育幼技术[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2011,32(4):54-55.
[5]李勇军,王志永,王万华,等.环尾狐猴的饲养繁殖和人工育幼[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2011,32(2):47-48.
[6]周军英.中国动物园白鹤圈养种群统计学与遗传学分析[J].四川动物,2013,32(4):492-497.
[7] Frankham R,Ballou J D,Briscoe D A. Introduction to conservation genetics[M]. England:Cambridge University Press,2002.
[8] Kleiman D G,Allen M E,Thompson K V,et al. Wild mammals in captivity:principles and techniques[M]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1996.
[9]于泽英.川金丝猴圈养种群现状分析[J].动物学杂志,2004,39(4):45-49.
[10]王鹏彦,黄炎,曹家林.圈养大熊猫种群的动态及发展趋势[J].四川动物,2005,34(4):484-489.
[11] Haig S M, Ballou J D. Pedigree analyses in wild populations[M]//Beissinger S R,Me CullotIsh D R. Population viability analysis. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2002.
[12]高喜凤.中国黑叶猴圈养种群现状分析[J].野生动物学报,2014,35(3):267-270.
[13]沈富军,张志和,李光汉,等.圈养大熊猫的系谱分析[J].遗传学报,2002,29(4):307-313.
[14] Ballou J D. Calculation inbreeding coefficients from pedigrees[M]//Schonewald-Cox C M,Chambers S M,Mac Bryde B,et al.Genetics and conservation. Calf:Benjamin/Cummings,1983.
[15]李海洋,丁长青.种群生存力分析在濒危动物保护与管理中的应用[J].四川动物,2013,32(2):313-319.
[16] R.法兰克汉,J. D.巴卢,D. A.布里斯科.保育遗传学导论[M].黄宏文,康明,译.北京:科学出版社,2005.
[17]侯立冰,丁晶晶,丁玉华,等.江苏大丰麋鹿种群及管理模式探讨[J].野生动物,2012,33(5):254-257,270.
[18]于泽英.动物园圈养种群的遗传学管理[J].野生动物,2004,25(4):41-42.
[19] Vanstreels R E T,Pesutti C. Analysis and discussion of maned wolf Chrysocyon brachyurus population trends in Brazilian institutions:lessons from the Brazilian studbook,1969-2006[J]. International Zoo Yearbook,2010,44(1):121-135.
[20]马珺.东方白鹳国内圈养种群的统计分析[J].野生动物,2011,32(5):273-276.